{"id":7265,"date":"2020-12-19T21:15:41","date_gmt":"2020-12-19T14:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=7265"},"modified":"2021-12-06T23:50:46","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T16:50:46","slug":"tinh-chat-tri-tue-va-nhan-ban-cua-dao-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/tinh-chat-tri-tue-va-nhan-ban-cua-dao-phat\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

HT. Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n

Khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0m\u00ea t\u00edn<\/span>, l\u00e0 ki\u00eam thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0\u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf<\/span><\/i>\u201d.\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00ean sinh<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1c c\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kim, h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 Trung v\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh trong\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3.\u00a0L\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc l\u00fd. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0L\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u1edf trong\u00a0Tam t\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. V\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 mong\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ea th\u00e0nh ng\u1ed9, chuy\u1ec3n ngu th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed, v\u00e0\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e0m th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u00edn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0m\u00ea t\u00edn<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed t\u00edn c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec sao sinh ra\u00a0m\u00ea t\u00edn<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0m\u00ea t\u00edn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a<\/span>, do\u00a0d\u00e2n tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a m\u1edf mang, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0thi\u00ean tai<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00fai l\u1eeda v.v… ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd y\u1ec3u, h\u1ecda ph\u00fac\u00a0tai \u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t<\/span>. C\u00e1c\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc; n\u1ebfu\u00a0x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch th\u00ec mang h\u1ecda. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec mong\u00a0ti\u00eau tai<\/span>\u00a0th\u00eam ph\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng\u00a0l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>, mong\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0vui l\u00f2ng<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea\u00a0ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u1ea7u\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0ban cho<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<\/span>; ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ham danh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecdng th\u00ec c\u1ea7u\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a03 c\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gieo nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.\u00a0Th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0linh thi\u00eang<\/span>\u00a0ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2u li\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cgieo nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o th\u00ec g\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y<\/i>\u201d. Mu\u1ed1n cho s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0gia t\u0103ng<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0canh t\u00e1c. Mu\u1ed1n cho\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp\u00a0th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c<\/span>. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i gieo c\u00e1i\u00a0nh\u00e2n trung<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u00f4ng minh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb xu n\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00e0o\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i\u00a0tham lam<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi? Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, c\u1ea7u mong\u00a0h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n th\u1edd l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 B\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c gi\u00e1c tha<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ea7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec\u00a0c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd trong c\u00e1c\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, hay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni<\/span>; ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0A-di-\u0111\u00e0,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f5i\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span>. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0V\u0103n Th\u00f9<\/span>, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span>, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0Quan Th\u1ebf \u00c2m<\/span>, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ebf Ch\u00ed<\/span>, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0\u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0Di L\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0v.v… B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0V\u0103n Th\u00f9<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1ed5 Hi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0H\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0Quan \u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0T\u1eeb bi<\/span>,\u00a0Th\u1ebf ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho H\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c,\u00a0\u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho T\u00e2m v\u00e0\u00a0Di L\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0H\u1ec9 x\u1ea3<\/span>. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0T\u1eeb bi<\/span>,\u00a0H\u1ec9 x\u1ea3<\/span>,\u00a0Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, H\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c v.v…\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0che m\u1edd, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span>. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1edd k\u00ednh c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u00f4ng phu<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n,\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00fac\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0: \u201cK\u1ef3 thay! K\u1ef3 thay! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0che l\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, th\u00ec\u00a0Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ed<\/span>, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>\u201d. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt. T\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3, \u1edf Th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, \u1edf ph\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m. N\u1ebfu ai\u00a0l\u00eca b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span>, th\u00ec\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m b\u00e1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu ra s\u1ee9c lau ch\u00f9i h\u1ebft b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m \u1ea5y th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 sau khi\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>,\u00a0l\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean: \u201cN\u00e0o ng\u1edd t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. N\u00e0o ng\u1edd t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n\u00a0kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec7t. N\u00e0o ng\u1edd t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u00e0o ng\u1edd t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng\u00a0dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. N\u00e0o ng\u1edd t\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n sinh mu\u00f4n ph\u00e1p<\/i>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o\u00a0t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u mong\u00a0tha l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o<\/span>: \u201cAi tin \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i<\/i>\u201d,\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0tin v\u00e0o\u00a0t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o: \u201cC\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3; c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng; c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia sinh; c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t<\/i>\u201d. Ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o l\u00e0: \u201cPh\u00e1p nh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb<\/span><\/i>\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0x\u01b0a nay<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu<\/span>.\u00a0V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0do\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 sinh, c\u0169ng do\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t.\u00a0Tinh t\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed5i thay, \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0tu\u00e2n theo<\/span>\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1\u00a0sinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed<\/span>, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ecd y\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u do\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t\u00a0m\u1ea3y may<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sai kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia r\u1ed3i n\u1ea3y sinh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m hay \u0111\u00e2m ra o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o\u00a0s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a b\u1ea3o: \u201cVi\u1ec7c h\u1ecda ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i<\/i>\u201d. (h\u1ecda ph\u00fac v\u00f4 m\u00f4n, duy\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ec7u). Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ta, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00faa t\u1ec3\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o\u00a0ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0gi\u00e1ng h\u1ecda<\/span>\u00a0cho ai c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00fang t\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>. Trong\u00a0th\u00e2m t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng<\/span>. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u c\u00fang\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh, h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 may \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng<\/span>. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eang s\u1ee3\u00a0qu\u1ec9 th\u1ea7n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng tin\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, n\u00ean h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 qu\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u00e0n, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5\u00a0ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span>,\u00a0bu\u00f4ng lung<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eafng thay \u0111en,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>, t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n\u00a0ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>, c\u00f3 vay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3, ai gieo gi\u00f3 th\u00ec g\u1eb7t b\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o\u00a0tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0\u00a0Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a\u00a0ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebb ngu t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eadt<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0khi ch\u00edn th\u1eadt<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebb ngu chu\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa<\/span>, 69)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p\u00a0xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p\u00a0xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>.\u00a0Xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u00e1m d\u1ed7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, n\u00ean v\u00e0o trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u1edf trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0mang\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>, \u00edt c\u00f3\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec cho\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y m\u1edbi nghe qua c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0b\u1ed1n ch\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 T\u1ef3-kheo, T\u1ef3-kheo-ni;\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u01afu-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0nam c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, \u01afu-b\u00e0-di l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>. Trong c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng, n\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, binh, y t\u1ebf\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0v.v.., nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 b\u1ecf ph\u1ebf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u00a0n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u00a0c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c<\/span>, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean,\u00a0lu\u1eadt s\u01b0<\/span>, y s\u0129 v.v… c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i, ch\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt? Tuy v\u1eady, ai d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i?\u00a0C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, tr\u00ean vai h\u1ecd\u00a0g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0i c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0vi ph\u1ea1m<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c\u00a0ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra. N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb \u0110inh, L\u00ea, L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0L\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecbnh suy<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span>, th\u00ec\u00a0tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00e0 khi\u00a0tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7\u00a0h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec\u00a0trung th\u00e0nh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0cha m\u1eb9<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i th\u00ec\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00ec\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u00edn<\/span>. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef\u00a0n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>, h\u00e0nh\u00a0Th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, tu\u00a0L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t,\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng,\u00a0t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed1n \u00e2n l\u00e0 \u00e2n\u00a0cha m\u1eb9<\/span>, \u00e2n\u00a0s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, \u00e2n\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u00e2n\u00a0th\u00ed ch\u1ee7<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a, gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdn\u00a0hi\u1ebfu trung<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb1m\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta Nh\u00e2n, Ngh\u0129a, L\u1ec5, Tr\u00ed, T\u00edn; xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu \u0111em\u00a0n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ra\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i\u00a0b\u1eeba b\u00e3i<\/span>, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n; kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a; kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u1ec5; kh\u00f4ng\u00a0n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u00edn; kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tr\u00ed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i xem nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u00a0lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m m\u00e0\u00a0xem x\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u00a0lu\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n ty\u00a0tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t.\u00a0Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y khi\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, mu\u1ed1n\u00a0s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng khi\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n\u00a0c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n<\/span>, th\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0gian nan<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Nho v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cK\u1ef7 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t d\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt thi \u01b0 nh\u00e2n\u201d (\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/i>). C\u00f2n trong\u00a0Kinh T\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ea5t Ho\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3o: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ta th\u00ec ta\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>; ta \u0111\u00e3\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u00ec sao ta l\u1ea1i gi\u1ebft h\u1ecd? Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, li\u1ec1n\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0s\u00e1t sinh<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1eafp\u00a0t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec ta\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>; ta \u0111\u00e3\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u00ec sao ta l\u1ea1i\u00a0tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, li\u1ec1n\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>. Ta \u0111\u00e3\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>\u00a0khi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c\u00a0x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u1ee3 con<\/span>\u00a0ta; ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>\u00a0khi th\u1ea5y\u00a0v\u1ee3 con<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span>, v\u00ec sao ta l\u1ea1i\u00a0x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ee3 con<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? Do \u0111\u00f3, ta\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>. Ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ai l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch b\u1ecb ai l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, v\u00ec sao ta l\u1ea1i l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i h\u1ecd? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, ta ph\u1ea3i\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/i>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t\u00a0thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0di s\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t\u00a0vai tr\u00f2<\/span>\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu<\/span>, bi\u1ebft\u00a0y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eabn nhau.\u00a0D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0di s\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecf \u0111i, r\u1ed3i th\u00e2u th\u00e1i nh\u1eefng\u00a0tinh hoa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0o\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n. Ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1\u00a0c\u0169 k\u1ef9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ee9t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec kh\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>, l\u00e0m cho\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2m v\u00e0o\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n\u00a0l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0T\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh\u00a0nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thanh s\u1eafc\u00a0l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>,\u00a0ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u xa l\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tranh \u0111\u1ea5u<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 mong sao\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Do th\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9n r\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0\u00a0ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng! N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n c\u00f3\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 qua l\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0A-nan m\u00e0\u00a0t\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi\u00a0c\u00f4ng phu s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u0169\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1c th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ec7 ti\u00ean nh\u1eadp,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhung b\u1ea5t \u01b0 th\u1eed th\u1ee7 N\u00ea-ho\u00e0n.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi\u00a0ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0con xin v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Con s\u1ebd ch\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0su\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao<\/i>?\u201d Xin th\u01b0a,\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafp\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, mu\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sinh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>.\u00a0V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u00a0gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea1n c\u00f3\u00a0l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u01a1i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd\u00a0k\u00eau c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba bi\u1ebft b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i, lao ngay xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1eaft h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u1ecfi\u00a0ch\u1ebft ch\u00ecm<\/span>. C\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>, khi\u00a0t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/span>\u00a0ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, nh\u1eb1m luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0T\u0103ng Ni<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch-ca t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cTa kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ai v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>; ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i>\u201d. v\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0\u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng b\u1ea3o: \u201cCh\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i>\u201d (Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ebft m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft\u00a0t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>). \u0110\u00f3 to\u00e0n l\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb tha<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0hy sinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p<\/span>, sang\u00a0Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ec9nh Kinh,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0800 d\u1eb7m sa m\u1ea1c\u00a0hoang vu<\/span>, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc, bao l\u1ea7n s\u1eafp b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t<\/span>\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00f9i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec ph\u00e1p\u00a0qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh<\/span>, mong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0\u00edch cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. N\u1ebfu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, xa l\u00e1nh\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/i>Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gian,<\/span><\/p>\n

b\u1ea5t ly\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c;<\/span><\/p>\n

ly th\u1ebf m\u00edch B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,<\/span><\/p>\n

kh\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u\u00a0th\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gian,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c;<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

l\u00eca th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

kh\u00e1c chi t\u00ecm\u00a0s\u1eebng th\u1ecf<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, qua nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>. V\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o,\u00a0n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea7u\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u1ea5m no<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>.\u00a0Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, ai gieo nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh th\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, ai g\u00e2y\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u,\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do\u00a0ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0hay do b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0tin r\u1eb1ng\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3<\/span>, chung c\u1ee5c s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9, hay\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f9a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n<\/span>, PL 2539<\/span><\/p>\n

