{"id":11173,"date":"2025-03-24T04:22:01","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T21:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=11173"},"modified":"2025-04-18T02:53:46","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T19:53:46","slug":"nhin-phat-dan-qua-con-mat-thien-quan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/nhin-phat-dan-qua-con-mat-thien-quan\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n Qua Con M\u1eaft Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00edch Tr\u1eebng S\u1ef9<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

NH\u00ccN PH\u1eacT \u0110\u1ea2N QUA CON M\u1eaeT THI\u1ec0N QU\u00c1N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta xem n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i \u2026 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu, v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh, ng\u00e0y ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, hay ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt; sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m sinh, sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n. V\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m phu sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi; v\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb bi, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecbt, sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea7n ba ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni (Lumbini<\/em>), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc N\u00ea-pan (Nepal<\/em>) ng\u00e0y nay. N\u0103m 249 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y[1]<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua A D\u1ee5c (Ashoka<\/em>) kh\u1eafc ghi, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 trong Kinh A H\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cM\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u2013 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni.<\/em>\u201d[2]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 9 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hoa sen <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kham nh\u1eabn, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, an vui, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1.1. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m (Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama<\/em>), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ea7n 3 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Khi Ng\u00e0i sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec m\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Ma Da (M\u0101y\u0101dev\u012b<\/em>) qua \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Ma Ha Ba X\u00e0 Ba \u0110\u1ec1 (Mah\u0101paj\u0101pat\u012b Gotam\u012b<\/em>) ch\u0103m lo th\u00e1i t\u1eed r\u1ea5t t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chu \u0111\u00e1o. Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u00ean l\u00e0 vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana<\/em><\/a>). Khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean, th\u00e1i t\u1eed k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Da Du \u0110\u00e0 La (Yasodhar\u0101<\/em>), v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00ean l\u00e0 La H\u1ea7u La (R\u0101hula<\/em><\/a>).<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh nhung l\u1ee5a, gi\u00e0u sang, v\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do, v\u00e0 tho\u00e1i m\u00e1i, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sa N\u1eb7c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1n c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng, th\u00e1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 Sa N\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0; \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh; \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft; v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb Kh\u1ea5t s\u0129.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3nh th\u1eadt th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 thong dong, khoang thai, ung dung, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 th\u01b0 th\u1edbi. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e1i t\u1eed t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n sau n\u00e0y, gi\u00fap th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00fac 29 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u00e0 tu T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Siddh<\/em>\u0101rtha<\/em>), h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129: Alara-Kalama<\/em><\/a> v\u00e0 Uddaka-Ramaputta<\/em><\/a>, tr\u1ea3i qua 6 n\u0103m tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi 5 anh em T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (Konda\u00f1\u00f1a<\/em>), v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, sai l\u1ec7ch, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0110\u1ea1o (majjhim\u0101pa\u1e6dipad\u0101<\/em>) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp l\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c. Sau khi d\u00f9ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Su D\u00e0 Ta (Sujata<\/em>), B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a nh\u1eadn b\u00f3 c\u1ecf Ki\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng (Kusa<\/em>) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng phu, \u0111i th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Bodhgaya<\/em>), v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh 49 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni (Sakyamuni<\/em>) l\u00fac 35 tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh theo Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n hay s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Siddhartha<\/em>) v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 624 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, l\u1ea5y n\u0103m 624 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m nay, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2025, ta c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2649. Siddhartha<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. T\u00ednh theo Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch hay s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u0103m 544 (624 – 80 = 544) tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, l\u1ea5y n\u0103m 544 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m nay \u2013 2025, ta c\u00f3 n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 2569. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u1eeb bi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u00edch Ca (Sakya<\/em>) l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecd; M\u00e2u Ni (Muni<\/em>) l\u00e0 v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t S\u0129 an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. V\u1eady Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca (Sakya<\/em>) t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Ca-t\u1ef3-la-v\u1ec7 (Kapilavastu<\/em>), c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, xu\u1ea5t gia tu t\u1eadp, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m, nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i 80, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 vua, quan, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, t\u00f4i t\u1edb, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1t ph\u00e2n, k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp, v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 n\u1eef. Nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, nghe ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ecbu th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebfi-b\u00e0n, tuy hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 tuy m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 hai, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    S\u1ed1ng su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a s\u01a1 sinh, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh, sinh ra d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni (Lumbini<\/em>), th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 (Bodhi tree<\/em>) t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng (Bodhgaya<\/em>), n\u00f3i b\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u2013 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf cho 5 anh em \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn Nai \u2013 Sarnath<\/em>, nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 c\u00e2y song th\u1ecd t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Sa La (Sala<\/em>) t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh C\u00e2u-thi-la (Kusinagar<\/em>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t chu \u0111\u00e1o, an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cNh\u01b0 ong \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm hoa,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    n\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat m\u1eadt,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    h\u00fat m\u1eadt r\u1ed3i bay \u0111i,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a hoa<\/em>.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Hoa d\u1ee5 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean; m\u1eadt l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, Ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, Ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3u, Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb; con ong d\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 vui, \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3t xong qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed,[4]<\/a> k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    2.2. