{"id":5055,"date":"2020-03-16T06:00:02","date_gmt":"2020-03-15T23:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=5055"},"modified":"2020-03-22T20:38:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-22T13:38:19","slug":"nhin-tu-trai-tu-tho-va-thien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/nhin-tu-trai-tu-tho-va-thien\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9: Th\u01a1 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea1i giam, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc gian nan. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n song s\u1eaft, thi ca v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m vui m\u1edbi cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t — c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Anh. Trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong n\u1ec1n thi ca qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Hoa K\u1ef3, g\u1ed1c M\u1ec5 T\u00e2y C\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 da \u0111\u1ecf Apache: Jimmy Santiago Baca, v\u00e0o t\u00f9 n\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed NPQ g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cA Growing Literary Genre with Deep Nonprofit Ties: Prison Literature\u201d (M\u1ed9t Th\u1ec3 Lo\u1ea1i V\u0103n H\u1ecdc \u0110ang Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi Quan H\u1ec7 B\u1ea5t V\u1ee5 L\u1ee3i: V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u00e0 T\u00f9) (1) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Eileen Cunniffe h\u00f4m 27\/2\/2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Chu Ngoc Tu Nguyen, 48 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ecb giam \u1edf Michigan t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999. Nguyen cho bi\u1ebft, anh hy v\u1ecdng th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a anh, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gian nan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb giam trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Anh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Withering Life (b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: T\u00e0n \u0110\u1eddi) c\u1ee7a Chu Ngoc Tu Nguyen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1m Thu Uy\u00ean d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng trong A World Without Cages, m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u1ed9i Asian American Writers\u2019 Workshop (AAWW), m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i b\u1ea3n doanh \u1edf New York City.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 Chu Ng\u1ecdc Tu Nguyen, b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh, do Ph\u1ea1m Thu Uy\u00ean d\u1ecbch, v\u1edbi s\u00e1u c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tonight, surrounded by the walls of a prison,
\nthere is a traveller who is hugging his sorrow.
\nMany years wandering the underworld
\nbringing misfortune to other beings
\nonly to fall into the hands of law
\none winter night, wrists in handcuffs<\/em>\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cT\u00e0n \u0110\u1eddi\u201d d\u00e0i 28 c\u00e2u theo th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t, v\u1edbi s\u00e1u c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 (b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi\/ng\u00e3, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i gieo v\u1ea7n):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam nay gi\u1eefa ch\u1ed1n lao t\u00f9
\nC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i \u00f4m n\u1ed7i s\u1ea7u
\nBao n\u0103m phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t giang h\u1ed3
\nMang ni\u1ec1m b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian
\n\u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1i m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng
\nSa c\u01a1 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p mang c\u00f2ng v\u00e0o tay\u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n tin n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, Trung T\u00e2m V\u0103n B\u00fat Hoa K\u1ef3 (PEN America) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Prison Writing Program (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh Vi\u1ebft Trong T\u00f9) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1971. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ea9m nang c\u1ea7m b\u00fat t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i thi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong t\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 250 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n vi\u1ebft v\u0103n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed San Quentin News, m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea1i San Quentin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1940. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 35 tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 ti\u1ec3u bang California.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c The Prisons Foundation \u0111\u0103ng c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 in c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp. Hay, trang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n The American Prison Writing Archive l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft phi-ti\u1ec3u-thuy\u1ebft (nonfiction) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb giam trong t\u00f9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh: Hoang Vu Tran, sinh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1972. Khi Tran m\u1edbi 7 tu\u1ed5i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh sang M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, t\u1ea1i Houston. N\u0103m 1997, Tran b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u00eau \u00e1n 60 n\u0103m t\u00f9. Tran \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb giam \u1edf Texas trong 21 n\u0103m qua.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Hoang Vu Tran nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cMy Name is Chino\u201d (T\u00ean T\u00f4i L\u00e0 Chino) \u0111\u0103ng trong tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp A World Without Cages c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i AAWW. M\u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00ean t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Chino<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eb7ng Th\u1ea3o, b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, do d\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc cao. T\u00f4i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf trung h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang vui ch\u01a1i, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m ch\u1eef ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9p ch\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i c\u1ea7m b\u00fat. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi hay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3m gay go, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p c\u00f4 n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y xa, n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4i. V\u00ec ng\u00e0y sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, t\u00f4i vi\u00eat b\u00e0i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng n\u00e0ng. T\u00f4i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Xin hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 cho t\u00f4i.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u00c1, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea5u xa, hay v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Trong th\u1eddi t\u00f4i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn, nh\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai con th\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y cha t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00fang. Khi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 hai con th\u1ecf \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, anh t\u00f4i bu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i cha t\u00f4i \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00fang r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t cha t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i ra. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ba m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1edb n\u00f3i c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n \u201cgi\u1eef th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n\u201d \u2013 do v\u1eady t\u00f4i do d\u1ef1 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb la r\u1ea7y.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, t\u00ean t\u00f4i l\u00e0 Chino. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u00e1n cho t\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i trong tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 Texas. V\u00e2ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i qu\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ch\u1eef Chino c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec7t, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, l\u1edbn l\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1eeb Houston, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n ph\u00eda nam Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong 21 n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u bang Texas ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i, hay b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam\u2026\u201d<\/em> (2) .<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9, ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u0103n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 d\u1ea1y Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i California v\u00e0 Arizona l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng University of the West, mi\u1ec1n Nam California, n\u0103m 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e1ng 6\/2018 t\u1ea1i Viet Bao Gallery \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Westminster, California, Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tuy\u00ean \u00fay v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y Thi\u1ec1n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i giam cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 California v\u00e0 Arizona, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0110o\u00e0n H\u01b0ng (SBTN) trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 2016 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i Nam California c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n, chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 Ti\u1ec3u Bang Nam Cali \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec1n cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eadt to l\u1edbn. Engaged Buddhist Alliance (EBA- t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Li\u00ean Minh Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o D\u1ea5n Th\u00e2n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 tr\u1eafng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 T\u1ef3 Kheo Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m (De Hong) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n tin ghi l\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng khi nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. Nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi di d\u00e2n sang M\u1ef9, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i l\u00e0m, b\u1ecf m\u1eb7c con c\u00e1i cho nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c em thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean m\u1edbi sang m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, n\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed x\u1ea5u trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c em d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb sa ng\u00e3, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p Hoa K\u1ef3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c mua b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u00e1n t\u00f9 t\u1eeb 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn 30 n\u0103m. T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u1ebfn 2012, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee9 3 l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0103n c\u1eafp v\u1eb7t th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e3nh \u00e1n chung th\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i danh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c em ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Theo th\u1ea7y Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m, kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 Cali l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u00c1. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn trung ni\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

