{"id":6651,"date":"2020-10-02T03:36:46","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T20:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=6651"},"modified":"2020-10-02T03:41:21","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T20:41:21","slug":"thanh-tuu-niet-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/thanh-tuu-niet-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n tich m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch nghi cho Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o; c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, hay n\u00f3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, l\u00e0 n\u00f3i theo th\u00f3i quen T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, khi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “to achieve Nirvana\/Nibbana” hay “to attain Nirvana\/Nibbana”… Nirvana l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, vi\u1ebft theo B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng; Nibbana, vi\u1ebft theo Nam T\u00f4ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u00ec n\u00f3i \u201cth\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u201d s\u1ebd cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c v\u00e0o. Trong v\u0103n phong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u201d hay \u201cv\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u201d th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n, v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng, hay m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda t\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1eeda v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy r\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nam T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Nagasena n\u00f3i trong Kinh Milanda V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ea1o (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh Na Ti\u00ean T\u1ef3 Kheo), n\u01a1i Ph\u1ea9m Vessantara, t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, nam, t\u00e2y, b\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ean, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi, hay h\u01b0\u1edbng ngang; Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sanh l\u00ean; Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd l\u1ebd, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, hay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, hay tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, hay k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb xen l\u1eabn kh\u1ed5<\/em>\u2026 (1)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n\u201d th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y hay nghe, v\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y hay nghe ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, kh\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 sinh di\u1ec7t, trong khi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u1ecfng, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i theo ch\u01b0 t\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng h\u1ecfng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3ng hay l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 minh b\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta quen n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n\u201d hay \u201cthi\u1ec1n t\u1ecda\u201d nh\u01b0ng \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm ri\u00eang v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i. Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, th\u00f3i quen v\u1eabn quen vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201cSitting Zen\u201d hay vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Zazen v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “seated meditation” \u2013 v\u1eabn k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 an t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 l\u00eca tham s\u00e2n si, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9, l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m\u2026 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y khi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1ch th\u0103m ch\u00f9a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c gian nan, trong khi l\u1ebd ra ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i b\u00e1n gi\u00e0, hay ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n; m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1ea1o duy\u00ean cho h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 tr\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu vin v\u00e0o ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2 t\u00ecm \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 khi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111i l\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1: trong hai nh\u00f3m Kinh trong Kinh T\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef “Nibbana” trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 “Peace” hay “Unbinding” — v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch \u201cpeace\u201d hay \u201cstate of peace\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh an\u201d hay \u201ct\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh an\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, do v\u1eady khi d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cho g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 “Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m kinh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng cho “Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” l\u00e0 “b\u1edd b\u00ean kia” hay “the far shore” hay “the way to the beyond.” T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1eef A La H\u00e1n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “b\u1eadc Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed” hay “b\u1eadc Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh” – ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 “brahman” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, theo ngh\u0129a x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t: Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh an, l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cNi\u1ebft B\u00e0n di\u1ec7u t\u00e2m<\/em><\/strong>\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Kim Cang Th\u1eeba (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng). \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01b0 Theravada kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf — ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 L\u00e2m Truy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1i Lan (Thai Forest Tradition) ph\u00eda ng\u00e0i Ajahn Chah l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m, n\u00f3i y h\u1ec7t Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed9, r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m: “Our practice is simply to see the Original Mind<\/em>.” (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng “About This Mind…” trong s\u00e1ch “A Taste of Freedom”) (2)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u01b0 Theravada kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m, do ch\u1eef n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda n\u01a1i chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u, l\u1eeda (=th\u1ee9c) t\u1eaft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i Kinh SN 12.59, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: “…ai s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh kh\u1edfi. Do th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t<\/strong> n\u00ean danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t<\/em>\u2026” (3)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujato: “When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, consciousness is not conceived. When consciousness ceases<\/strong>, name and form cease<\/em>.” (3)<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m di\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n di\u1ec7t. Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Sujato l\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ba t\u1ea1ng Kinh Pali sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/em> (consciousness — vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a). V\u00ec v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00e1i sinh, trong khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u00e1i sinh; v\u00e0 do v\u1eady, h\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hay nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1edf Kinh Ud 8.9, sau khi ng\u00e0i Dabba Mallaputta xin ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, bay l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung, d\u00f9ng l\u1eeda tam mu\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau th\u00e2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Anandajoti, \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n kinh l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe body broke up, perception ceased, \/ All feelings became cool, \/ Mental processes were pacified, \/ consciousness came to rest<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