PH\u1eacT D\u1ea0Y\u00a0PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P<\/span>\u00a0TU T\u1eacP<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n QUA NH\u1eeeNG\u00a0\u1ea8N D\u1ee4<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0linh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1eeba\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>, v\u1eeba\u00a0s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, mang t\u00ednh\u00a0h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 xin\u00a0gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o tha thi\u1ebft\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u00a0tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111em ra\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng<\/i><\/strong><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t\u00a0xen l\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0trong v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i, c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1, s\u1ea1n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng \u0111em v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i m\u00e1ng, r\u1ed3i d\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o, chao qua chao l\u1ea1i, r\u1eeda \u0111i r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xong, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 s\u1ea1n m\u1ecbn, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng r\u1eeda \u0111i r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i th\u00eam n\u1eefa. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh ch\u00fat \u00edt c\u00e1t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i \u0111en, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng r\u1eeda l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i cho\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng kho\u00e1ng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng b\u1ecf th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i l\u00f2, th\u1ee5t \u1ed1ng b\u1ec5, th\u1ee5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi v\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec7ng l\u00f2. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee5t \u1ed1ng b\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0tinh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, anh ta l\u1ea1i\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee5t \u1ed1ng b\u1ec5\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi mi\u1ebfng v\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0nhu nhuy\u1ebfn<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec3 v\u1ee5n,\u00a0m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec1ng v\u00e0ng,\u00a0hoa tai<\/span>, v\u00f2ng xuy\u1ebfn hay chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ecfi v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt trang \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, khi\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c\u00a0ki\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4 t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n\u00a0\u00e1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, kh\u1ea9u\u00a0\u00e1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, \u00fd\u00a0\u00e1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0 duy<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span>, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng cho\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady xong,\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c\u00a0ki\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc trung nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m, s\u00e2n t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span>, d\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. Khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>,\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span>, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c\u00a0ki\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0vi t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1\u00a0gia t\u1ed9c<\/span>, v\u1ec1\u00a0qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u1ec1\u00a0danh d\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi. Khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3\u00a0nhu nhuy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0\u00a0th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng<\/span>,\u00a0thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0v.v…\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng \u1ea5y.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0I, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea9m H\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i, \u201cK\u1ebb l\u1ecdc v\u00e0ng\u201d, tr.459-61).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ef1a<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Bhaddali thi\u1ebfu\u00a0ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0sai khi\u1ebfn<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u1ef1a:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Bhaddali,\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ef1a\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7<\/span>, khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u1ef1a \u1ea5y cho quen v\u1edbi d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby, nh\u1ea3y ch\u1ed3m, nh\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1, v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean c\u1ee9\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n,\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u1ef1a s\u1ebd l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi y\u00ean ng\u1ef1a. Khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ng\u1ef1a s\u1ebd v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby, kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean\u00a0ki\u00ean tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n,\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ef1a s\u1ebd quen v\u1edbi y\u00ean ng\u1ef1a. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n con ng\u1ef1a di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh,\u00a0\u0111i v\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0quanh, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n, ch\u1ea1y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i, phi h\u1ebft t\u1ed1c l\u1ef1c, h\u00ed vang v.v… Khi con ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp\u00a0thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp ng\u1ef1a l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trang s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c,\u00a0v\u00f2ng hoa<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0v.v…<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Bhaddali, khi con ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, n\u00f3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea5n m\u00e3, l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3, m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Bhaddali, m\u1ed9t\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00e0y Bhaddali, khi\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0Trung B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0<\/i>III,\u00a0Kinh Bhaddali<\/span>\u00a065, tr. 231-34)<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu \u0111\u00fang\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00ean d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n<\/i><\/strong><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u, g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1<\/span>, c\u00f2n\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Sona \u1edf r\u1eebng Sita c\u00e1ch\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng xa. V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>, Sona mu\u1ed1n\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. V\u1edbi\u00a0tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng<\/span>,\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft\u00a0t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, li\u1ec1n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\u00a0th\u1ea7n t\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Sona, h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i. Sona th\u00fa th\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0T\u1ef3 b\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0– v\u1ed1n l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Sona – \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Sona, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, khi c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0T\u1ef3 b\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n qu\u00e1 ch\u00f9n,\u00a0\u00e2m thanh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u00eam d\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady khi v\u1eb7n d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00f9n, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u00e2m thanh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u00eam tai kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a c\u00f3, b\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady n\u00e0y Sona, khi\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sinh\u00a0dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>; khi\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, \u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadn\u00a0d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed\u00a0qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1\u00a0c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1\u00a0th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a v\u00e2ng, b\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi\u00a0v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o,\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Sona s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c c\u01b0<\/span>,\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span>, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng:\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/i><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0III, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6 ph\u00e1p,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0VI, (I) Sona, tr.155-8).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/strong><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng,\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0kho\u00e1c y, c\u1ea7m b\u00e1t, \u0111i\u00a0kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0ngang qua n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Bh\u00e0radvaja. Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Sa-m\u00f4n, t\u00f4i c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa. Sau khi c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa, t\u00f4i\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch. V\u1eady, Sa-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa, sau khi c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa,\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa; sau khi c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa, Ta\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u00e1ch, b\u1eafp c\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfc roi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con b\u00f2 c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Gotama m\u1eb7c d\u00f9\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i: \u201cTa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa, sau khi c\u00e0y v\u00e0 gieo l\u00faa, ta\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch?\u201d<\/i><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng k\u1ec7\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n:<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng tin<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1c<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0m qu\u00ed l\u00e0 b\u1eafp c\u00e0y,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dd c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec<\/span>,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ta nh\u1ed5 l\u00ean t\u00e0 v\u1eady,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0ch\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0I, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII, II. Ph\u1ea9m\u00a0C\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, 1. C\u00e0y ru\u1ed9ng, tr.213)<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 r\u00f9a s\u1ee3 ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i<\/i><\/strong><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa n\u1ecd, con r\u00f9a v\u00e0 con ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed3i. R\u00f9a tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0ng xa, li\u1ec1n th\u1ee5t 4 ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0o trong mai, n\u1eb1m\u00a0im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0ng xa, ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f9a, li\u1ec1n \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ean,\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>: \u201cKhi con r\u00f9a n\u00e0y th\u00f2 ra b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o, ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y, b\u1ebb g\u00e3y, r\u1ed3i x\u01a1i t\u00e1i\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, con r\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng th\u00f2 ra b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean\u00a0ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>,\u00a0\u00e1c ma<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>: \u201cR\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ta s\u1ebd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft… c\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i…\u00a0\u00fd c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n<\/span>: Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0hay c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec, v\u00ec\u00a0nh\u00e3n c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0\u01b0u bi<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>, h\u00e3y\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y,\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e3n c\u0103n<\/span>. Khi tai nghe ti\u1ebfng… M\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng… L\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb… Th\u00e2n\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>… \u00dd\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0hay c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec, v\u00ec\u00a0\u00fd c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0\u01b0u bi<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>, h\u00e3y\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y,\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd c\u0103n<\/span>. \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng\u00a0h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0\u00e1c ma<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i,\u00a0ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con r\u00f9a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0IV, ph\u1ea7n 4, ph\u1ea9m 4:\u00a0R\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>, \u0111o\u1ea1n III: Con r\u00f9a, tr.184).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y kh\u00f4 m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda<\/i><\/strong><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0g\u1eb7p Aggivessana,\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i\u00a0Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0cho \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda t\u1eeb trong c\u00e2y:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Aggivessana,\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u1ea5y,\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>: \u201cTa s\u1ebd k\u00e9o l\u1eeda, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u201d. V\u1eady, anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 k\u00e9o l\u1eeda c\u1ecd x\u00e1t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u1ea5y cho s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng,\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Gotama. V\u00ec kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u1ea5y \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u00ean anh ta c\u00f3 h\u00ec h\u1ee5c k\u00e9o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y l\u1eeda c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 ly, kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0\u00a0d\u1ee5c tham<\/span>, d\u1ee5c\u00a0h\u00f4n \u00e1m<\/span>, d\u1ee5c\u00a0kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>, d\u1ee5c\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e3o<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0\u00a0th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au nh\u00f3i kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Aggivessana,\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eabm \u01b0\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbt l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia c\u1ea7m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ecd x\u00e1t l\u00e0m cho l\u1eeda\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng,\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Gotama. V\u00ec kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eabm \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y\u00a0m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 ly c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y Aggivessana,\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbt kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn,\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>: \u201cTa s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y l\u1eeda,\u00a0\u00e1nh l\u1eeda<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra\u201d. \u00d4ng ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eeda\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Gotama. V\u00ec kh\u00fac c\u00e2y \u1ea5y kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbt l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Aggivessana, nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 ly c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>…, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>; ho\u1eb7c\u00a0th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au nh\u00f3i, s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0Trung B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0I, kinh 36: Saccaka, tr.528-31)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu nh\u01b0 kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 tr\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/strong><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t thu\u1edf n\u1ecd,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Kosambi, tr\u00ean\u00a0b\u1edd s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng<\/span>, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 tr\u00f4i theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, n\u1ebfu kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o\u00a0b\u1edd b\u00ean kia<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ecm gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0phi nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ean trong, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00f4i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong bi\u1ec3n. V\u00ec c\u1edb sao? V\u00ec d\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n, tr\u00f4i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong bi\u1ec3n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5p v\u00e0o b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y…, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, tr\u00f4i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, xin\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e0\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba n\u00eau.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, b\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a06 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9\u00a0b\u1edd b\u00ean kia<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a06 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9; b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ef7 tham, b\u1ecb m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/span>, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a05 d\u1ee5c\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, b\u1ecb\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng quan h\u1ec7\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, chung vui, chung bu\u1ed3n,\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0khi h\u1ecd\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0khi h\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, t\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ecb\u00a0phi nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb7t l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>: \u201cV\u1edbi\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ecb\u00a0m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ean trong ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd\u00a0t\u00e0 gi\u1edbi<\/span>, theo\u00a0\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edd \u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0che \u0111\u1eady<\/span>; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Sa-m\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0Sa-m\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>,\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c b\u1ea9n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0IV, ph\u1ea9m 4, \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Kh\u00fac g\u1ed7, tr.185-7).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a07 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 bi m\u1eabn gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n m\u00f9a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1eeba\u00a0vui t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/span>, v\u1eeba\u00a0th\u00e2m th\u00fay<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0<\/span>; r\u1ed3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span>, h\u1ea7u\u00a0ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c;\u00a0thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea3n sinh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb6C TR\u01afNG C\u1ee6A\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong>[*]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
T<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