EBA \u0111em \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, hay g\u1ed1c \u00c1, m\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. Kho\u1ea3ng 200 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a EBA, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c \u00c1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i sau n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc, t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u1edf trong ch\u1ed1n lao t\u00f9. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u00f2a v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, c\u0103m th\u00f9, tham d\u1ee5c\u2026 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00ecn v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, tha th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec1n trong t\u00f9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Th\u1ea7y Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n theo h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh. Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n tham gia nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 43%. V\u00e0 1 USD b\u1ecf ra cho nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 USD cho nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong chi ph\u00ed giam gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p trong t\u00f9 l\u00e0 Cuong Lu. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u01b0 s\u0129 Cuong Lu c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n: \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cThe Buddha in Jail\u201d (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Trong T\u00f9) — n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p trong t\u00f9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cuong Lu sinh n\u0103m 1968 \u1edf Nha Trang, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i H\u00f2a Lan c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1980 Lu h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 t\u1ea1i University of Leiden, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1993 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t s\u0129 t\u1ea1i L\u00e0ng Mai, Ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd. N\u0103m 2009, Cuong Lu r\u1eddi L\u00e0ng Mai, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf H\u00f2a Lan, n\u01a1i c\u00f9ng 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Buddhist Spiritual Care Program trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 H\u00f2a Lan; n\u0103m 2015, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ea1c S\u0129 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh Buddhist Spiritual Care (Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Ch\u0103m S\u00f3c Tinh Th\u1ea7n) t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vrije (\u201cFree\u201d) University \u1edf Amsterdam. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Cuong Lu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a tu v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 4 s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng H\u00f2a Lan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Cuong Lu l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean \u00fay trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 H\u00f2a Lan, n\u01a1i t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3\/tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00e2m linh\u201d trong khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Silent Center (Trung T\u00e2m T\u1ecbch L\u1eb7ng). Ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Cuong Lu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi l\u00e0 Jimmy Santiago Baca (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Baca), t\u1eeb trong t\u00f9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, trong khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khi v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u0103n, c\u00f3 khi v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Baca \u00a0sinh ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 1\/1952 t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u bang New Mexico, mang trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u M\u1ec5 T\u00e2y C\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Apache. Ba m\u1eb9 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf khi Baca m\u1edbi 2 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 (n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i) \u0111\u00f3n v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i, khi Baca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i. N\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i, Baca tr\u1ed1n ra b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, t\u1edbi n\u0103m 21 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0o t\u00f9 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ma t\u00fay. Trong khi \u1edf t\u00f9, Baca t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u01a1, g\u1eedi th\u01a1 t\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Mother Jones v\u00e0 thi t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh. Baca n\u1eb1m t\u00f9 6 n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 n\u0103m bi\u1ec7t giam. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf t\u00f9, Baca c\u0169ng b\u00e1n th\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1979, tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u201cImmigrants in Our Own Land\u201d c\u1ee7a Baca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nxb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Louisiana State University Press \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi gi\u1edd, JSB \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1eadp th\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1987, t\u1eadp th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i n\u1eeda-h\u01b0-c\u1ea5u, n\u1eeda-t\u1ef1-truy\u1ec7n nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cMartin & Meditations on the South Valley\u201d th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng American Book Award v\u1ec1 th\u01a1, v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1989 th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i Hispanic Heritage Award v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Baca m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c cho c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u00f9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baca c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng C\u1eed Nh\u00e2n Anh v\u0103n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc University of New Mexico.