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. B\u1ed5n sanh truy\u1ec7n (J\u00e0taka<\/em>)[5]<\/a> ghi r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Ma-da (Mayadevi<\/em>) v\u00e0 vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana<\/em>) h\u01a1n 40 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng chung v\u00e0 \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m hay nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, d\u00f9 trai hay g\u00e1i, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t mong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hay hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng. Khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh hai b\u00ean n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t \u01b0 l\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9a con l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ee9a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-da v\u00e0 vua T\u1ecbnh-ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana<\/em>) mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 con \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0ng cung c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch-ca (Sakya<\/em>). S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng. Kho\u1ea3ng ba ng\u00e0y sau khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, ti\u00ean A-t\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0 (Asita<\/em>) v\u00e0 A-nh\u00e3 Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o cung v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed l\u00e0 T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Siddhartha<\/em>); T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t S\u0129 an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam vui, b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong th\u1eddi gian mang th\u00e1nh thai, vua v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span> \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp, x\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbp, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c trong tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a thai nhi. C\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thai nhi, gi\u00fap thai nhi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb bi, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 sau. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, cho thai nhi, v\u00e0 cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thai nhi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/span> v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf.[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y trong th\u1eddi gian mang thai, c\u1ea3 vua T\u1ecbnh-ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana<\/em>) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-da (Maya<\/em>) c\u00f9ng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, m\u00e0 thai nhi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh thai n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi.[7]<\/a> Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa k\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 194 ghi:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cH\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng sinh,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p cao minh,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n an l\u1ea1c,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thay T\u1ee9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng tu.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u1ecbch th\u01a1:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cVui thay \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Vui thay ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Vui thay T\u0103ng ch\u00fang ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Vui thay b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng tu.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i Kinh v\u0103n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed sau n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam th\u1eaft nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, trang tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, thi\u00eang li\u00eang, v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 khi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-da (Maya<\/em>) mang th\u00e1nh thai; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara, Sumedha<\/em>) t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-xu\u1ea5t (Tusita<\/em>), c\u1ee1i voi tr\u1eafng s\u00e1u ng\u00e0, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e0 mang thai.[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara<\/em>)[9]<\/a> xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n; \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.[10]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o l\u1edbn. T\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, A Tu La (Asura), \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, v\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh<\/em>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m qua s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp. v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd tu t\u1eadp, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00f5i A Tu La, ch\u00fang sanh r\u1ea5t s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00f5i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, ch\u00fang sinh lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb run l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, tham lam, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00f5i s\u00fac sanh, ch\u00fang sanh \u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 nu\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, v\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh, ch\u00fang sanh lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf, ch\u00fang hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh trong s\u00e1u c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang sinh t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang sinh t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i A Tu La, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, v\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh. Ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o h\u01a1n ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sinh, t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t (Tusita<\/em>), B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara<\/em>) th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Ta b\u00e0 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u thai l\u00e0m con c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh-ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana<\/em>) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-da (Maya<\/em>), t\u1ee9c th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo tri\u1ebft l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, tinh cha, no\u00e3n s\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9, t\u1eed cung, s\u1ef1 \u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 giao h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, th\u1eddi gian th\u1ee5 thai, mang thai, v.v\u2026 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thai nhi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, thai nhi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i \u1ea5m, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v. v., \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh<\/em> (Patisandhi<\/em>)[11]<\/em><\/a> hay h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5m<\/em> (Gandhabha<\/em>).[12]<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, t\u00f9y theo nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, v\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 g\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/em>) c\u1ee7a cha v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thai nhi. Trong chu k\u1ef3 sinh, t\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh, kho\u1ea3ng ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, thai nhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Bodhisattva Siddh\u0101rtha<\/em>), v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara<\/em>),[13]<\/em><\/a> v\u00ec nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, t\u1eeb cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t (Tusita<\/em>), B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0i nhi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, trong m\u00f9a l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cB\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, b\u00e1o m\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da, c\u1ee1i voi tr\u1eafng s\u00e1u ng\u00e0, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9. <\/em>Ho\u1eb7c, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 s\u01a1 sinh T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a, sinh ra \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu, th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00edn r\u1ed3ng phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00ean b\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3a hoa sen, v\u00e0 d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng<\/em>: <\/span>Tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d[14]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 voi, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, s\u00e1u ng\u00e0, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, c\u00e2y, v\u00f4 \u01b0u, con s\u1ed1 9, r\u1ed3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc, con s\u1ed1 7, b\u01b0\u1edbc, hoa sen, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. H\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i; huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a trang tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, thi\u00eang li\u00eang, vi di\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Voi<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, thong dong, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i; m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng<\/span> ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft, trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; s\u00e1u ng\u00e0<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u00e1u h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u201cB\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tinh t\u1ea5n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i<\/span> l\u00e0 b\u00ean thu\u1eadn theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u0111i t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng sang h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc. B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i<\/span> ch\u1ec9 cho h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam vui b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5. B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00ean t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u2026 Sinh ra h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-da mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i; th\u1ef1c ra, th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a sinh ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/span>.