{"id":6171,"date":"2020-06-10T03:55:53","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T20:55:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=6171"},"modified":"2020-06-10T03:56:36","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T20:56:36","slug":"giai-cap-trong-xa-hoi-my-va-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/giai-cap-trong-xa-hoi-my-va-an\/","title":{"rendered":"Giai C\u1ea5p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u1ea4n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00edch Ph\u00e1p C\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc.<\/span>
\n\u1ea2nh d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p (class) trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 ai h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc (sociology) th\u00ec bi\u1ebft. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 chia l\u00e0m 6 giai c\u1ea5p.<\/span>
\nN\u00f3 kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 5 giai c\u1ea5p (\u1ea3nh):<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nBramin l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao nh\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m th\u1ea7y tu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/span>
\nKshatriya l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5u s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb.<\/span>
\nVaishya l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/span>
\nShudra l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb.<\/span>
\nNgo\u00e0i ra trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hindu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 Dalit b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, vi ph\u1ea1m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e9t r\u00e1c,…<\/span><\/p>\n

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Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, giai c\u1ea5p \u1edf M\u1ef9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thu Nh\u1eadp, Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec1 Nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u00fd Ph\u00e1i (Sociologists use income, education, and occupational prestige to measure social class). C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Thu Nh\u1eadp (h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m):<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. Giai C\u1ea5p C\u00f9ng \u0110inh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 12 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4 th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u1edf giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng \u0111inh hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p n\u1eefa (underclass). T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm 5% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Hoa K\u1ef3. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Qu\u1ef9 Ti\u1ec1n T\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf n\u0103m 2019, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 11,355 \u0111\u00f4. T\u1ee9c t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh th\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng \u0111inh \u1edf M\u1ef9. V\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Nga (11,162), Malaysia (11,136), Mexico (10,118), Trung Qu\u1ed1c (10,098)…T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean t\u00ednh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ee9c tranh thu nh\u1eadp v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng chi ti\u00eau \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u1edf M\u1ef9 (ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng th\u00eam ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh theo s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng GDP (PPP) per capita).<\/span>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia trong v\u00e0i nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i \u1edf M\u1ef9 (th\u00ed d\u1ee5 thi\u1ec1n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y (d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai c\u1ea5p r\u1ed3i?!).<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Giai C\u1ea5p Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng Ngh\u00e8o. Thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 19 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tay ch\u00e2n kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3u \u0103n no v\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 l\u1eadu v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (nh\u01b0ng so ra l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y v\u1eabn cao h\u01a1n m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp \u1edf qu\u00ea c\u0169). Giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm 15% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Giai C\u1ea5p Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng. Thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 36 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4. G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng rong, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian, thi s\u0129, t\u0103ng l\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o…Chi\u1ebfm 30% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Giai C\u1ea5p H\u1ea1-Trung L\u01b0u. Thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4. L\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 b\u00e1n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea1y taxi…Gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm 34% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Giai C\u1ea5p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-Trung L\u01b0u. Thu nh\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi 125 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4. G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao…Chi\u1ebfm 15% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Giai C\u1ea5p T\u01b0 B\u1ea3n. Thu nh\u1eadp tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4. G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, th\u1eeba k\u1ebf, s\u1ebfp cao trong t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n…Gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm 1% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 M\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00edch Ph\u00e1p C\u1ea9n   H\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc. \u1ea2nh d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p (class) trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 ai h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i H\u1ecdc (sociology) th\u00ec bi\u1ebft. N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 chia l\u00e0m 6 giai c\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 5 giai c\u1ea5p (\u1ea3nh): Bramin l\u00e0 […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159,304,276],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6171"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6171"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6171\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6178,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6171\/revisions\/6178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6171"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6171"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6171"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}