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2004, \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i Cedar Tree, Inc., \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong t\u00f9, xuy\u00ean qua ti\u1ec1n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i d\u1ea1y vi\u1ebft, Cedar Tree \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 2 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Cedar Tree nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Kenyon Review, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 8\/8\/2017, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Baca t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n K.E. Ogden r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp Zen c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh; t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh; t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Baca c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2p Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3\/2010 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp Upaya Zen Center, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean \u00fay nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 Buddhist Chaplaincy Program, cho bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3 n\u01a1i trung t\u00e2m UZC \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cho 13 tuy\u00ean \u00fay tr\u1ea1i giam, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n 43 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c cho ng\u00e0nh tuy\u00ean \u00fay. D\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Jimmy Santiago Baca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Upaya Zen Center.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Baca t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tuy \u00f4ng say m\u00ea c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nga, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft theo v\u0103n phong ri\u00eang trong d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chicano (M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c M\u1ec5 T\u00e2y C\u01a1), v\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f4i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vinh danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 (n\u1ed9i\/ngo\u1ea1i) c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e0y t\u1ecf kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n 1 \u0111\u00f4la\/ng\u00e0y khi g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u00f4i kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vinh danh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng v\u00ec \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf xuy\u00ean qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i th\u01a1 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 I Am Offering this Poem (T\u00f4i T\u1eb7ng B\u00e0i Th\u01a1 N\u00e0y). N\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u1eef \u201cto you\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eb7ng em\u201d hay \u201ct\u1eb7ng b\u00e0\u201d hay \u201ct\u1eb7ng b\u1ea1n\u201d\u2026 N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eb7ng em\u201d\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i T\u1eb7ng B\u00e0i Th\u01a1 N\u00e0y<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i t\u1eb7ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y cho em,<\/span>
\n v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng.<\/span>
\n H\u00e3y gi\u1eef n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u1ea5m<\/span>
\n khi m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1edbi v\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 em,<\/span>
\n hay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edb d\u1ea7y<\/span>
\n h\u01a1i l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eafn xuy\u00ean qua,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i y\u00eau em,<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng em,<\/span>
\n do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng b\u1eafp v\u00e0ng<\/span>
\n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m em \u1ea5m b\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng,<\/span>
\n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u em, \u0111\u1ec3 mang<\/span>
\n tr\u00ean m\u00e1i t\u00f3c em, \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c quanh khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t em.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i y\u00eau em,<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y gi\u1eef n\u00f3, tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/span>
\n n\u1ebfu em \u0111i l\u1ea1c, c\u1ea7n d\u00f2 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i<\/span>
\n trong hoang d\u00e3, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khi gi\u00e0 d\u1eb7n;<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 trong g\u00f3c ng\u0103n t\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a em,<\/span>
\n \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00f2i g\u1ed7 hay c\u0103n l\u1ec1u<\/span>
\n trong c\u00e2y d\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c, h\u00e3y t\u1edbi g\u00f5 c\u1eeda<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 em h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 em t\u1ef1 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda n\u00e0y<\/span>
\n ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i b\u00ean l\u1eeda n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m em c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u00f4i y\u00eau em<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1eb7ng<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong<\/span>
\n khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i kia<\/span>
\n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadn t\u00e2m d\u00f9 em s\u1ed1ng hay ch\u1ebft<\/span>
\n h\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i y\u00eau em.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Trong thi t\u1eadp \u201cImmigrants in Our Own Land and Selected Early Poems\u201d)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i th\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u0103n phong Baca, nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cInto Death Bravely\u201d (V\u00e0o C\u00e1i Ch\u1ebft M\u1ed9t C\u00e1ch Can \u0110\u1ea3m), h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf..<\/span><\/p>\n