[15]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u00f4ng b\u00ean tr\u00e1i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1eeda \u2013 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 \u2013 ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>) v\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/em>) nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Siddh<\/em>\u0101rtha<\/em>), m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara<\/em>)[16]<\/a> c\u1ee1i voi tr\u1eafng s\u00e1u ng\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da; h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp s\u00e1u h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sanh: \u201c<\/span>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tinh t\u1ea5n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d Khi s\u00e1u h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam vui v\u00e0 th\u00eam ph\u00fac.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a (Siddh<\/em>\u0101rtha<\/em>), sinh ra, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, xu\u1ea5t gia, tu h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. H\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef thanh th\u1ea3n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 an l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eddi an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    (B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh[17]<\/a> \u2013 Vessantara<\/em> \u2013 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u00ecn \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Bodhisattva<\/em> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai t\u1eeb Bodhi<\/em> v\u00e0 Sattva<\/em>; Bodhi<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 Sattva<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1eady B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/em> hay Bodhisattva <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u01a1i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u01a1i d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. X\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay, h\u1ec5 ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eef \u201cH\u1ed9<\/em>\u201d trong \u201cH\u1ed9 Minh<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, duy tr\u00ec, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u2026 ; ch\u1eef \u201cMinh<\/em>\u201d trong \u201cH\u1ed9 Minh<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, s\u00e1ng r\u00f5, trong s\u1ea1ch, tinh khi\u1ebft, tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng\u2026H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara<\/em>)[18]<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng cho th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho th\u1ebf gian. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t \u201cth\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3n sanh<\/em>\u201d; \u201cth\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; \u201c\u0111\u1ea3n sanh<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni. \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y<\/em>\u201d d\u1ee5 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ta b\u00e0<\/em> n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean tai, chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, tranh gi\u00e0nh \u2026x\u1ea3y ra. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u do l\u00f2ng tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn\u2026 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp, bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tham, s\u00e2n, si\u2026, bi\u1ebft b\u1ecf \u00e1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u0169ng v\u1eady, v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00ec \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00f5i Ta b\u00e0 n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ti\u1ebfng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, than kh\u00f3c, v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh do v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1m l\u00e0n xe (the noble eightfold path), c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, si\u00eang n\u0103ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m an l\u1ea1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh<\/em>.\u201d[19]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00e1m l\u00e0n xe ch\u1ea1y n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft; m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u00e1m v\u00e0 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00e1m lane n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh t\u1edbi b\u1edd an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t H\u1ed9 Minh (Vessantara<\/em>), <\/em>c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, voi tr\u1eafng s\u00e1u ng\u00e0, h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xong. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, k\u00ednh m\u1eddi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu, ch\u00edn r\u1ed3ng, phun n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc, hoa sen, d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi sinh ra d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu (Ashoka, Sorrowless Tree<\/em>), T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a <\/em>(Siddh\u0101rtha<\/em>) s\u01a1 sinh<\/em> hay \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh<\/em> li\u1ec1n \u0111i 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean 7 hoa sen, tay ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, tay tr\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1t n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i Ta <\/em>(Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi –Manussa<\/em>)<\/span>, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d[20]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb c\u00e2y, V\u00f4 \u01afu, ch\u00edn, r\u1ed3ng, phun, n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc, hoa sen, d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i ta,<\/em>\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e2y<\/span> \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da hoan h\u1ef7, tr\u00ean 40 tu\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi sanh con,[21]<\/a> v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh h\u00e0i nhi, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; V\u00f4<\/span> trong v\u00f4 \u01b0u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; \u01afu<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u2026V\u00f4 \u01afu<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n\u2026 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e2y v\u00f4 \u01b0u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda cho hai m\u1eb9 con th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Ma Da v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Siddh\u0101rtha<\/em>) s\u01a1 sinh.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, n\u00ean th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Ma Da c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng cho tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni sau n\u00e0y. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, n\u00ean th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean sinh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi, xu\u1ea5t gia, tu t\u1eadp, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c th\u00edch, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1 d\u00e2n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u2026Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Ma Da hoan h\u1ef7, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e1nh thai, sinh ra m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh h\u00e0i nhi t\u1eeb bi, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n,[22]<\/a> c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh.<\/span> M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u00e1nh, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng an vui, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 2 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 9: Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/em>, m\u1eddi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb theo d\u00f5i ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    3.3. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hoa sen<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Sinh ra d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean 7 hoa sen.[23]<\/a> C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n \u0111i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3a hoa sen n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cB\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3a sen h\u1ed3ng n\u00e2ng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ecbnh,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7m sen \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb bi<\/em>.\u201d[24]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Sen h\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft, trong s\u1ea1ch, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i. \u1ede ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, sen<\/span> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. B\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3a sen h\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:[25]<\/a> \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Thi (Vipass\u00ec Buddha<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Thi Kh\u00ed (Sikh\u00ec Buddha<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ph\u00f9 (Vessabh\u00f9 Buddha<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u00e2u L\u01b0u T\u00f4n (Kankusandha Buddha<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u00e2u Na H\u00e0m (Kon\u00e0gamana Buddha<\/em>), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca Di\u1ebfp (Kassapa Buddha<\/em>), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni (Sakyamuni Buddha<\/em>). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t, b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 tr\u00ean.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cB\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i an l\u1ea1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede c\u00e2u th\u01a1 th\u1ee9 hai, ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7m sen, sen, \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb bi<\/em>; \u0111\u1ea7m<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian<\/em>; sen<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho \u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb bi, <\/em>t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau bao la v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7m sen, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u2026\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00f9n<\/em> trong ao.<\/em> Sen m\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u1ea7m<\/em>, trong b\u00f9n,<\/em> th\u00ec sen m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u sen kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch. Sen \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea1. Sinh \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, th\u00e1i t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia, tu t\u1eadp, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng bao la r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i, h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, nghe ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 k\u00ednh T\u0103ng, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng khen, ch\u00ea, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. N\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gian t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i sinh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf c\u00f5i ta b\u00e0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean sinh<\/span>, sen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sen nh\u01b0 b\u00f9n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u2026S\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f9n, nh\u01b0ng sen kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00f9n l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc xinh t\u1ed1t, n\u1edf hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba<\/span>. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u1eddi trong su\u1ed1t 80 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m hoen \u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, v\u1eabn an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u00f9n<\/span> d\u1ee5 cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tham, s\u00e2n, si, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng th\u1ecb phi, khen ch\u00ea c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian; sen<\/span> d\u1ee5 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a b\u00f9n th\u00e0nh sen, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00e0nh an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u2026 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u1eebng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng \u00edt, th\u00ec ta g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u00edt cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Do v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ngon l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hoa tr\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, sinh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t gia, tu t\u1eadp, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e1i t\u1eed n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. S\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u00e2u v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o S\u01b0 t\u00e2m linh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gian t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u00e0 qu\u00fd k\u00ednh.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cXinh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 hoa sen,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    R\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea9u,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Xin quay v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ea5u,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean.<\/em>\u201d[26]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, sen t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 tinh khi\u1ebft, trong s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m\u2026B\u00f9n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, hoen \u1ed1, tham, s\u00e2n, \u2026 T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n; tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1; kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 v\u00e0 hoen \u1ed1 th\u00e0nh tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ecbu th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cSen qu\u00fd<\/em> n\u1edf \u0111\u00e0i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00e0o quang chi\u1ebfu r\u1ea1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea7m ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1eeb bi th\u1eafm nhu\u1ea7n non s\u00f4ng,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u1eeba th\u1ea5y dung nhan \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00e2m th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh d\u00e2ng,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam B\u1ea3o,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Tinh chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p vun tr\u1ed3ng.<\/em>\u201d[27]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, hoa sen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 noi theo.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i 7 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean 7 hoa sen, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u1eed m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    4.4. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u00fac sinh ra, m\u1ed9t tay ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t tay tr\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d[28]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (M<\/em>\u0101<\/em>nusa<\/em>) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 chung cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (Buddha<\/em>) \u2013 B\u1eadc t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n. Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng; ngo\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Brahmanism<\/em>) hay c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean (Brahma<\/em>) hay \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i cao. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p l\u1eafm. V\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, v\u00e2ng l\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 tin theo b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c m\u00e3i m\u00e3i; nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y h\u0103m d\u1ecda thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh tuy duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ngon l\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay sai. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u00fang ta lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u1ed5 \u0111au nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng; ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, vun tr\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m \u00fd trong s\u1ea1ch, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh trong b\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>; Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean hay \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i<\/span> b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean t\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u00e1nh n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00e0nh B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00e0nh an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o xem con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi an vui v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e0m phu th\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean hay \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft l\u00fac th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ng\u00e0i \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, sau 3 l\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean Sahampati<\/em>[29]<\/a> th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n (Brahmanism<\/em>) v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o (Hinduism<\/em>), Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua tr\u1eddi cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ra, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, Kinh T\u00f4n K\u00ednh, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI, ph\u1ea7n II,[30]<\/a> (Samyutta Nikaya VI.2- Garava Sutta- Reverence<\/em>) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng V\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, t\u1eeb bi, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p vi di\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u …<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u00e0y cung th\u1ec9nh.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    3. \u0110\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng \u2013 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Th\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u00eam uy l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00edn t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