(D\u1ecbch: Th\u00e2n tan r\u00e3, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \/ T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh \/ C\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh t\u1ecbch l\u1eb7ng \/ Th\u1ee9c an ngh\u1ec9.<\/em>) (4)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Sujato thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Theravada \u00dac ch\u00e2u, c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Abhidhamma v\u00ec cho l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong kinh n\u00e0o h\u1ebft; v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, trong khi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o n\u00f3i minh b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3 Thanissaro, thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Theravada Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn Kinh Pali sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em>.\u201d Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4t s\u1ed1 kinh n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong Kinh SN 12.64 r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 khi “n\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa<\/em>” (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Bodhi: Where consciousness does not become established and come to growth<\/em>; B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Sujato: Where consciousness is not established and doesn\u2019t grow<\/em>) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt so s\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c y nh\u01b0 tia n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u0103n nh\u00e0 3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u1edf 3 h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, Nam, \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00ec tia n\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda T\u00e2y (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda T\u00e2y), kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t), kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc)… v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. Tr\u00edch Kinh SN 12.64, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c an tr\u00fa. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c an tr\u00fa<\/strong>, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc sanh. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc sanh, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eefu t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eefu t\u00e1i sanh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh, gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/em>.” (5)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, n\u01a1i Kinh DN 11, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ee9c<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a, \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y x\u1ee9<\/em>\u201d\u2026 Tr\u00edch b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh DN 11, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y x\u1ee9<\/strong>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i, phong \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng v\u1eady d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn, t\u1ebf, th\u00f4, t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Khi th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn<\/strong><\/em>\u201d. (6)<\/span><\/p>\n

Bhikkhu Sujato kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Bhikkhu Thanissaro, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/em>\u2026\u201d v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng “true liberation is the ending of all consciousness<\/em>” (gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c). Ba b\u00e0i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Bhikkhu Sujato c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u1edf link (7).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ba c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y Theravada, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ajahn Chah n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u201cB\u1ea3n T\u00e2m\u201d (Original Mind) nghe y h\u1ec7t v\u0103n phong Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ee9c T\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Theravada c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong 2 nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi (8)<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong kinh c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con t\u00ea gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t s\u1eebng, n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c trong r\u1eebng (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n); gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Kinh Kim Cang v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 b\u1edd n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1edd kia, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Kim Cang Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, khi \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh, r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch ca \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u1edf trong ki\u1ebfp Th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 l\u00e0 b\u00f9n, l\u00e0 T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng hoa sen v\u1eabn trong s\u1ea1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean, l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh b\u1ecb che m\u1edd nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c Kinh Pali v\u00e0 Kinh A H\u00e0m, Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2 C\u01b0 s\u0129 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t qua \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Duy Ma C\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u01b0 s\u0129 nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong Trung B\u1ed9, Kinh MN 34, qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sao l\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00f2 qua s\u00f4ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u201ccon b\u00f2 c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf m\u1edbi sanh, con b\u00f2 n\u00e0y nh\u1edd ch\u1ea1y theo con b\u00f2 m\u1eb9, v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y, v\u1eeba k\u00eau, sau khi l\u1ed9i c\u1eaft ngang d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n<\/em>\u201d\u2026 d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf r\u01a1i b\u00f2 con, b\u00f2 y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i suy t\u00ednh sao cho l\u00f9a h\u1ebft qua s\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1edbi Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea9y xa th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c: B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh khi ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh, khi ch\u00fang sinh h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: T\u1ea1i sao qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn theo T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf)? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c n\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, d\u00e2m n\u1ed9 si n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft “Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, ghi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