Can \u0110\u1ea3m B\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00e0o C\u00e1i Ch\u1ebft<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01a1 JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng<\/span>
\n x\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u00e1i khi\u00ean tr\u1eafng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng<\/span>
\n qu\u0103ng r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t,<\/span>
\n b\u1ebb g\u00e3y nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y xo\u1eafn<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i h\u00fa l\u00ean<\/span>
\n n\u01a1i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Black Mesa<\/span>
\n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m.<\/span>
\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00e0ng<\/span>
\n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n gia s\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/span>
\n gia s\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u1ee7i tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm r\u01a1m<\/span>
\n \u0110\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00e0ng<\/span>
\n trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 n\u1eefa<\/span>
\n ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 \u01b0u t\u01b0, ch\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i xa<\/span>
\n k\u00e9o c\u00e1i khi\u00ean kh\u1ea3m b\u1ea1c<\/span>
\n xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y<\/span>
\n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t<\/span>
\n ch\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i<\/span>
\n v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft<\/span>
\n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch can \u0111\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

(“Into Death Bravely” t\u1eeb tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 Black Mesa Poems)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

GHI CH\u00da<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Eileen Cunniffe, NPQ: https:\/\/nonprofitquarterly.org\/a-growing-literary-genre-with-deep-nonprofit-ties-prison-literature\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Tran, AAWW: https:\/\/aaww.org\/my-name-is-chino\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PHOTO:<\/p>\n

H1:<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Jimmy Santiago Baca \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

H2:<\/p>\n

T\u1ef3 kheo Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m, tuy\u00ean \u00fay nh\u00e0 t\u00f9.<\/p>\n

H3:<\/p>\n

Cuong Lu, tuy\u00ean \u00fay nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 H\u00f2a Lan.<\/p>\n

H4:<\/p>\n

B\u00eca s\u00e1ch The Buddha in Jail c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Cuong Lu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c B\u00ean trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea1i giam, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc gian nan. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb sau c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5n song s\u1eaft, thi ca v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m vui m\u1edbi cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n. Trong c\u00e1c […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5066,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159,150,273,174,193],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5055"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5055"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5251,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5055\/revisions\/5251"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}