    6. C\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tha.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u00eam uy l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e2m linh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh, n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac Ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xong. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      5.5. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi 5 u\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2 ph\u1ea7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc (N\u0101ma<\/em> and r\u016bpa <\/em>= name and form, or mind and body).[31]<\/a> Danh (N\u0101ma<\/em>) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/em>; v\u00e0 s\u1eafc (R\u016bpa<\/em>) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0 l\u1eeda \u2013 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00f3 \u2013 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. <\/em>Danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, hay th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span> \u2013 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng<\/em> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng, ru\u1ed9t\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> \u2013 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng <\/em>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddm, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee7, m\u1ed3i h\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u0169i nh\u1ea7y, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u1eeda<\/span> \u2013 ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng <\/em>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i \u1ea5m v\u1eadt l\u00fd, l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00f3<\/span> \u2013 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng <\/em>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5i, h\u01a1i th\u1edf, gi\u00f3 trong b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, hay t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean sinh (Pali: paticcasamupp\u0101da<\/em>) (ta\/ Atta), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c (kh\u00f4ng ta\/ Anatta<\/em>), hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (Pali: anatt\u0101<\/em>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t; ta v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean duy nh\u1ee9t, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, duy\u00ean sinh, hay v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e0m phu, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sinh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      H\u1ecdc s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft khi tham quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i 4 c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh, th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Siddh\u0101rtha<\/em>) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sa N\u1eb7c (Channa<\/em>) th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb Kh\u1ea5t s\u0129. Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1i t\u1eed li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y; l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft; l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n; l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, etc.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Bodhisattva <\/em>Siddh\u0101rtha<\/em>) quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t gia, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, an vui, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0 nua, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e0 nua;<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o xa l\u00eca v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n do t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c; \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy, duy tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd h\u00f4m nay, m\u1ed9t mai n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i s\u1ebd xa l\u00eca v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u1ea5y<\/em><\/span>.\u201d[32]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1nh x\u1ea3 ly v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u2013 B\u1eadc t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n, \u0111em t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. L\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e9o bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ta s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ta s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t an vui; ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ecbu th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      6.6. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kham nh\u1eabn, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, an vui, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Tr\u1ea3i qua 6 n\u0103m tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi 5 anh em T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nh\u00e3 Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, nh\u00e0 tu T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a ch\u1ec9 \u0103n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eddi 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i tu \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng Su-d\u00e0-ta (Sujata<\/em>) v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0110\u1ea1o (Majjhim\u0101pa\u1e6dipad\u0101<\/em>): \u201ckh\u00f4ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham \u0111\u1eafm d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c.<\/em>\u201d \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/em>\u201d Nh\u1edd th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng c\u00fang, n\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c. Sau khi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng xong, Ng\u00e0i \u0111em b\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng qu\u0103ng xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n (Neranjara<\/em>), ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1i b\u00e1t n\u00e0y tr\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ta ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/em>.<\/span>\u201d Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u01b0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i b\u00e1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho \u201c\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Siddh\u0101rtha<\/em>). Tr\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tr\u00f4i xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng; tr\u00f4i xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u; tr\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u. N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span> d\u1ee5 cho tham \u00e1i, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu, b\u00e1m v\u00edu \u2026 Ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u1eady, tr\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng<\/span> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do, thong dong v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u00e2u tr\u00ean v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: \u201cN\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i trong ni\u1ec7m, trong \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 trong tu\u1ec7, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u hoa tr\u00e1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y<\/em><\/span>.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t, n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ngon l\u00e0nh v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i nh\u1eefng hoa tr\u00e1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, vun tr\u1ed3ng, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n, \u00fd ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a nh\u1eadn b\u00f3 c\u1ecf Ki\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng (Kusa<\/em>) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng phu c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed3 \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111i t\u1edbi B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng, ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cD\u00f9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tan th\u1ecbt n\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, Ta quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d Nh\u1edd l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh \u1ea5y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u1eady, tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (Siddhartha<\/em>) lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh kham nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; kham nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu t\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i; tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i tu t\u1eadp s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. Nh\u1edd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u1ed1i tu \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t kh\u00e9o v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1nh kham nh\u1eabn, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i tu c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 c\u00f2, b\u00f2 v\u00f2ng quanh \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1eeda, ph\u01a1i th\u00e2n su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam ngo\u00e0i n\u1eafng v\u00e0 trong s\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e2u, t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng th\u1eadt d\u00e0i\u2026 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 minh, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      7.7. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Khi \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u01a1 sinh n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u b\u1ea5t h\u1eefu trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: \u201cTr\u00ean tr\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Ta)<\/span> l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d (Thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 duy ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sanh giai h\u1eefu Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh.<\/em>\u201d[33]<\/a> Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh t\u1ed1i cao n\u00e0o.