“V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i, Duy Ma Kinh huy\u1ec1n s\u1edb, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea9m 7 “Qu\u00e1n ch\u00fang sinh”: “\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb d\u00e2m, n\u1ed9, si l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2m, n\u1ed9, si ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.” V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 n\u00eau \u00fd ki\u1ebfn: “Th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh d\u00e2m, n\u1ed9, si l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m th\u1ec3.”<\/em>…” (9)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Th\u1eafng Man \u0111\u01b0a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi, khi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (Th\u1eafng Man phu nh\u00e2n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd k\u00fd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n. Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Kim Cang Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Di\u1ec7u T\u00e2m. Tuy c\u00e1c kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1eadu t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c Kinh Nikaya v\u00e0 Kinh A H\u00e0m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ra m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5, r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 khi ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0: khuy\u00ean Thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1eeb th\u1eadp \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n, sau tr\u1eeb t\u00e1m c\u00e1i t\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1m ng\u00e0n, m\u1ed7i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 trong kh\u1ea3y m\u00f3ng tay, li\u1ec1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng, theo \u00fd ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Kim Cang Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi tr\u0103ng sao.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 38.1 ghi l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: “…\u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn s\u00e2n, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn si, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n… con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>.” (10)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (qua l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t) r\u1ea5t minh b\u1ea1ch: Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 khi th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc (ch\u1eef \u201cb\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d — nghe c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n h\u1eefu d\u01b0 sang Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00f4 d\u01b0, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi-\u0111\u1ecbnh-hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e2y, hay chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean kia n\u00fai. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i phi th\u1eddi gian (kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian), l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ngay \u1edf kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kinh AN 3.55 ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, cho th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ngay khi tham s\u00e2n si bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Khi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, n\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tham \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 t\u00e0n, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd s\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 t\u00e0n, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd si \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 t\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u<\/em>.” (11)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bodhi: “When, brahmin, one experiences the remainderless destruction of lust, the remainderless destruction of hatred, and the remainderless destruction of delusion, it is in this way, too, that nibb\u0101na is directly visible, immediate, inviting one to come and see, applicable, to be personally experienced by the wise<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1edbi c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian qu\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb lai. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh hay ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, v\u00ec \u201cth\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u201d ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ee9c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t\u201d m\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, h\u1eb3n th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, do duy\u00ean, do t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. V\u1eady th\u00ec, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, l\u00eca sinh di\u1ec7t? Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd tr\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh trong t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m (minh k\u00ednh), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 trong t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, th\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0i g\u00ec, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i n\u00e0o b\u00e1m \u0111\u00e2u (Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng: B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n v\u00f4 th\u1ee5, minh k\u00ednh di\u1ec7c phi \u0111\u00e0i, B\u1ed5n lai v\u00f4 nh\u1ea5t v\u1eadt, H\u00e0 x\u1ee9 nh\u1ea1c tr\u1ea7n ai<\/em>). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh trong t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng [chi\u1ebfu], l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i n\u00e0o b\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn t\u00e2m th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 S\u1edb Sao g\u1ecdi t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0: linh minh \u0111\u1ed5ng tri\u1ec7t, tr\u1ea1m t\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y nam b\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. \u00a0Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 S\u1edb Sao, v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt gia l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Chu Ho\u1eb1ng, ngay \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m:<\/span><\/p>\n

“CH\u00c1NH V\u0102N: B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0: Linh<\/strong> (linh thi\u00eang), Minh<\/strong> (s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t), \u0110\u1ed5ng<\/strong> (r\u1ed7ng rang), Tri\u1ec7t<\/strong> (th\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u), Tr\u1ea1m<\/strong> (trong tr\u1ebbo). T\u1ecbch<\/strong> (v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng), Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> (c\u00f2n), H\u1eb1ng<\/strong> (l\u00e2u), ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i thanh, kh\u00f4ng lui, kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi, r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn thay c\u00e1i ch\u01a1n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/em>” (12)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 S\u1edb Sao, ngay d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9: “L\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh trong, tr\u1edf tr\u00e1i l\u00e0m m\u1eb7t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ba k\u1ef3 trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/em>…” Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4i, nghe y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 h\u00f3a ra l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n phong c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u1eeba n\u00f3i, r\u1eb1ng \u201cNi\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u.\u201d<\/em> Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd t\u1edbi khi t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Kinh Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i (n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9) qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. Cu th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026 Kinh SN 34.23 ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 (The All) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: “C\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3? M\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, m\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eedi, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m x\u00fac, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/em>.” Ngo\u00e0i ra l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi v\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00ec th\u00eam n\u1eefa, th\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, theo Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, v\u00e0 theo Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 S\u1edb Sao (b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt gia Chu Ho\u1eb1ng), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ed1n trong t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 bu\u1ed9c th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t kinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nhau. Kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kotthita Sutta, c\u00f3 k\u00fd s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 SN 35.191 theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Thanissaro, c\u00f3 k\u00fd s\u1ed1 SN 35.232 theo hai b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bodhi v\u00e0 Sujato, c\u00f3 k\u00fd s\u1ed1 SN 35.228 theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u (13)<\/strong>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y (tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe…) t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i, v\u00ec tham \u00e1i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu con m\u1eaft l\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c (ki\u1ebft s\u1eed) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i… th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u00f2 \u0111en v\u00e0 b\u00f2 tr\u1eafng n\u01a1i xe b\u00f2, b\u1ecb \u00e1ch v\u00e0 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady khi g\u1ee1 \u00e1ch v\u00e0 d\u00e2y (tham \u00e1i) th\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1eaft, tai… v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe… n\u01a1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