r\u0103n tr\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i tr\u1ea7m th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ea5t-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a \u0111\u00e3\u00a0d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0ng son nhung l\u1ee5a,\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp\u00a0k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span>, d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i\u00a0\u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Y v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>; v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm ra<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 4\u00a0Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>:\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. V\u1eady\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSinh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0xa l\u00eca<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u00edch l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh khao kh\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5;\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0(T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0\u201cCh\u00ednh\u00a0kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>,\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u01a1i kia; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t nh\u1eefng\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0(D\u1ee5c \u00e1i<\/span>: K\u00e0matanh\u00e0), khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0(H\u1eefu \u00e1i<\/span>: Bhavatanh\u00e0) v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn (V\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1i: Vibhavatanh\u00e0)\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn ch\u00ednh\u00a0kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00f3t,\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3,\u00a0bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3,\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0Di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u00e1m\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>,\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ed1n\u00a0Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y khi ch\u00fang\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0theo khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>. Hai\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba chi \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ebft\u00a0l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o, chi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u00a0ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o,\u00a0c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ebft l\u00fd tr\u00ean. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 chi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cC\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0 duy<\/span>, Ta\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>,\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, chung c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chung c\u1ee5c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, danh t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0bi quan<\/span>. N\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0bi quan<\/span>, hay\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1c quan<\/span>;\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf gi\u1eefa hai\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi b\u1ea3o\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0bi quan<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Theo\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u00e1ch khoa c\u1ee7a Anh,\u00a0t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf m\u1ee5c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan<\/span>, vi\u1ebft:\u00a0\u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u00a0bi quan<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, ch\u00fang\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1ea1c quan<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1c quan<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. B\u1ea3o n\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a bi quan<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, theo \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh\u00a0mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eedu\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>.\u00a0Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong khi ta\u00a0mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1ng qua nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>, t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 l\u00e0m sao! Theo\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n h\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng mong c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n\u00a0vui t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0hoan h\u1ef7<\/span>, v\u00ec h\u1ef7 (piti<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>, con c\u00e1i,\u00a0vinh quang<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>, do\u00a0\u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp<\/span>, chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u00ecn ch\u00fang\u00a0quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi, th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0cho k\u1ebb\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00ecm\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3.\u00a0Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f2n\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc theo\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00ec th\u1ebf,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0\u00a0minh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng\u00a0nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0l\u00f2ng tin<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0xa l\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0l\u00f2ng tin<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0uy danh<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh su\u1ed1t 2500 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u n\u00e0o v\u00ec\u00a0nh\u00e2n danh<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0quy\u1ec1n uy<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c hay nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch<\/span>. Tuy v\u1eady,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0\u00a0truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alodux Husley vi\u1ebft:\u00a0\u201cTrong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p<\/span>,\u00a0ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t<\/span>, th\u1ea9m tra ai c\u1ea3\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Hu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbc Rusell\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cTrong nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>, t\u00f4i th\u00edch\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n c\u1ea3,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0Upali, m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Nigantha Nataputta,\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nghe\u00a0Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng\u00a0hoan h\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec b\u00e0y\u00a0t\u1ecf \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cN\u00e0y\u00a0gia ch\u1ee7<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, \u00f4ng n\u00ean\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd\u00a0t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t\u00a0vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Upali th\u01b0a:\u00a0\u201cB\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu con\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng k\u00eanh con, r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i quanh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng: \u201cM\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a y v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i theo<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i khuy\u00ean con h\u00e3y\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3. Qua\u00a0\u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, con c\u00e0ng\u00a0vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>,\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa, con xin\u00a0quy y Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0quy y Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quy y<\/span>\u00a0T\u0103ng\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0khai ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng<\/span>,\u00a0soi s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u1ea5m \u00e1p\u00a0to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi hai\u00a0tia s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>;\u00a0h\u00e0o quang<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p trong bi\u1ec3n\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng\u00a0uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cB\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c con n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c con kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u kia\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ee7 l\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc r\u1ec5\u00a0s\u00e2u xa<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>. Theo\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebb h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n hay cao qu\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do gi\u00f2ng d\u00f5i m\u00e0 do\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0Giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u00e0u da kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m\u00a0c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0gia nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi, k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c, g\u00e1i\u00a0giang h\u1ed3<\/span>, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0gia nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Upali, th\u1ee3 h\u1edbt t\u00f3c, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u01b0u th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>. Sunita, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn c\u00f4 v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169\u00a0T\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0A-la-h\u00e1n. Angulimala, t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>. Alavaka ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0quy y Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh. C\u00f4 g\u00e1i\u00a0giang h\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0Ambapali\u00a0gia nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0A-la-h\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0\u00a0th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong\u00a0Tam t\u1ea1ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, m\u00e0u da hay\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0n\u00e2ng cao<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0Ni gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p\u00a0n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 xem h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea9m t\u00ednh\u00a0y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0\u00a0n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0cho h\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Gi\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0cho s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Danh t\u1eeb P\u00e0li l\u00e0\u00a0Matug\u00e0ma<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00f4i khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 hay\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0danh d\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o\u201d (param\u00e0 sakh\u00e0<\/i>) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n\u00a0v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9\u00a0nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t\u00a0b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0khi h\u1ecd tr\u00e1ch\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9\u00a0ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i\u00a0thu nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 l\u1eddi\u00a0c\u1ea7u xin<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0di m\u1eabu<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec1u-\u0111\u00e0m-di (Pajapati Gotami<\/i>) v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ef3-kheo-ni. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t (Sariputta<\/i>) v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean (Moggallana<\/i>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m hai\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0Gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ef3-kheo,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c A-la-h\u00e1n Khema v\u00e0 Uppalavann\u00e0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0trong h\u00e0ng n\u1eef\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u01b0u t\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp n\u1ecd, vua Kosala kh\u00f4ng\u00a0h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0hay tin<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0ng\u00a0h\u1eadu sinh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua: \u201cTh\u01b0a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 g\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t nam nhi!\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o\u00a0qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng<\/span>, l\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gia nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>. Trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>; c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu, nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span>, c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\u00a0qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c<\/span>, c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i\u00a0giang h\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, d\u00f9\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7\u00a0thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>, c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec1m\u00a0an \u1ee7i<\/span>,\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng h\u00edt th\u1edf b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng\u00a0giam h\u00e3m<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c t\u00fap l\u1ec1u tranh hay n\u01a1i cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m\u00a0s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, khuy\u00ean\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u1ea5t b\u00f2 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ed9t sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0qu\u00fd b\u00e1u<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u00e0u da hay gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. Trong\u00a0S\u1eafc d\u1ee5 khoan h\u1ed3ng<\/i>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 \u1ea5y,\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c Kinh Ti\u1ec3u\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0(Culla Vy\u00f9ha and Mah\u00e0 Vy\u00f9ha<\/i>), vua A-d\u1ee5c (Asoka<\/i>) n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eafng nghe\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin theo\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb s\u01a1 hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n,\u00a0k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span>\u00a0hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0c\u00f9ng \u0111inh<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0qua s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ecnh\u00a0huynh \u0111\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0xem to\u00e0n\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 qu\u00ea m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0anh ch\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0em m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0khoan dung<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>,\u00a0hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong s\u1ed1\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: nghi\u1ec7p hay\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, thuy\u1ebft\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0Buddhism in a Nutshell<\/i>\u00a0<\/i>c\u1ee7a Narada Thera)<\/span><\/p>\n

NGUY\u00caN NH\u00c2N<\/span>\u00a0L\u00c0M CHO<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1edcI TR\u1ea6N H\u01afNG TH\u1ecaNH<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n
B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o khi\u00a0xem qua<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ebb vang<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.\u00a0Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eed h\u1ecdc\u00a0x\u01b0a nay<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0kia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t ra cho m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ra. Sau \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0xin n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u00a0d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean th\u00eam\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c anh minh,\u00a0nh\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span>, y\u00eau d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n<\/i><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Nguy\u00ean Phong th\u1ee9 ba (1925) vua Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (1225-1258) l\u1eadp ra Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafp t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span>, Chu C\u00f4ng,\u00a0M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00e0 v\u1ebd tranh 72 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd. (\u0110\u1ea1i\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0K\u00fd To\u00e0n Th\u01b0<\/i>, t\u1eadp II, Nxb. KHXH H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1985).<\/span><\/p>\n