<\/span> Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c ra, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau. \u1ede th\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng d\u1ea7n ra, l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00f4 minh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00e0nh minh, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7n, \u00fd ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u01a1i d\u1eady, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cC\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 \u00edt b\u1ee5i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sen h\u1ed3ng, sen \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0 sen tr\u1eafng \u0111ang m\u1ecdc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u01b0\u01a1n ngang m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, song qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong ao n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hoa sen \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1edf hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d[34]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, ph\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea3o d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 V,[35]<\/a> \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a, c\u00e2y l\u1edbn h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e2y v\u1eeba v\u1eeba h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u1eeba v\u1eeba, c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u00edt; song qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y l\u1edbn, c\u00e2y v\u1eeba, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean xanh t\u1ed1t.<\/span> C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1eeba v\u1eeba, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u00edt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; song qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp thu, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      8.8. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t; b\u00ecnh<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, bao dung, r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u2026; \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sai kh\u00e1c, sai bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb\u2026 V\u1eady, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bao dung, r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, che ch\u1edf, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, tha th\u1ee9\u2026, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00e2n chia, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n ba ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m; th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, sau \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1ea4n theo \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o (Hinduism<\/em>) hay B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Brahmanism<\/em>), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 4 giai c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i; tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Theo lu\u1eadt M\u00e3 N\u1ed7 (M\u0101nu<\/em>) c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Brahmanism<\/em>), \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 4 giai c\u1ea5p[36]<\/a> kh\u00e1c nhau do \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean (Brahma<\/em>) t\u1ea1o ra:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Giai c\u1ea5p tu s\u0129 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n (Brahman<\/em>)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Giai c\u1ea5p d\u0169ng s\u0129 S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i (Ksatriya<\/em>)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
      3. Giai c\u1ea5p bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1 (Vaisya<\/em>), v\u00e0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
      4. Giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La (Sudra<\/em>)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n<\/span> (Brahman<\/em>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o S\u0129, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/em><\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, ch\u0103m lo nghi l\u1ec5, t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, c\u00fang t\u1ebf, giao ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea7n linh, v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i<\/span> (Ksatriya<\/em>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u0169ng s\u0129, quan quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb vai Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/em><\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, ch\u0103m lo vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i vua ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1<\/span> (Vaisya<\/em>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i… Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb h\u00f4ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, <\/em>\u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 ba trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, chuy\u00ean lo vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e1c, l\u00e0m r\u1eaby, l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn\u2026 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch cho hai giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La<\/span> (Sudra<\/em>) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb, t\u00f4i t\u1edb, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/em><\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, lu\u00f4n r\u1ee5t r\u00e8, s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00e9p n\u00e9p\u2026, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch cho 3 giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt M\u00e3 N\u1ed7 (M\u0101nu<\/em>) ph\u00e2n chia r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p \u1ea5y ra, x\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111inh<\/span> kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean<\/span>; h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf, h\u1ecd ng\u1ee7 \u1edf v\u1ec9a h\u00e8, tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 che th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng, v. v. v\u00e0 v. v. Ai cho g\u00ec th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0103n c\u00e1i n\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft c\u00f3ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebft n\u00f3ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, m\u00f9a thu v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111inh (Dalits<\/em>)[37]<\/a> n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, theo Lu\u1eadt M\u00e3 N\u1ed7 (Manu<\/em>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o th\u00ec sinh ho\u1ea1t theo giai c\u1ea5p n\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n (Brahman<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p d\u0169ng s\u0129 (S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i\/ Ksatriya<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n (Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1\/ Vaisya<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m (Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La\/ Sudra<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0103n, giao ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n ngo\u00e0i giai c\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Khi g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo hai giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n (Brahman<\/em>) v\u00e0 S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i (Ksatriya<\/em>), <\/em>th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo hai giai c\u1ea5p Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1 (Vaisya<\/em>) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La (Sudra<\/em>) ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00fam n\u00fam, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9. Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o Lu\u1eadt M\u00e3-n\u1ed7 n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo hai giai c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u, ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n, th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i nh\u01b0 hai giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t an, v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, m\u00e0u da, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Brahmanism<\/em>), B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai theo giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n (Brahman<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u1eefng ai theo giai c\u1ea5p d\u0169ng s\u0129 (S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i\/ Ksatriya<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai c\u1ea5p d\u0169ng s\u0129 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u1eefng ai theo giai c\u1ea5p bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n (Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1\/ Vaisya<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai c\u1ea5p bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u1eefng ai theo giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m (Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La\/ Sudra<\/em>), th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p trong gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 trong gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7n.