— nh\u01b0 trong Kinh SN 35.54: “bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1eaft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch<\/em>…” (knowing and seeing the eye as impermanent, the fetters are given up…)<\/span><\/p>\n

— nh\u01b0 trong Kinh SN 35.55:\u00a0 “bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1eaft l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch.<\/em>..” (knowing and seeing the eye as not-self, the fetters are uprooted\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n “k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m” (memories and thoughts) s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 k\u00fd \u1ee9c, nh\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m. T\u1edbi khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y, nghe m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, khi k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u1eefa m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m (mastery). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujaro trong Kinh SN 35.96 vi\u1ebft: “Khi m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean: k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng s\u01b0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ch\u00fang, tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0 x\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u: ‘C\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng suy tho\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t’<\/em>.” (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd) (14)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, khi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00e0 linh minh \u0111\u1ed5ng tri\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u00e1nh r\u1ed7ng rang c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft (tai…) v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y (c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe…) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi, khi ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 Kinh Sn 5.15 n\u00f3i h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

“1119. [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt] H\u1ee1i Mogharaja, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7ng rang, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ee9ng g\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ea7n Ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/em>“ (15)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ebf (Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00ea m\u1edd phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh linh minh \u0111\u1ed5ng tri\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Di\u1ec7u T\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng rang t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Sn 4.15 trong Nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf trong Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i trong T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c949. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 qua, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng trong an t\u0129nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/em>.\u201d (16)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00eca th\u1eddi gian. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong khung th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p an t\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u00e3y xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh g\u00ec t\u1edbi s\u1eafc-thanh-h\u01b0\u01a1ng-v\u1ecb-x\u00fac-ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ngay \u1edf th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y h\u00e3y an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m n\u01a1i c\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc g\u00ec t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 ngay trong th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m sinh, ni\u1ec7m di\u1ec7t, v\u1eabn n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, v\u1eabn l\u00e0m k\u1ec7, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, v\u1eabn \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sanh di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m r\u1ed7ng rang, qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn an tr\u00fa r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng n\u01a1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Theo ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd, hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca nhau, y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e1nh g\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hai, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecb; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ngay n\u01a1i khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1i xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong Kinh Ud 3.8:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu vi. Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1eefu vi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eefu vi, n\u00ean qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1eefu vi<\/em>.” (17)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u00e0 b\u00e1m t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o (Kinh AN 1.51, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: \u00a0\u201cT\u00e2m n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i. V\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o. K\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu \u00edt nghe, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u1ea5y. Do v\u1eady, Ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu \u00edt nghe, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp.<\/em>\u201d). V\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ee5i t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng. Kinh AN 1.51 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb s\u01b0 Theravada n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m, m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 do tu m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1eddi 14, trong s\u00e1ch \u201cSamsara, Nirvana, and Buddha Nature\u201d \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n 2018, nxb Th Library of Wisdom and Compassion, n\u01a1i trang \u00a0\u00a0291 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh (Buddha Nature).<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng chung l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh. Do v\u1eady, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng nghe y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn (Kinh Ud 3.8, Kinh AN 1.51), theo Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Duy L\u1ef1c:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0110\u00e2u ng\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, \/ \u0110\u00e2u ng\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng sanh di\u1ec7t,\/ \u0110\u00e2u ng\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \/ \u0110\u00e2u ng\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, \/ \u0110\u00e2u ng\u1edd t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh hay sanh v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/em>!” (18)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng sanh di\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc xa l\u00eca tham s\u00e2n si m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i g\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng (n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n phong c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0). V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong Kinh Bahiya. Sau khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ng\u00e0i Bahiya t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y; trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe; trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng; trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri.\u2019 C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111i, Bahiya.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKhi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, n\u00e0y Bahiya, trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y\u2026 [nh\u1eabn t\u1edbi]\u2026 trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri, th\u00ec r\u1ed3i Bahiya, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 N\u00e0y Bahiya, khi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3,\u2019 th\u00ec r\u1ed3i Bahiya, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u2018trong \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 N\u00e0y Bahiya, khi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u2018trong \u0111\u00f3,\u2019 th\u00ec r\u1ed3i Bahiya, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kia, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/em>” (19)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng: n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i kia, ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1eadu (1866 – 1949) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kinh Bahiya: “Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n t\u01b0 \/ H\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0 \/ \u0110\u1ebfn nay t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0 qu\u00ean h\u1ebft \/ Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Nh\u01b0<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y v\u1ecb si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9c. Do v\u1eady, Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh. D\u1ea1y l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eaft h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh. Hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng Kinh Kim Cang. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kinh n\u00e0y ra, c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Ngay khi ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c, do v\u1eady l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 tr\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o B\u1ea3n T\u00e2m: nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m sau ch\u01b0a sanh<\/em><\/strong>. Ch\u00ednh ngay n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u01a1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a sanh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u01a1 T\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 T\u00e2m Ban \u0110\u1ea7u, hay T\u00e2m H\u00e0i Nhi, n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m. Nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a sanh kh\u1edfi, hay nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i Unkown, c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Tho\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea7u hay C\u00f4ng \u00c1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00e0i gi\u0169a hay t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a, v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1eafc-thanh-h\u01b0\u01a1ng-v\u1ecb-x\u00fac-ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf \u0110\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cGi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGi\u1eefa hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean sanh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u1edf v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/em>\u201d (20)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ngay khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m sau ch\u01b0a sanh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e0o, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tham s\u00e2n si khi kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ecbch l\u1eb7ng, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, n\u01a1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ed7ng rang c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Gi\u1eefa hai ni\u1ec7m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ban \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u; ngay n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00eca c\u1ea3 H\u1eefu v\u00e0 V\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 V\u00f4 T\u00e2m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 H\u1eefu T\u00e2m. V\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t tham s\u00e2n si. Ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh tham s\u00e2n si c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u01a1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 S\u1edb Sao: v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ba k\u1ef3 trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