Qua\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa, th\u1ea5y r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf. V\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb\u00a0Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Nho h\u1ecdc,\u00a0qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/span>, t\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c\u00a0tha t\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng C\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e0ng\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n xo\u00e0i do vua ban, Ho\u00e0ng C\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e0 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169 khi qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn. Sau khi tan gi\u1eb7c, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i x\u1eed t\u1ed9i C\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e0, vua n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cT\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e0 th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ta. Nay\u00a0tha t\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ebft, cho \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c\u00a0l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i.\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(S\u0111d – 26)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c anh minh,\u00a0nh\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vua, s\u1eed gia Phan Huy Ch\u00fa (1782 – 1840) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:\u00a0\u201cThi\u00ean t\u00ednh vua r\u1ea5t\u00a0nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu<\/span>, tin d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1ec5 nghi<\/span>,\u00a0h\u00ecnh lu\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng khen<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ee3i\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(L\u1ecbch Tri\u1ec1u\u00a0Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 (1726 – 1780):\u00a0\u201cM\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau vua\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, n\u00ean\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, l\u1ea1i\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u\u00a0n\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ch Kh\u00f3a H\u01b0 L\u1ee5c, m\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh s\u01a1n l\u00e2m, coi\u00a0s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 nhau, tuy\u00a0\u00fd t\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u2018kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch\u2019 m\u00e0 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed th\u00ec xa r\u1ed9ng, cao si\u00eau; cho n\u00ean b\u1ecf ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u nh\u01b0 tr\u00fat \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e9p n\u00e1t\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0(Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ti\u00eau \u00c1n \u2013 quy\u1ec3n III).<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng qua\u00a0\u00fd ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a hai s\u1eed gia tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u00e2n dung<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua khai s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (1258 – 1278). \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua cha. Khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf d\u1ea1 y\u1ebfn, vua c\u00f9ng \u0103n chung v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u\u00a0t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t<\/span>. H\u00f4m n\u00e0o tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec vua t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu d\u00e0i ng\u1ee7\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng cung<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e2n m\u1eadt<\/span>. Vua t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00fa qu\u00fd v\u1edbi anh em trong h\u1ecd. Tuy b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ng\u00f4i T\u00f4n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong th\u00ec ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt. Lo th\u00ec c\u00f9ng lo, vui th\u00ec c\u00f9ng vui. C\u00e1c khanh n\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00fac mu\u00f4n n\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu x\u00e3 t\u1eafc\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d – 35).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0gia t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua\u00a0c\u01b0 x\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1eadu m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n vua c\u0169ng\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0khoan dung<\/span>. Khi qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o kinh th\u00e0nh, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u00f2ng\u00a0giao thi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c. \u0110\u1ebfn khi gi\u1eb7c r\u00fat, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u h\u00e0ng gi\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i khui ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0ph\u1ea3n tr\u1eafc<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng (l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng) sai \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0(S\u0111d – 63).\u00a0T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cH\u1ecdp qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n \u1edf B\u00ecnh Than, \u0111\u00e3i ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o \u1edf Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026\u00a0Ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0khi \u0111i Ch\u00ed Linh,\u00a0V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1i Than, B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng l\u00fac con thuy\u1ec1n l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh d\u00f9ng b\u00e1t\u00a0c\u01a1m h\u1ea9m<\/span>, vua t\u00f4i,\u00a0cha con<\/span>, v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng lo sao cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 qua c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ti\u00eau \u00c1n<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1eed th\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean: \u201cVua\u00a0trung hi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span>, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec1n, tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o, cha khai s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, con\u00a0k\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0sau, c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eady<\/i>\u201d (\u0110\u1ea1i\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0K\u00fd To\u00e0n Th\u01b0<\/i>, t\u1eadp II, tr. 28).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n hi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0thu ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0tin y\u00eau,\u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb<\/span>.\u00a0N\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0vua cha,\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i x\u00e3 t\u1eafc l\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (1279 – 1293), \u00f4ng c\u0169ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0minh qu\u00e2n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi\u00a0nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4:\u00a0\u201cVua b\u1ea9m th\u1ee5\u00a0tinh anh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span>,\u00a0h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1o, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng,\u00a0th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>, th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng\u2026.\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f2a nh\u00e3<\/span>, c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f9ng h\u01b0ng\u00a0s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span>, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc vua\u00a0hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(S\u0111d \u2013 tr. 42). Khi Toa \u0110\u00f4 thua tr\u1eadn T\u00e2y K\u1ebft, b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ta gi\u1ebft, \u0111em \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng vua, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u Toa \u0110\u00f4, vua\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u00f4i n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0R\u1ed3i c\u1edfi \u00e1o b\u00e0o b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u Toa \u0110\u00f4, sai qu\u00e2n \u0111em li\u1ec7m ch\u00f4n.\u00a0C\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y v\u1eeba\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0phong \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed5 v\u0169\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e2n s\u0129\u00a0h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fac ng\u1ef1 ch\u01a1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p gia \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, vua th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u0103m h\u1ecfi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 s\u0129 qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cNg\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ec7 s\u0129\u00a0t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng khi\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2m n\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr. 66).\u00a0Bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee9a gia \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea7u,\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9\u00a0y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3\u00a0k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>,\u00a0v\u1ecb tha<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0\u00a0v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1293 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i cho con l\u00e0 Anh T\u00f4ng (1293 – 1314). Sau khi\u00a0l\u00ean ng\u00f4i<\/span>, Anh T\u00f4ng v\u00e2ng di ch\u00fac Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, g\u1ea3\u00a0c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span>\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e2n cho ch\u00faa Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ebf M\u00e2n (1306). Vua Chi\u00eam d\u00e2ng hai ch\u00e2u \u00d4, L\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00ednh l\u1ec5.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Anh T\u00f4ng v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edn, v\u1eeba g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi l\u00e2n bang, v\u1eeba m\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u00f5i cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, l\u1ec5 r\u01b0\u1edbc linh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd m\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1eadt c\u1ea3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, qu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0xua \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea5y d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tan. Vua sai\u00a0Tr\u1ecbnh Tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0T\u1eed gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. Tr\u1ecdng T\u1eed b\u00e8n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n, chia ra l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7, h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac Long ng\u00e2m, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1 \u0111ua nhau \u0111\u1ebfn xem, nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1\u00a0an tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf l\u0103ng Quy \u0110\u1ee9c. Qua\u00a0c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u00f2ng\u00a0\u00e1i m\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean l\u00e0m\u00a0Th\u00e1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng cho m\u1eddi Hu\u1ec7 T\u00fac V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o cung\u00a0\u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn<\/span>. V\u1ed1n hay\u00a0b\u00e0i x\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt, L\u00e3o, th\u1ea5y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111ang\u00a0\u0103n chay<\/span>, Hu\u1ec7 T\u00fac V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cTh\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0103n chay<\/span>,\u00a0\u0103n chay<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o c\u00f3\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n bi\u1ebft \u00fd \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n d\u1ee5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng cha ta\u00a0ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0103n chay<\/span>, cho n\u00ean ta b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i\u201d<\/i>. Hu\u1ec7 T\u00fac\u00a0im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, lui ra (s\u0111d \u2013 tr.114).\u00a0L\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Anh T\u00f4ng sao m\u00e0 th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu v\u00e0\u00a0cung k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn khi Minh T\u00f4n (1314 – 1329) l\u00ean n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i vua, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua\u00a0nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu<\/span>,\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ebb vang<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng. C\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua v\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7u Kh\u1ea3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m Hi\u1ec7u Kh\u1ea3\u00a0ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0vua gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n Anh T\u00f4ng, vua bi\u1ebfn s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t, ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch:\u00a0\u201cAi m\u00e0 khen ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n cha, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i ra l\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.112).\u00a0C\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u1eeba t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eddi Ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7u Kh\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng s\u1edb n\u00f3i l\u00e0 trong d\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng lang thang t\u1edbi gi\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu s\u01b0u d\u1ecbch, thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Vua n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh? Ng\u01b0\u01a1i mu\u1ed1n ta tr\u00e1ch ph\u1ea1t h\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.137).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a vua th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean s\u1eed th\u1ea7n Phan Phu Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khen ng\u1ee3i:\u00a0\u201cMinh T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea9m t\u00ednh\u00a0nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu<\/span>,\u00a0n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh<\/span>, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.137).<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1362 \u0111\u1eddi vua D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng (1314 – 1369), \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb\u00a0thi\u00ean tai<\/span>,\u00a0m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a<\/span>, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1edf kho l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n g\u1ea1o \u0111em ph\u00e1t cho d\u00e2n. Ai \u0111au \u1ed1m th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t cho hai vi\u00ean h\u1ed3ng ng\u1ecdc s\u01b0\u01a1ng, hai ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hai th\u0103ng g\u1ea1o (s\u0111d \u2013 tr.141). \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nghe l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n (1726 – 1784):\u00a0\u201cN\u00e9t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i cho con\u00a0<\/i>(s\u0111d – tr.169)\u2026\u00a0Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3i ng\u1ed9\u00a0s\u0129 phu<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c<\/span>,\u00a0h\u00f2a nh\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed\u00a0t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp<\/span>,\u00a0h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0cao si\u00eau,\u00a0v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m\u00a0r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1ch s\u1eed, tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed5 v\u1edbi tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t. \u00d4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi sau<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0theo k\u1ecbp<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! T\u1eeb b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u (nh\u00e0 L\u00ea) v\u1ec1 sau\u00a0phong \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y n\u1eeda!\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c<\/i>, Nxb. KHXH, 1977, tr. 258).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh\u00a0v\u0103n v\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n t\u00e0i<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

a. Gi\u1ecfi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 gi\u1ecfi, c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a hay, v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa, t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u1ea3 n\u1eeda ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o l\u00e0\u00a0\u00edt khi<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ba l\u1ea7n sang\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u1ea3 ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00ea th\u1ea3m<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng\u00a0l\u1eebng l\u1eaby<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng\u00a0s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdi\u00a0s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch: 1. D\u00f9ng th\u1ee7y chi\u1ebfn giao tranh v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c; 2. D\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c binh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd; 3. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n\u00a0\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>; 4. D\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n\u00a0b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh; 5. Ch\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e0m l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh th\u00ec ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf<\/span>. Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 (? – 1339)\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c binh \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn V\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1287,\u00a0Nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0H\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh\u00a0th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i v\u0169ng \u0110a M\u1ed7, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1288, qu\u00e2n ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh n\u00e0y qu\u00e2n ta\u00a0to\u00e0n th\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng oanh li\u1ec7t, thu 400 thuy\u1ec1n gi\u1eb7c, b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi v\u00e0 T\u00edch L\u1ec7 C\u01a1,\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Chi\u00eau L\u0103ng, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

“X\u00e3 t\u1eafc hai phen lao ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e1,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Non s\u00f4ng\u00a0mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eefng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3”.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.60)<\/span><\/p>\n

b. Gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea3\u00a0v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecfi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i\u00a0v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u0129. \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau \u0111\u00e2y trong b\u00e0i\u00a0H\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1232 – 1300) ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m k\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cHu\u1ed1ng chi ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i sinh ra th\u1eddi\u00a0lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c<\/span>, g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed5i\u00a0gian nan<\/span>. Tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i ngh\u00eanh ngang ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00fa di\u1ec1u m\u00e0\u00a0l\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111em th\u00e2n d\u00ea ch\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t\u00a0T\u1ed5 ph\u1ee5<\/span>; th\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh\u00a0H\u1ed1t T\u1ea5t Li\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0tham kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng, gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u V\u00e2n Nam v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 thu b\u1ea1c v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e9t c\u1ee7a kho c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u0111em th\u1ecbt m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3i, tr\u00e1nh sao kh\u1ecfi tai v\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 sau!\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTa th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi b\u1eefa qu\u00ean \u0103n, n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam v\u1ed7 g\u1ed1i, ru\u1ed9t \u0111au nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u00eca; ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eadn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u1ebb th\u1ecbt, l\u1ed9t da, \u0103n gan u\u1ed1ng m\u00e1u qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, d\u1eabu cho tr\u0103m th\u00e2y n\u00e0y ph\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i n\u1ed9i c\u1ecf, ngh\u00ecn x\u00e1c n\u00e0y g\u00f3i trong da ng\u1ef1a, ta c\u0169ng cam l\u00f2ng\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Th\u01a1\u00a0V\u0103n L\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n<\/i>, t\u1eadp II, quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Nxb. KHXH, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1988, tr. 392).<\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u0103n nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3i tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3\u00a0li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi\u00a0nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Quang Trung v\u1ec1 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nhi\u1ec7m:\u00a0\u201cNg\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u1eddi Nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong l\u1eddi di ch\u00fac\u00a0l\u00e2m chung<\/span>, H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi vua Anh T\u00f4ng;\u00a0\u201cVua t\u00f4i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng<\/span>, anh em\u00a0h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn<\/span>, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00f3i\u2026 N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u1ed3 \u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda to gi\u00f3 t\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1\u2026 Ph\u1ea3i\u00a0g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n\u00a0cha con<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebf g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u r\u1ec5 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eady\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0(S\u0111d \u2013 tr.397)<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n\u00a0cha con<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o (1255 – 1320) \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00d4ng s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t\u00a0b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u0129 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng cam c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd g\u1ecdi \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed chi binh<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr. 562).\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i l\u00e0m th\u01a1, trong b\u00e0i\u00a0Thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0i<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng to\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t h\u00f9ng kh\u00ed ng\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00faa gi\u00e1o non s\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i m\u1ea5y thu,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ba qu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f9ng kh\u00ed \u00e1t sao Ng\u01b0u.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng danh<\/span>\u00a0nam t\u1eed c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ee3,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Lu\u1ed1ng th\u1eb9n tai nghe chuy\u1ec7n V\u0169 H\u1ea7u<\/i>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0S\u1eed L\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>– Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng l\u1eabm li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Quang Kh\u1ea3i (1241 – 1294)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u00e1o gi\u1eb7c,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0m T\u1eed b\u1eaft qu\u00e2n th\u00f9;<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Non n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn thu<\/i>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(S\u0111d \u2013 tr.114)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Quang Kh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt (1255 – 1330) th\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t\u00a0am t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft r\u00e0nh\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Do \u0111\u00f3 khi Tr\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c M\u1eadt \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 Giang l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n, \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean l\u00ednh h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng tr\u1ea1i gi\u1eb7c,\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng<\/span>. Gi\u00e1c M\u1eadt v\u00ec\u00a0c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em c\u1ea3\u00a0gia thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0xin h\u00e0ng, khi\u1ebfn cho\u00a0ba qu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1eabn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e0i x\u00f4ng pha tr\u1eadn m\u1ea1c, v\u1eeba gi\u1ecfi binh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1nh D\u01b0 (? – 1339). Khi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch\u00a0V\u1ea1n Ki\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0T\u00f4ng B\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0Truy\u1ec1n Th\u01b0<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:\u00a0\u201cPh\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u00e0y tr\u1eadn; gi\u1ecfi b\u00e0y tr\u1eadn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n giao chi\u1ebfn; gi\u1ecfi giao chi\u1ebfn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i; kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(\u0110VSKTT, 11, 82). \u0110\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0s\u1edf d\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i ki\u00eam\u00a0v\u0103n v\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec:\u00a0\u201cVua l\u1eadp ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc,\u00a0t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u1ec1 v\u0103n, d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u00e0 t\u1eadp v\u00f5, c\u1ea3 v\u0103n l\u1eabn v\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb\u00a0r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eafm\u201d<\/i>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi\u00a0nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 trong\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t S\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ti\u00eau \u00c1n<\/i>. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp:\u00a0\u201cCho n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau, Trung Ng\u1ea1n, Nh\u1eadt Du\u1eadt, Ng\u0169 L\u00e3o, n\u1ed1i nhau\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. V\u0103n Trinh v\u00e0 H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0\u00a0danh Nho<\/span>,\u00a0danh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eebng l\u1eaby<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n v\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eady\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0m\u00a0vinh d\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea7u, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n d\u00f2 x\u00e9t\u00a0t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u00e8n sai \u0110\u1ed7\u00a0Kh\u1eafc Chung<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn xin\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>, \u00d4 M\u00e3 Nhi\u00a0c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00fac m\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0Kh\u1eafc Chung<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn\u00a0b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd \u00d4 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a y: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u1edf v\u00e0o\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb uy hi\u1ebfp m\u00e0 l\u1eddi l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u2026 gi\u1ecfi\u00a0\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ee5c m\u1ec7nh vua, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, ch\u01b0a d\u1ec5 m\u01b0u t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>“. (s\u0111d \u2013 tr.51) T\u00e0i\u00a0\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0lanh l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi (1284 – 1361) khi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111i s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m 1308. L\u00fac\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd\u00a0th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0i h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn khi v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u,\u00a0nh\u00e2n l\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i d\u00e2ng qu\u1ea1t, vua Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quan l\u00e0m b\u00e0i v\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi li\u1ec1n c\u1ea7m b\u00fat vi\u1ebft xong b\u00e0i v\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0ng tan \u0111\u00e1, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00f2, ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Y, Chu\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Nho<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00f3 b\u1ea5c\u00a0c\u0103m c\u0103m<\/span>, m\u01b0a tuy\u1ebft m\u1ecbt m\u00f9, ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Di, T\u1ec1, \u0111\u00f3i xo.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d4! \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0m, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf th\u00ec n\u1eb1m co, ch\u1ec9 ta d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ru!<\/i><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(S\u0111d \u2013 tr. 93)<\/span><\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00f3, vua t\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n vua Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 phong cho \u00f4ng l\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean (Tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1p c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i giao ta sang s\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean n\u0103m 1292. Khi v\u00e0o th\u0103m c\u00e1c quan h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9nh, th\u1ea5y Chi\u00eau\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u00cdch T\u1eafc ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1p ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eeba \u00cdch T\u1eafc, \u00cdch T\u1eafc h\u1ecfi:\u00a0\u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p \u1edf nh\u00e0 Chi\u00eau \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 sao?\u201d<\/i>. \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1p:\u00a0\u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u00ean bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p cho Chi\u00eau \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng nay l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 B\u00ecnh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0x\u01b0a kia<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 con vua, m\u00e0 nay l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng gi\u1eb7c<\/i>\u201d (s\u0111d \u2013 tr.66). \u00cdch T\u1eafc c\u00f3 v\u1ebb\u00a0h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng khi \u0111i s\u1ee9 sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, m\u00e0 l\u00fac sang s\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3\u00a0th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7<\/span>. Theo\u00a0nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh,\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0khi v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea1y ch\u00faa Chi\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0. Nh\u01b0ng khi Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, l\u00fac v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn b\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u00e1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00faa Chi\u00eam:\u00a0\u201cT\u1eeb khi s\u1ee9 Thi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u mang chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0Thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0sang,\u00a0xa c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0long nhan l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, nay m\u1edf chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t\u00a0Thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span>, n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea1y chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d.\u00a0<\/i>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n ta sang Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1y vua Chi\u00eam n\u1eefa (s\u0111d – 86).\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng khen:\u00a0Nh\u1eef H\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111i s\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c l\u00e2n bang ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh n\u1ec3,\u00a0th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i\u00a0th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n th\u1eadt l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu<\/span>, c\u00e1c vua \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb con c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0khi t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u00a0l\u00e2m nguy<\/span>.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, Ho\u00e0i V\u0103n H\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c To\u1ea3n h\u1eadn m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p\u00a0tham d\u1ef1<\/span>, ph\u1ea9n kh\u00edch, b\u00f3p n\u00e1t qu\u1ea3 cam \u0111ang c\u1ea7m trong tay l\u00fac n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3\u00a0lui v\u1ec1<\/span>, huy\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng gia<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f4, s\u1eafm s\u1eeda v\u0169 kh\u00ed, d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean s\u00e1u ch\u1eef: \u201cPh\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u00e2n\u201d. (Ph\u00e1 gi\u1eb7c m\u1ea1nh,\u00a0b\u00e1o \u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0vua<\/i>); r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n, x\u00f4ng pha \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c (S\u0111d – 46).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng Quang Kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n \u00edt th\u00e2n nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec\u00a0hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed1i nghi \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0g\u1eb7p nhau<\/span>, b\u00e8n t\u1eafm cho nhau. H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cH\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d.\u00a0<\/i>Quang Kh\u1ea3i c\u0169ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cH\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafm cho\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0T\u1eeb \u1ea5y t\u00ecnh ngh\u0129a qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng th\u00eam\u00a0\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n m\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0(\u0111sd \u2013 tr.70).<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn:\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, t\u00ecnh\u00a0gia t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0keo s\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ecdc\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0x\u01b0a nay<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u00edt th\u1ea5y c\u00f3\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh\u00a0gia t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n nh\u01b0\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh<\/i>, ti\u1ebfng h\u00f4 th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00f4 l\u00e3o t\u1ea1i\u00a0H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng\u00a0tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0cao,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0d\u00e3 t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1eed th\u1ea7n h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGi\u1eb7c H\u1ed3 v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hai vua hi\u1ec7p m\u01b0u, b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n, h\u00e1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch g\u00ec ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c hay sao m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ban y\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o? L\u00e0 v\u00ec Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t\u00a0l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u00a0nghe l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ee5 h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m k\u00edch\u00a0h\u0103ng h\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean th\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a nu\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1eddi hay v\u1eady\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(\u0111sd \u2013 tr.44).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0Nguy\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1eed\u00a0hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c,\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o\u00a0l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n? Trong d\u00e2n gian\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:\u00a0\u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng, chia r\u1ebd s\u1ee5t s\u00f9i th\u00ec ch\u1ebft\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0Th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, nh\u00e0\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>, quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00ec m\u1edbi\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0tu\u00e2n theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1225 th\u1ebf gi\u1eb7c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh, qu\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i\u00a0lui v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean M\u1ea1c, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n d\u1eddi thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Th\u00e1i s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 (1194 – 1264) h\u1ecfi k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c. Th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u0111ang\u00a0lo l\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, xin b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eebng lo g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(\u0111sd \u2013 tr.26).<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u1eeba khi\u1ebfn cho Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng\u00a0y\u00ean l\u00f2ng<\/span>, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00f2ng\u00a0d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a\u00a0ba qu\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i\u00a0c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng. Khi qu\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean \u0111ang\u00a0r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o kinh th\u00e0nh, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng\u00a0gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng: \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng th\u00f4i\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cB\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y h\u00e0ng\u201d.\u00a0<\/i>V\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c vua Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi\u00a0t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p t\u1ec9nh b\u01a1: \u201cN\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c nh\u00e0n<\/i>\u201d (s\u0111d \u2013 tr.57).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, c\u00f3\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0gia t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng lo toan chu \u0111\u00e1o, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec\u00a0c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span>, t\u1ef1 tin.\u00a0K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0anh h\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c<\/span>,\u00a0v\u0103n v\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0song to\u00e0n. V\u1eeba t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o\u00a0t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u1eefng l\u00f2ng<\/span>, qu\u00e2n s\u0129 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi. Ba l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0Nguy\u00ean, c\u00f4ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf.\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e2u:\u00a0\u201cAnh h\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed?\u201d<\/i>\u00a0M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n gi\u1edf l\u1ea1i trang s\u1eed xem,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi\u00a0x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eabm li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0anh h\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>, t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eb1ng\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0v\u0103n nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef ri\u00eang cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 manh nha t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. B\u00e0i\u00a0V\u0103n t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u<\/i>\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Thuy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. \u00d4ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i v\u0103n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ebf c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a\u00a0H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng\u00a0ban cho<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd H\u00e0n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0n Thuy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc b\u00e0i v\u0103n \u1ea5y nay th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i l\u00e0\u00a0C\u01b0 tr\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00fa<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1eafc th\u00fa\u00a0l\u00e2m tuy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ca<\/i>;\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Quang<\/span>\u00a0(1254 – 1334) c\u00f3\u00a0V\u1ecbnh V\u00e2n Y\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u00fa<\/i>; t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n M\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi c\u00f3\u00a0Gi\u00e1o t\u1eed ph\u00fa<\/i>. May thay c\u00e1c \u00e1ng v\u0103n n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0trong kho t\u00e0ng\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua Minh T\u00f4ng (1314 – 1329) v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng L\u00ea Qu\u00e1t, Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, vua n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ri\u00eang, Nam B\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u1ebfu nghe theo k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng c\u1ed1t\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.138).<\/span><\/p>\n

Vua Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng (1370 – 1372) c\u0169ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cTri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ef1 c\u00f3\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 v\u00ec Nam B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nhau. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u1ecb (1358 – 1369) k\u1ebb h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00e2m \u00fd khi l\u1eadp ra\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, cho n\u00ean \u0111em\u00a0ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169 c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0\u00a0y ph\u1ee5c<\/span>,\u00a0ca nh\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nay, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi Khai Th\u00e1i (1324 – 1329)\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u1ea5t\u00a0gia nh\u00e2n<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c h\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3\u00a0l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n<\/span><\/i>).\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1i\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eb7c khi \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft! Bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0danh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecdng th\u00e9t l\u1edbn:\u00a0\u201cTa th\u00e0 l\u00e0m qu\u1ef7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.51). L\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y v\u1eeba\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean\u00a0danh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, v\u1eeba t\u1ef1 g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ed3n thi\u00eang s\u00f4ng n\u00fai\u00a0th\u00e2n y\u00eau<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Li\u1ec5u (1211 – 1251) v\u1ed1n \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u00fd\u00a0hi\u1ec1m o\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, n\u00ean khi\u00a0l\u00e2m chung<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7m tay Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u. Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n\u00a0th\u1eed l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0hai k\u1ebb\u00a0t\u00f9y t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 D\u00e3 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Y\u1ebft Ki\u00eau, Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n b\u00e8n \u0111em l\u1eddi cha d\u1eb7n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi hai \u00f4ng. Hai \u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p:\u00a0\u201cL\u00e0m k\u1ebf \u1ea5y tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa qu\u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01a1\u00a0mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span>. Nay\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00fa qu\u00fd hay sao?\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ec1 xin\u00a0ch\u1ebft gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0gia n\u00f4<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung hi\u1ebfu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.77). Qu\u1ed1c Tu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0danh t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng\u00a0d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 k\u1ebb\u00a0t\u00f9y t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, \u00edt h\u1ecdc m\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, c\u00f3\u00a0ngh\u0129a kh\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0li\u00eam khi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec9nh Chi v\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u00ednh thanh<\/span>\u00a0li\u00eam, n\u00ean\u00a0gia th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0thanh b\u1ea1ch<\/span>. Vua th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban \u0111\u00eam mang 10 quan ti\u1ec1n b\u1ecf v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng. H\u00f4m sau v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng c\u1ee9\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2u l\u00ean vua vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y; vua b\u1ea3o:\u00a0\u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eadn, khanh c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.108).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ec1 t\u00f4i th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0li\u00eam khi\u1ebft<\/span>, nh\u00e0 vua th\u00ec\u00a0quan t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n. \u00d4i, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh vua Th\u00e1nh, t\u00f4i Hi\u1ec1n hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3!<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 Chu V\u0103n Trinh (? – 1370) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn<\/span>, c\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb, gi\u1eef b\u1ec1n\u00a0ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7u danh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ee3i. Khi d\u00e2ng Th\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3m s\u1edb (s\u1edb xin ch\u00e9m 7 t\u00ean n\u1ecbnh th\u1ea7n<\/i>) l\u00ean vua D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng (1314 – 1369), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y vua\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, \u00f4ng b\u00e8n gi\u0169 \u00e1o t\u1eeb quan, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1i khoa, gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5\u00a0tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea1m S\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh, L\u00ea Qu\u00e1t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh Khi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2; khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m th\u1ea7y th\u00ec l\u1ea1y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng th\u1ea7y th\u00ec m\u1eebng l\u1eafm. Ai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t th\u00ec \u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u00eam tr\u00e1ch; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u00e1t \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng cho g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o qua l\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1eed th\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5:\u00a0\u201cV\u0103n Trinh th\u1edd vua r\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn<\/span>,\u00a0can ng\u0103n<\/span>, xu\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00e0m theo\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f4ng khanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf c\u1eeda \u00f4ng m\u00e0 ra,\u00a0ti\u1ebft th\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec\u00a0Thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hu\u1ed1ng chi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00eam, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i l\u1eabm li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 b\u1ecdn n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee3. Ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau nghe\u00a0phong \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho k\u1ebb\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau ngoa<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh\u00a0li\u00eam ch\u00ednh<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft\u00a0t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0hay sao?\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean c\u1edb th\u00ec ai bi\u1ebft\u00a0th\u1ee5y hi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Nho n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em th\u1edd v\u00e0o V\u0103n mi\u1ebfu v\u1eady\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(s\u0111d \u2013 tr.153).<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc t\u00f4i Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00f4n tri\u00a0tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0noi theo, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i\u00a0k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean kia t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed h\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, v\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i><\/b><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n\u00a0bia ch\u00f9a<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u00ean Ph\u00fac, L\u00ea Qu\u00e1t\u00a0than phi\u1ec1n<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cC\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft h\u1ecda ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt sao m\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf! Tr\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n<\/span>, h\u1ec5 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u00ec d\u00f9 h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a, h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a, d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m\u00a0h\u00e2n hoan<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m mai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u1eeb trong kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2u ph\u1ee7, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i th\u00f4n c\u00f9ng ng\u00f5 h\u1ebbm, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ra l\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng\u00a0tu\u00e2n theo<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec1 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang. H\u1ec5 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00f9a h\u01b0 n\u00e1t th\u00ec s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i chu\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda d\u00e2n c\u01b0. S\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0S\u1eed Lu\u1eadn<\/i>\u00a0– I – Nguy\u1ec5n Lang – tr.413).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 v\u0103n\u00a0bia ch\u00f9a<\/span>\u00a0Khai Nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau (? – 1354) vi\u1ebft:\u00a0\u201cT\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7n\u2026 V\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i u nh\u00e3 thanh k\u1ef3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(Th\u01a1\u00a0V\u0103n L\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n-II. th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr.748).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy hai nh\u00e0 Nho Si\u00eau, Qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u00f3 \u00fd\u00a0ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u01a1ng khanh, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0l\u00ea d\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c\u00a0t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp\u00a0nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span>.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u00a0Kh\u00f3a H\u01b0 L\u1ee5c,\u00a0Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u1eef L\u1ee5c<\/span>, Tam T\u1ed5 Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0v.v\u2026\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o\u00a0tri\u1ec3n khai<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>,\u00a0sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u\u00a0thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