<\/span> \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o (Brahmanism<\/em>), ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u00fd do h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf, gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u00fac sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n hay c\u1ee7a S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00fac thi\u1ec7n, s\u00e1t sinh h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt, khinh ch\u00ea, v\u00e0 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn, b\u1ea1n sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1ec7 S\u00e1 (Vaisya<\/em>) hay Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La (Sudra<\/em>) ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0, b\u1ea1n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n sinh trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd th\u00e2n t\u00e2m n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vun tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng sinh. Khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qu\u00fd k\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu t\u00e1i sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd sinh trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, an vui, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 2600 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u01afu Ba Li (Upali<\/em>)<\/span>,[38]<\/a> ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 h\u1edbt t\u00f3c, giai c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n; T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Sunita (Ni-\u0111\u1ec1<\/em>)<\/span>,[39]<\/a> ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. Ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 <\/span>Ambedka<\/span>,[40]<\/a> <\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n; c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nhau h\u01a1n ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Song c\u1ea3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u1eeb bi, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo giai c\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La (Sudra<\/em>) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00f4 u\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng minh hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh, thanh t\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, giai c\u1ea5p hay kh\u00f4ng giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cT\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c l\u00e0m<\/em>,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u do t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng ai thanh t\u1ecbnh ai.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, k\u1ec7 165)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, mu\u1ed1n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m theo. N\u1ebfu ai kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo lu\u1eadt M\u00e3-n\u1ed7 (Manu<\/em>) th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/span>; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, Kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft (Ud\u00e0na<\/em>), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V, ph\u1ea9m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Sona <\/em>thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh (Khuddhaka Nik\u00e0ya<\/em>) ghi r\u00f5: \u201c\u2026V\u00ed nh\u01b0 khi c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, s\u00f4ng Yamun\u00e0, s\u00f4ng\u00a0Aciracati, s\u00f4ng\u00a0Sarabh\u00f9, v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng\u00a0Mahi ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang li\u1ec1n b\u1ecf t\u00ean h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo! C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i <\/em>(Ksatriya<\/em>), B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n <\/em>(Brahman<\/em>), Ph\u1ec7 X\u00e1 <\/em>(Vaisya<\/em>), v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00e0 La <\/em>(Sudra<\/em>); <\/span>Sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, xu\u1ea5t gia trong Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sau n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d[41]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Qua \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p; \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 mang h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng, da \u0111en, da v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 da \u0111\u1ecf, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean tu h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 nhau<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 26 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111em an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u1ecb Vua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y<\/span>. Th\u1ea7y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p trong gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf, trong gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7n. Nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 nhau ngay trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7n, gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf, ai c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao, ham s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/span>.<\/em>\u201d[42]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai c\u1ea5p. Trong tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia giai c\u1ea5p; h\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean tu t\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, gi\u1eef th\u00e2n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hoa tr\u00e1i an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ni \u0110\u1ec1 (Sunita<\/em>)<\/span> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed1t ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean<\/span>; T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u01afu ba li (Upali<\/em>) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 h\u1edbt t\u00f3c \u1edf giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (Sudra<\/em>)<\/span>;\u00a0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0 (Chunda<\/em>) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n \u1edf giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 ba (Vaisya<\/em>)<\/span>; T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan \u0110a (Ananda<\/em>) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai c\u1ea5p d\u0169ng s\u0129 (Ksatriya<\/em>)<\/span>; T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (Sariputta<\/em>) v\u00e0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean (Mah\u00e0 Moggall\u00e0na<\/em>) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n (Brahman<\/em>)<\/span>; T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 V\u00f4 N\u00e3o (Angulimala<\/em>) l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng; Am Ba Ba Li (Ambap\u00e0li<\/em>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ec9 n\u1eef h\u1ea1ng sang, v. v\u2026.<\/span>. Song qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        C\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 \u2026 c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n con s\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i, ao, h\u1ed3\u2026 ch\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau, song h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean theo Ph\u1eadt, nghe ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an vui v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/span>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt,<\/span> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i vua ch\u00faa, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i, \u00dac, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, M\u1ef9\u2026Tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xong; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        9.9. Nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 2 v\u1eeba th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n qua c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh\u2026, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Con s\u1ed1 7 v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 9 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u; trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi hai con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, con s\u1ed1 7 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u2013 h\u00f4m qua (1), hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u2013 ng\u00e0y nay (2), v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai \u2013 ng\u00e0y mai (3). V\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng gian, con s\u1ed1 7 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng (4), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y (5), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam (6), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc (7); con s\u1ed1 9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ean (8) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u1edbi (9)<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1eddi gian, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 cho kh\u00f4ng gian; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tu h\u1ecdc, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n; v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho tha nh\u00e2n (tr\u00ean th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u1ecdc, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh<\/em>).<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai, t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua, ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai<\/span>; v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u1edbi; hay \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, Ch\u00e2u \u00dac, Ch\u00e2u Phi, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9,<\/span> b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o hay n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 hay n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n ra v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec3u, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/span>. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        X\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb bi, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd dung ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9, tham, s\u00e2n, si, s\u1ea7u bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u n\u00e3o… Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft, b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 vui m\u1eebng theo.