GHI CH\u00da:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Kinh Milanda V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ea1o: <\/span>https:\/\/legacy.suttacentral.net\/vn\/mil6.3.9<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) A Taste of Freedom: <\/span>https:\/\/www.accesstoinsight.org\/lib\/thai\/chah\/atasteof.html<\/a> <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Kinh SN 12.59, HT Minh Ch\u00e2u: <\/span>https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.59\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 12.59, Bhikkhu Sujato: <\/span>https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.59\/en\/sujato<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Kinh Ud 8.9: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/ud8.9\/en\/anandajoti<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) Kinh SN 12.64: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.64\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) Kinh DN 11: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/dn11\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(7) Nibbana is not vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a. Really, it just isn\u2019t:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/sujato.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/13\/vinna%E1%B9%87a-is-not-nibbana-really-it-just-isn%E2%80%99t\/<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nibbana is still not Vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a: <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/sujato.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/18\/nibbana-is-still-not-vinna%E1%B9%87a\/<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nibbana remains not Vinnana:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/sujato.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/21\/nibbana-remains-not-vinnana\/<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

(8) Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a30590\/kinh-nhat-tung-so-thoi<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(9) Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt: <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a1205\/gioi-thieu-kinh-duy-ma-cat<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(10) Kinh SN 38.2: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn38.1\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(11) Kinh AN 3.55: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an3.55\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(12) Kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0 S\u1edb Sao: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p27a5725\/quyen-1-01<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(13) Kinh Kotthita Sutta, HT Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn35.228\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(14) Kinh SN 35.96, b\u1ea3n Sujato: When a mendicant sees a sight with the eye, bad, unskillful phenomena arise: memories and thoughts prone to fetters. Suppose that mendicant doesn\u2019t tolerate them but gives them up, gets rid of them, eliminates them, and obliterates them\u2026 https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn35.96\/en\/sujato<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(15) Kinh Sn 5.15: <\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p15a30626\/sn-5-15-mogharaja-manava-puccha-cac-cau-hoi-cua-mogharaja<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(16) Kinh Sn 4.15:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p15a30608\/sn-4-15-attadanda-sutta-kinh-ve-bao-luc<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(17) Kinh Udana 3.8: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/ud8.3\/en\/anandajoti<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(18) Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p16a681\/pham-tua-thu-nhat<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(19) Kinh Bahiya: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14273\/bai-phap-khan-cap-bahiya-sutta<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

(20) Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p25a27133\/giai-thoat-nam-giua-hai-tu-tuong<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c     Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n B\u00e0i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n tich m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u00edch nghi cho Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,152,159,187,273,144],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6651"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6651"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6658,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6651\/revisions\/6658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}