a.\u00a0Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0hai ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 Trung Hoa,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0dung h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n\u00a0Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Y\u00ean T\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 khai ph\u00e1.\u00a0K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng,\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m Y\u00ean T\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0<\/i>m\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5. V\u1ecb\u00a0T\u1ed5 s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u00e1p Loa<\/span>\u00a0(1284 – 1330) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Quang<\/span>\u00a0(1254 – 1334) c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp tay nhau xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y th\u00eam\u00a0r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo s\u00e1ch\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Tri\u1ec1u\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ea3n H\u1ea1nh<\/span><\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e2n Nguy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0(1647 – 1726) th\u00ec\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 hai\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0Trung Hoa l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Phong v\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e0nh sang\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. Hai \u00f4ng sang\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 v\u00ec\u00a0nghe tin<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

b.\u00a0Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vua Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1eeba lo vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh, v\u1eeba\u00a0h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng, s\u1ef1\u00a0tu h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi\u00a0sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1eeba d\u1ef1 y\u1ebfn, v\u1eeba b\u00e0n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u1ec1n<\/span>;\u00a0Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129<\/span>\u00a0(1230 – 1291) th\u00ec\u00a0h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m;<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng th\u00ec\u00a0C\u01b0 tr\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ung dung<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u1eddi vui \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee9\u00a0t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0103n, m\u1ec7t ngh\u1ec9 li\u1ec1n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ebfm,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eb7ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecfi chi Thi\u1ec1n?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(VNPGSL, I, NL, tr.316)<\/span><\/p>\n

c.\u00a0Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u00e1c vua Tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\u00a0Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0dung h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0Tam gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean<\/i>. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp v\u0103n mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd\u00a0Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0(551 – 479 tr.TL) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

d.\u00a0Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n, T\u1ecbnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0Kh\u00f3a H\u01b0 L\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0(Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec3n T\u00f9ng San. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, 1943)\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng v\u1eeba b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0tham Thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3a\u00a0l\u1ec5 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1u th\u1eddi trong m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0\u00a0T\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. Trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u1eef L\u1ee5c<\/span><\/i>\u00a0– d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n\u00a0Ng\u1eef L\u1ee5c<\/span>, n\u1eb7ng\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng Tu\u1ec7 Trung v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Di-\u0111\u00e0 \u1ea9n\u00a0\u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

v\u00e0 trong\u00a0C\u01b0 tr\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i>, Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng\u00a0trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1edb c\u00f2n ng\u1edd h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Di-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng soi,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecdc t\u00ecm v\u1ec1\u00a0C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span><\/i>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

e<\/i><\/b>. \u00cdt d\u00f9ng\u00a0M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, chu\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1\u00a0trong s\u00e1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd pha tr\u1ed9n nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n T\u1ef3-ni-\u0111a-l\u01b0u-chi, c\u00e1c\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng\u00a0di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u m\u01b0u, tr\u1ecb b\u1ecbnh, v.v\u2026 Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc sang \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i\u00a0M\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u00e1p Loa<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5\u00a0Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0(Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng) sau khi\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>,\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u ph\u1ee7, khuy\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd sinh\u00a0th\u1ef1c kh\u00ed<\/span><\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Tam T\u1ed5 Th\u1ef1c L\u1ee5c<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>; t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 vua s\u00e1ng, t\u00f4i hi\u1ec1n, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0h\u00f2a m\u1ee5c<\/span>, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng, tr\u00ean t\u1eeb\u00a0Thi\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span>, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1ee9 d\u00e2n<\/span>, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9\u00a0th\u01a1 ng\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng v\u00ec d\u00e2n, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong m\u1ecdi\u00a0l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ngo\u1ea1i giao,\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang.\u00a0M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5<\/span>, l\u1ea5y\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vua Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu<\/span>. H\u1ecd v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0uy\u00ean th\u00e2m<\/span>. H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u00a0nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, l\u1ea5y\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0trung t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n ra tr\u1eadn khi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u00a0l\u00e2m nguy<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0thanh b\u00ecnh<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/span>, trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u01af\u1ee2C\u00a0GI\u1ea2I TH\u00cdCH<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0[\u2020]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1\u00a0<\/i><\/b>Bhikkhu<\/i><\/b>\u00a0Khantipalo<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef3-kheo Khantipalo (1932 -?) t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Laurence Mills, Anh Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ea7y Khantipalo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i London,\u00a0th\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 Hammalawa Saddhatissa Maha Thera (1914 \u2013 1990), sau \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo Buddharakshita,\u00a0th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1961.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, Th\u1ea7y Khantipalo \u0111\u00e3\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo Buddharakshita v\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1961. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf v\u1edbi T\u1ef3-kheo Sangharakshita – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. Sau khi \u1edf t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba n\u0103m, Th\u1ea7y Khantipalo sang Th\u00e1i Lan, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i theo\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1973, Th\u1ea7y Khantipalo sang \u00dac v\u00e0 gi\u00fap\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Wat Buddharangsee \u1edf Stanmore, Sydney. N\u0103m 1978, Th\u1ea7y Khantipalo c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ayya Khema\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean Wat Buddha Dhamma \u1edf Wisemans Ferry n\u1eb1m ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Sydney. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Th\u1ea7y Khantipalo \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i Victoria, \u00dac.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eadp s\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0ba ph\u1ea7n.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span><\/i>\u00a0d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

NG\u01af\u1edcI\u00a0PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/span>\u00a0TIN NH\u1eeeNG G\u00cc<\/strong>?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay h\u1ecfi, khi h\u1ecd m\u1edbi\u00a0ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 90% d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tin\u00a0L\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt D\u1ea1y<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3, th\u1eadt ra, n\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong\u00a0b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p th\u00ec s\u1ebd\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ec3n\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0lo \u00e2u<\/span>. Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00ec b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, ch\u1edb n\u00ean\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Trong khi\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>,\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng. Trong khi\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0–\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3\u00a0l\u00f2ng tin<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 trong khi\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e0ng\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span>, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec sao\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Th\u1ef1c Ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>:\u00a0To\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ngay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ta l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y<\/i>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>, n\u1ebfu l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0mang t\u00edch c\u00e1ch l\u00e0\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0su\u00f4ng.\u00a0L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0su\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>, qua nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span><\/i>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n.\u00a0L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00fap\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0mang l\u1ea1i cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n,\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.\u00a0L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y mai, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ki\u1ebfp sau<\/span>\u00a0(xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/i>).\u00a0L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi\u00a0sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (xem ph\u1ea7n 3<\/i>). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0L\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u1ee9 Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1i\u00a0Gi\u00e1o \u0110i\u1ec1u<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0(ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>).\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady,\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0cho nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u0103n c\u01a1<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>, hay nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i:<\/span><\/p>\n

a. \u0110\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, hay l\u00e0<\/span><\/p>\n

b. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span><\/i>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Gotama \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0trong khi\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi).\u00a0\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y,<\/i>\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, h\u1ec5\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba Ng\u00f4i B\u00e1u<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec? H\u1ecd c\u00f3\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Th\u00e1nh ch\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>). Khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, nh\u01b0 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc kinh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u0101li c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng\u00a0v\u0103n xu\u00f4i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u. Trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tu\u00e2n theo<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng (\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i). Khi\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a hay s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u, v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0T\u00f4n K\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i V\u1edbi Nh\u1eefng B\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>. Trong khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0hay l\u00e0\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>. V\u00ec\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec1n; h\u1ecd\u00a0ban cho<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y qu\u00ed b\u00e1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qua s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd; h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>.\u00a0C\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0(ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0trong th\u1eddi nay l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>) v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n; do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Trong\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, th\u1ef1c d\u1ec5\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, m\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u0169ng\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>, ch\u00fang\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00fai l\u1ea1y n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i theo<\/span>\u00a0nhau. Ba c\u00e1i l\u1ea1y n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>,\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea5u b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn,\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1\u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn lao, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ai\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00fang D\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0N\u01a1i\u00a0Ph\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0cung k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0duy tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, hay n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba th\u1ee9\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, hoa v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (\u0111\u00e8n), khi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng c\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. Trong khi \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean c\u00e2y n\u1ebfn hay\u00a0ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>:\u00a0Mong r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>. T\u1eeb\u00a0ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, c\u00e2y h\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ba c\u00e2y) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp l\u00ean v\u1edbi l\u1eddi\u00a0c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>:\u00a0Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ecfa ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u1ecfa ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/i>\u00a0R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay ch\u1eafp l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, \u0111\u1ee7 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y mai ch\u00fang s\u1ebd\u00a0h\u00e9o t\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con.<\/i>\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y,\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n\u00a0bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>,\u00a0n\u00e2ng cao<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng d\u00e2ng c\u00fang\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>,\u00a0l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u00edn th\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba v\u1eadt\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u: Hoa,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0hoa sen<\/span>,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. V\u00ec\u00a0hoa sen<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb\u00a0b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 tanh h\u00f4i, m\u1ecdc l\u00ean trong nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>.\u00a0Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean\u00a0l\u00e1 sen<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i \u1edf trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y d\u00f9 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0hoa sen<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i hoa kh\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.\u00a0Ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y n\u00f3\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0soi s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi\u00a0ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103m c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0thay\u00a0th\u1ebf cho<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>. Trong\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1ecfa ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0hay b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, trong khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang T\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o s\u1ef1\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang T\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi n\u00e0o\u00a0T\u0103ng ch\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u00ec sao\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00f9 cho c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u01b0 trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i), v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng (kh\u00f4ng\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0su\u00f4ng hay nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean gi\u1eefa kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 n\u00e0y trong s\u1ef1\u00a0to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0–\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/span>, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch h\u00f3a c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ai? \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0(xem<\/i>\u00a0ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0T\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i>). Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ba-la-m\u1eadt, trong khi s\u1ef1\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y (xem s\u1ef1\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>), v\u00e0\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0qua\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e0i c\u00f3\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Gotama \u0111\u00e3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gotama<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Gotama, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong\u00a0d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch ca<\/span>, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 N\u00e9pal Terai. Ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn thu\u1ed9c\u00a0d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch ca<\/span>, t\u1ee9c vua\u00a0T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0(Raja King<\/i>). M\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma-ha Ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 (Mahamaya<\/i>\u00a0devi<\/i>).\u00a0L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng, khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3n sinh t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni (Lumbini<\/i>) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra,\u00a0b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0c\u1eadu b\u00e9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc r\u1ea5t\u00a0phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\u00a0ti\u00ean tri<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e0i m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta (Prince Siddhattha<\/i>) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>: ho\u1eb7c\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb\u00a0ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>; ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>,\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0(Supreme Enlightenment<\/i>), Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0\u00a0ti\u00ean tri<\/span>.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (v\u00ec l\u00e0\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng), l\u1ea1i th\u00edch\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n\u00a0th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee9 hai;\u00a0T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly<\/span>. Khi ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed l\u1edbn l\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t sinh<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0minh xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>. Trong\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn\u00a0xung quanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i\u00a0m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u00eam trang<\/span>, suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u00e0\u00a0b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean vua nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y. Do v\u1eady nh\u00e0 vua\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta\u00a0vui ch\u01a1i<\/span>\u00a0trong ba t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong ba c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i cho m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a: m\u00f9a n\u1eafng, m\u00f9a m\u01b0a v\u00e0 m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh.\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, th\u00e2y ma (th\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft<\/span>), hay\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0du ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span>, ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi Gia-du-\u0111\u00e0-la (Yasodhara<\/i>), m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch ca<\/span>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vua cha, S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1\u00a0xa hoa<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby. Nh\u1eefng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i vang l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c\u00a0ca s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0ki\u1ec1u di\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. Ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c \u00eam d\u1ecbu, vang r\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 theo ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng \u1edf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0\u00a0qu\u00fd ph\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0trong \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i g\u00ec th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngay \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7n gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua,\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Bodhisatta<\/i>), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb\u00a0c\u00e1m d\u1ed7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>, lo\u1ea1i\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia (khi Ng\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 30 tu\u1ed5i),\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta\u00a0y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u00a0qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span>. Khi \u1ea5y, ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh\u00a0trang ho\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ea5p r\u00fat<\/span>,\u00a0d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb d\u00f9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2y ma, ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb du s\u0129. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 vua cho l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u: \u201cD\u00f9 cho h\u00f4m nay ta kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n<\/span>; d\u00f9 cho h\u00f4m nay ta tr\u1ebb trung v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed1c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0suy y\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i\u00a0tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0<\/span>; d\u00f9 cho h\u00f4m nay ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e1c th\u00e2n n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ch\u1ebft.<\/i>\u201d V\u00e0, khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t du s\u0129\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>,\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0:\u00a0\u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/i>\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta \u0111\u00e3\u00a0x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ra l\u1ec7nh\u00a0b\u00e3i b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0quay v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u0169 n\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m lay chuy\u1ec3n ni\u1ec1m\u00a0\u01b0u t\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0tha thi\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u,\u00a0c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/span>\u00a0Da-du-\u0111\u00e0-la sinh m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 trai, khi\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tin \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean:\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta<\/i>. V\u00e0 do th\u1ebf, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 La-h\u1ea7u-la (Rahula c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>). T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0nghi th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ec5 t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ho\u00e0ng cung<\/span>, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9\u00a0xa hoa<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2y ph\u1ee7 Ng\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3\u00a0y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn\u00a0ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i; m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu con trai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng \u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>. Ngay h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, khi m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam bu\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y, sau c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a con\u00a0th\u00e2n y\u00eau<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang ng\u1ee7, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a Ki\u1ec1n-tr\u1eafc (Kanthaka<\/i>), v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe l\u00e0 Xa-n\u1eb7c (Channa<\/i>)\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0khu r\u1eebng\u00a0hoang vu<\/span>, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ecdc theo\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0(Gangetic<\/i>). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean l\u01b0ng ng\u1ef1a. \u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng\u00a0hoang v\u1eafng<\/span>, c\u00e1ch xa l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c\u00a0d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch-ca (Sakiya<\/i>), Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1a, c\u1eaft m\u00e1i t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, giao l\u1ea1i cho Xa-n\u1eb7c \u00e1o m\u0169\u00a0sang tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i kho\u00e1c b\u1ed9 y v\u00e0ng may t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0xem l\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0kh\u1ea5t s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0du h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0thu nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o Xa-n\u1eb7c\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0ng cung<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u00e1o tin cho vua\u00a0T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0hay nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng\u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c\u00a0s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0khi Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111i, con ng\u1ef1a Ki\u1ec1n-tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111au l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i\u00a0xa l\u00eca<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Gotama, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111i tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. D\u00f9 cho Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi hai\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1 cao m\u00e0 hai\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9<\/span>\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Gotama\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u1ee9 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>. Trong\u00a0s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0g\u1eafng t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tham gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xem Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i khi n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd trao l\u1ea1i\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y cho h\u1ecd. \u1ede nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng treo nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u1ee9c tranh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y<\/i>.\u00a0B\u1ee9c tranh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0th\u1ecb phi<\/span>, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9c Gotama bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1\u00a0tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m, s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng n\u00fai\u00a0hoang vu<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i tha ma, ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7\u00a0d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n<\/span>; Ng\u00e0i\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eafm r\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o; Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1edfi\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9a h\u00e8 ch\u00f3i chan\u00a0gi\u1eefa ban ng\u00e0y<\/span>, b\u1ecb gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh trong khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng phi<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0n t\u1ea1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n\u00a0da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ai h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\u00a0hy sinh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0cao t\u1ed9t,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec7n nghi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>. V\u1edbi\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng theo Ng\u00e0i trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecf \u0111i, g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb\u00a0th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed<\/span>, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea7n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (Bodhi Tree<\/i>)\u00a0danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, n\u01a1i \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0(Buddha Gaya<\/i>). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam r\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng Visakha (th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 hay\u00a0trong v\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1ng n\u0103m). Gotama, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1eafp\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean n\u1ec7m c\u1ecf\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng\u00a0ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1edbi l\u01b0ng th\u1eb3ng, ch\u00e2n\u00a0ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 hai tay ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1eafp v\u1ebf (nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan).<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0m cho\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0(Jhana<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>), b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0linh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng m\u00e0n t\u1ed1i\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u00e1c ma<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0\u00e1c ma<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng Gotama c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u00a0C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u1edf Th\u00e1i,\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m\u00a0\u00e1c qu\u1ef7<\/span>,\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 qu\u00e1i v\u1eadt \u0111ang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n\u00a0h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng<\/span>; c\u00e1ch xa tr\u00ean ch\u00fang, Gotama ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 cao v\u1edbi\u00a0v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng n\u1eef ma tr\u1ebb trung \u0111ang nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa,\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1m d\u1ed7<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng\u00a0d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0ki\u1ec1u di\u1ec5m<\/span>. \u1ede b\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ef1c\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>, qua s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0\u00c1c ma<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng\u00a0vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m. Gotama \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1ed5\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>,\u00a0\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng thi\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0(t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>). Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, l\u00e0m suy k\u00e9m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c,\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, khi Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 qui t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho Ng\u00e0i d\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0suy gi\u1ea3m<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u00e1m d\u1ed7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1\u00a0dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp c\u0169 x\u01b0a, s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, hay\u00a0ganh gh\u00e9t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Khi \u1ea5y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0an \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0trong su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0pha l\u00ea<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ba minh:<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh<\/span>\u00a0(knowledge of past lives<\/i>). Minh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0trong s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y hay ch\u1ed7 kia. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi s\u1ef1\u00a0sai khi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0do nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o lui\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0(khi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb\u00a0thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ean l\u00e0 Setaketu),\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Tu-\u0111\u1ea1i-noa (c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Th\u00e1i Lan bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau<\/span>). Tr\u1edf\u00a0lui l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0ba \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi, m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi, ngang qua nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0xa x\u01b0a, khi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u1ea9n s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n Tu\u1ec7, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t\u00a0th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>: \u201cMong r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia t\u00f4i c\u0169ng\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0uy l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang c\u00f3!\u201d V\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf lui v\u00e0 lui m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khuya h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy r\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Gotama ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd sinh ra trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 n\u00f3\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ebd\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u00e0ng nh\u1ec7n\u00a0r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa ba th\u1eddi, khi \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang hay r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m<\/span>\u00a0khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, v\u00ec sao ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0trong v\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00eam\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9 b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf hay\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eafp s\u1eeda\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0\u00a0danh ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd vang l\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Gotama, b\u1eadc\u00a0to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c<\/span>, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh thu\u1ed9c\u00a0d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch ca<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>, ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1 tan. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n,\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ebd\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00f9 t\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>, v\u00ec c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n trong ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>.\u00a0L\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1eadu<\/span>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec (th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi n\u00f3), v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0\u00a0l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0sinh t\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0(h\u1eefu l\u1eadu<\/span>): lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>,\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft hay l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>.\u00a0L\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>, hay\u00a0thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec l\u1ed1i\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c\u00a0l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm, b\u00ecnh minh v\u1eeba l\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e1t v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c,\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u00f3i r\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng \u201ct\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Gotama, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea9n s\u0129<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y Gotama m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i,\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c.\u00a0Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t\u00a0hoan h\u1ef7<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0thanh b\u00ecnh<\/span>, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u00e2n hoan<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i, khi Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng\u00a0thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00ecn c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang n\u1ed5i ch\u00ecm tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, trong c\u01a1n\u00a0d\u00f4ng t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0sinh t\u1ed3n<\/span>. Th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, l\u00f2ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa sen<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eebng n\u1edf trong t\u00e2m Ng\u00e0i; tuy v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ee5i trong \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/i>, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0cho v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n. R\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c uy\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh Ba-la-n\u1ea1i (Benares), Ng\u00e0i b\u00e8n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, Ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t du s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Upaka, b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat b\u1edfi\u00a0dung m\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Du s\u0129 \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i, ai l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 theo h\u1ecdc\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0(theo\u00a0truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span>), Ng\u00e0i\u00a0d\u00f5ng d\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u00f4 \u00fay<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ta s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3,\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eed vong<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ta t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y ta, ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ta)?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai b\u1eb1ng ta.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ai h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khao kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e1t l\u1ea1nh.