<\/span> Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 vui m\u1eebng theo trong ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3u, ph\u00e1p th\u00ed, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c<\/span>; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea1n hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Qua c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u00fd ngh\u0129 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00e9o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u2013 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00fd th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 minh m\u1eabn, v. v\u2026 v\u00e0 v. v\u2026<\/span>. Khi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng; d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n theo Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng, hay M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh an trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, qu\u00fd k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a t\u00e2m linh an b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        X\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb bi, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n, khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edb gi\u1ebft, ch\u1edb b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ch\u1edb th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh vui m\u1eebng theo<\/em>.<\/span> Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, con s\u1ed1 7 v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 9 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, xin m\u1eddi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed3ng; r\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh thi\u00eang, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi r\u1ed3ng; r\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi r\u1eafn; r\u1eafn l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea9y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bay v\u00e0 phun l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Theo nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y, r\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 con v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n, c\u00f3 v\u1ea9y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 phun l\u1eeda; trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng,[43]<\/a> tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf, r\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m phun n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng phun l\u1eeda \u2013 l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si\u2026 N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si, m\u1ea1n, nghi, \u00e1c ki\u1ebfn\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Phun kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u01b0a; \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb phun d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00e1t d\u1ecbu th\u00e2n t\u00e2m qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tu t\u1eadp, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 sanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00fang sanh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y; n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb phun n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb l\u00e0m t\u00e2n ng\u1eef b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb phun; phun c\u00e1i g\u00ec, phun n\u01b0\u1edbc; n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hydr\u00f4 (hydrogen<\/em>) v\u00e0 oxy (oxygen<\/em>), vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 H2O; \u1edf trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc su\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, v\u00e0 si do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, chi\u1ebfn tranh, thi\u00ean tai, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t\u2026 l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m tham, s\u00e2n, si, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn\u2026 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra; n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp, an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb qua vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang sanh an l\u1ea1c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thanh b\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n, \u00fd ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7n; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb bi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea9m, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ecbu th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y 1\/ T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong thai m\u1eb9,[44]<\/a> 2\/ T\u1eeb x\u01b0a cho t\u1edbi nay, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai tu t\u1eadp, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0i nhi \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e2n hoan ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 tr\u0103m hoa \u0111ua n\u1edf, chim vui m\u1eebng h\u00f3t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i.<\/span> M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1ng sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, m\u1ed7i khi t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1ng sinh hay sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Ta B\u00e0 n\u00e0y su\u1ed1t 80 n\u0103m, ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, h\u1ec5 t\u1edbi m\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f9a l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n chay, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, ph\u00f3ng sinh, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb mang \u0111\u1eadm ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 theo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tu, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/span> Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e9o bi\u1ebft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb trong tr\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c thai nhi (gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thai nhi<\/span>),[45]<\/a> \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tinh th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Vua h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1ecb S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o S\u01b0 t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/span> Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u00ecn su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sinh ra d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y V\u00f4 \u01afu \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni (Lumbini<\/em>), th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Bodhgaya<\/em>), n\u00f3i b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf cho n\u0103m anh em c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (Anna Kondanna<\/em>) \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n (Deer park, Sarnarth<\/em>), v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 c\u00e2y Ta la (Sala<\/em>) \u1edf C\u00e2u Thi La (Kushinagar<\/em>). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/span> Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, k\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 98 ghi:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cHo\u1eb7c trong l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c trong n\u00fai r\u1eebng,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ho\u1eb7c trong thung l\u0169ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i cao,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o A La H\u00e1n tr\u00fa,<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n vui s\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebft bao.<\/em>\u201d[46]<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong 45 n\u0103m ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u00e0i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, ngh\u00e8o, gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp, k\u1ec9 n\u1eef, vua quan, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau\u2026 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, hi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ra.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con v\u1eadt, con s\u00e2u, con ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ecf, c\u00e2y, r\u1eebng, n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed con vi tr\u00f9ng \u1edf trong b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp t\u1eeb bi, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c trong t\u1eebng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, suy ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, khi u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i, ng\u1ee7, th\u1ee9c\u2026, Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh\u2026 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp, trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1i th\u1ea5y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, suy ngh\u0129 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh.<\/em>\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an vui, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong t\u1eebng h\u01a1i th\u1edf, \u00fd ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1ea1ch ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng cho th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn<\/span>, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 chia ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ch\u00edn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng; \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u2026 Ch\u00edn c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, t\u01b0 duy ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh\u2026 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p tu, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Khi hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, n\u1ebfm ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        K\u00ednh ch\u00fac qu\u00fd v\u1ecb an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0By Th\u00edch Tr\u1eebng S\u1ef9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Looking at the Buddha\u2019s Birthday through the Contemplative Eyes<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n