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh K\u0101si, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh\u00a0l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed1ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ta,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ta, m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00e1c ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Upaka, ta l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Xem Middle length saying\u00a0<\/i>1, 171)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, Upaka v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 Ng\u00e0i, trong khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0thong dong<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 K\u0101si t\u1ea1i Ba-la-n\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i\u00a0b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/span>, b\u00e0i\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>. N\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0\u1ea9n s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0n\u0103m\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3\u00a0D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u<\/span>, trong khi nghe\u00a0Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span>) t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng thung l\u0169ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Gotama\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 35 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 45 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. Ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u201cv\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0cho c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. C\u00e1c\u00a0m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y,\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0cho vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4 g\u00e1i\u00a0giang h\u1ed3<\/span>, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0103n xin, cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebb\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0Ni gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0theo s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0di m\u1eabu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Gotama, b\u00e0 Ma-ha Ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 (Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati<\/i>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>,\u00a0s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c\u00a0d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00edch ca<\/span>\u00a0(Sakiya). C\u1ea3 hai\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai mong mu\u1ed1n\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng (bao gi\u1edd) c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u00e0u da\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0gia nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0hay s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 80 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ee9c Gotama\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. T\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong ba th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n,\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Kusin\u00e0ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn, sau khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\u00a0ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2y quanh Ng\u00e0i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ecb c\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0s\u0129. Trong s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span>\u00a0ngay c\u1ea3\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c than m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0y\u00eau k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t, cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0bao l\u00e2u n\u1eefa s\u1ebd\u00a0m\u1ec7nh chung<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n qua hai\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>: \u201cKhi Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c con kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c con h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0cho c\u00e1c con\u201d. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, trong khi Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0thanh tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y Ta-la n\u1edf r\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0hoa th\u01a1m<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u201cH\u00e3y nghe, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, ta khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0tan ho\u1ea1i, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tay m\u1eb7t,\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>, nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng\u00a0hoa th\u01a1m<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eebng c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2y Ta-la r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e2y quanh Ng\u00e0i gi\u1eefa\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e0ng sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5\u00a0tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p t\u00f4n tr\u00ed X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i.\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c<\/span>, v\u1ecb\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, c\u1ed5 v\u0169\u00a0tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.700 n\u0103m tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t khai sinh ra n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u00edch Lan<\/span>, N\u00e9pal, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan, Cam-b\u1ed1t, L\u00e0o, Afghanistan, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u00e1,\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>,\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c,\u00a0Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span>,\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>,\u00a0M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5<\/span>, Siberia, Indonesia. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Alexandria, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Cyprus b\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u1eddi T\u00e2y, Trung M\u1ef9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p b\u1edfi\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh,\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ra ngo\u00e0i\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. T\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf t\u1ea1i Nakorn Pathom.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi,\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0quay v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i c\u00e1ch nay h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Gotama ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa<\/span>, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u1edf ra cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ai t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n\u00a0t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y: \u201c\u0110\u1eebng \u0111i t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0ho\u00e0n v\u0169<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Gotama, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i vun b\u1ed3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i,\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. S\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra cho\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: Ph\u1ea3i\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t\u00a0v\u1ecdng ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eebng d\u1eady s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0huy ho\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (ch\u1ec9 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>) v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec9nh\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 S\u1ef1\u00a0Quay V\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0N\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c.\u00a0H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0kinh s\u00e1ch\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.\u00a0Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0ba t\u1ea1ng:\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 (Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng<\/span>), nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i (Kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0(Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/span>).\u00a0Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0trong ba t\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau: P\u0101li \u2013 th\u1ee9\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o th\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. H\u00e1n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, hai\u00a0t\u1ea1ng kinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t\u00a0phong ph\u00fa<\/span>,\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, trong khi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n P\u0101li ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, nh\u1edd h\u1ed9i P\u0101li Text \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n.\u00a0T\u1eeb t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0(Sanskrit), b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch H\u00e1n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1ng\u00a0Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang r\u1ebd c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh\u00a0thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i<\/span>, s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i,\u00a0ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. L\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>,\u00a0phong ph\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u00e1c\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, n\u00ean\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7u n\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec,\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 xa r\u1eddi\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0quay v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng trong\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u00e2u v\u00e0\u00a0H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n nghe,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00ec n\u00f3\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0qua\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/span>, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n v\u0103n.\u00a0C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>, hay cho\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, hay cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u00f4ng minh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0hay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n\u00a0cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0(Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n), hay cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai s\u1ef1\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o<\/span>, hay l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, hay\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai d\u1eabn l\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0\u00a0d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0(th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3-kheo, hay m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3-kheo-ni, v\u00ec\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0cho s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n), c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh\u00a0qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>,\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ecfi.\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0trong s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng trong r\u1eebng th\u1eb3m, trong c\u00e1c\u00a0thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1\u00a0M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u01b0 th\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean n\u00fai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0lo \u00e2u<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1\u00a0ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n\u00a0b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng s\u1ebd theo h\u1ecd trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0mai sau<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0d\u1edf dang<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, trong \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong hai\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.\u00a0D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, hai\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau, v\u00ec T\u1ef3-kheo v\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo ni t\u1eadp trung s\u1ed1ng theo\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y t\u1eebng ph\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb k\u1ef9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m, trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i r\u1ea5t\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec trong\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u0103n th\u1eadt s\u1eafc b\u00e9n t\u1eeb\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang,\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3i, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0qua th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1\u00a0thanh b\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0dukkha<\/i>\u00a0(s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y trong P\u0101li, Sanskrit c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span><\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eafm. V\u00ec\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y\u00a0dukkha<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n).\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0cho c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>:\u00a0Sinh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/i>. Sinh l\u00e0\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb l\u00fac th\u1ee5 thai\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac sinh.\u00a0M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 sinh \u0111\u1ebb. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nay, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00edt ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. Trong\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh n\u1edf\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u xa<\/span>, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 in h\u1eb1n tr\u00ean\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sinh\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n qu\u00ean n\u00f3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sinh, sinh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, sinh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 trong\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n t\u1ea1, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh,\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. D\u00f2ng\u00a0bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>\u00a0su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0(v\u1edbi\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>) n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>. Trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi l\u00ean,\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 qua \u0111i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a sinh v\u00e0 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2m s\u00e2u<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/i>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t. R\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, m\u00e1i t\u00f3c l\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0a th\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c ph\u01a1, bao t\u1eed t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i\u00a0ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>, kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111au v\u00e0 k\u00eau r\u0103ng r\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng b\u1eafp th\u1ecbt tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0y\u1ebfu \u1edbt<\/span>;\u00a0tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n hay nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u00e0ng trang, h\u00e0ng trang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang.\u00a0Kinh kh\u1ee7ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0hay s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0minh b\u1ecb\u00a0suy \u0111\u1ed3i<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i), m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda sau,\u00a0h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ebb con th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o nh\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/i>.\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span>, r\u1ea5t\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft bao!\u00a0K\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft bao! N\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00eam ru\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0n\u0103m ph\u00fat, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn 80 n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nhoi, hay nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf \u0111ang\u00a0di chuy\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>, \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecbp th\u00ec bi\u1ebft bao nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra! L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y,\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi h\u1ecd\u00a0b\u1ecb b\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>, y t\u00e1, hay m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch y h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0gh\u00ea g\u1edbm m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a si\u00a0l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/i>. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0Ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0tin nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tham luy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I –\u00a0T\u00e1i sinh<\/span>), v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>.\u00a0D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, n\u1ed7i\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7i\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c l\u00e0\u00a0\u00e1p l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3\u00a0\u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0khi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, \u201cng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/i>\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y,\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ta v\u00ec n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ta th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ta mu\u1ed1n\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u2013 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ta ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, th\u00ec khi x\u00e1c th\u00e2n ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t an<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>: th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eddi\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u01b0: \u201cS\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u00e1\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec sao khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n ngo\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft m\u00f9, tai \u0111i\u1ebfc, khi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u\u00a0hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd.\u00a0B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0thay,\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u201cv\u1ecb\u00a0thi\u00ean s\u1ee9<\/span>,\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0,\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp: \u201cPh\u1ea3i\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d. Hai\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i theo<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n, hay\u00a0thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0ch\u1ea1y theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>, hay c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01a1i\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n. D\u00f9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm t\u00f2i<\/span>\u00a0qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1edbi,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0(con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>, v.v\u2026) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/span>, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/span>, th\u00ec lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong l\u1ecd thu\u1ed1c d\u00e1n (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng\u00a0to\u1ea1i \u00fd<\/span>).\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/i>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 say m\u00ea s\u00e2u d\u00e0y kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3,\u00a0gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u1ea3n,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00e0o\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 doanh nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh\u00a0\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u01b0u s\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n<\/span>,\u00a0tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0<\/span>, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft hay\u00a0hy sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ta<\/i>. C\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf, hay b\u1eb1ng t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n. S\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>,\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o.\u00a0L\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0(ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p<\/span>\u00a0mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1eefa), trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.\u00a0<\/i>U\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi th\u1ee5 thai.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0(xem nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3), v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c m\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0si m\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0ta<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ee7a ta<\/i>. S\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn\u00a0tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi l\u00ean.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 hay kh\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i th\u1eadt y\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. H\u00e3y\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra; sau n\u0103m ph\u00fat, m\u1ed9t con ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee7i n\u00f3; sau m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat, ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb ng\u1ee9a v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n g\u00e3i; sau hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u00fat b\u1ea1n\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n\u00a0c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c sau kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eefa gi\u1edd, khi c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111au, hay hai ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ea c\u1ee9ng, hay m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>. V\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y,\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0d\u00ednh l\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0t\u1edbi n\u00f3 (ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf). Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n, khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, h\u00e3y\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadp trung m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd\u00a0trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa gi\u1edd. Khi \u1ea5y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111i lang thang,\u00a0ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i\u00a0kh\u1ed5 t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ecb h\u01a1n. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i su\u1ed1t b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0do\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0trong khi\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>: trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft bao. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5<\/span>, trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>.\u00a0V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 hai\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0\u1edbt qua<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi b\u1ea1n th\u00edch m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0\u00a0phong c\u1ea3nh<\/span>, \u0111\u1eb9p qu\u00e1! B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1eady, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u00ecn c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00ec hay\u00a0theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb\u00a0v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o c\u00e1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 24 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n\u00a0tranh \u0111\u1ea5u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0L\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn\u00a0b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec n\u00f3\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c. Khi\u00a0th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim,\u00a0d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 phim, m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed1n phim c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3. Lo\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y (cho d\u00f9\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0xem n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa), tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, sau \u0111\u00f3\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng, trong khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u00f2ng\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang, b\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi l\u00fac v\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 hai, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0nguy h\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 qu\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0y\u00ean b\u00ecnh,\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch\u00a0th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra th\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1eef y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, r\u1ed3i v\u1ed9i v\u00e3\u00a0xin l\u1ed7i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0a n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng trong\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0\u00a0\u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0ng\u00e3<\/i>, bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/i>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 (linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i, hay c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 v.v\u2026), v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u01b0u t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1edbi:\u00a0L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac?<\/i>\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1\u00a0phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>. Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y\u00a0th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0(xem s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sanh<\/span>),\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi s\u1ef1\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb1m\u00a0\u0111i th\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0ngang qua\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u m\u01b0a tu\u00f4n\u00a0v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9c tr\u00ed\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>. (Dhammapada, 186)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0th\u00f9 th\u1eafng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ly tham<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0si\u00eau qu\u1ea7n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Tri ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1nh<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ta ch\u1ec9\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi\u00a0ch\u00f4ng gai<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ai kh\u00e9o t\u1eadp\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1eaet tho\u00e1t v\u00f2ng\u00a0ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Dhammapada, 273 \u2013 6)<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec\u00a0l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i d\u00e3 d\u1ea1y\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc theo. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng b\u1ecb\u00a0si m\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Do v\u1eady,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y\u00a0T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 trong\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tham th\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n tham th\u00ec\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>) [Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5]<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 [Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5]<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1\u00a0di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n) [Vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vui]<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0(con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>) [Vui v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vui]<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai:\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc v\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9n l\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba: h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t\u00a0xa x\u0103m<\/span>, n\u1ebfu\u00a0\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p theo\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>, khi \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1ch tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span><\/i>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i lang thang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0(\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0(tham \u00e1i<\/span>) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0\u00c1c<\/i>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, do v\u1eady, n\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n<\/i>\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, do v\u1eady, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng\u00a0t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u00c1c<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00edch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0thi\u1ec7n<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>),\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y khai tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n,\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa \u00fd. Do v\u1eady,\u00a0\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, c\u00f3\u00a0d\u1ee5ng \u00fd<\/span>, \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0s\u1edf (karma, kamma<\/i>) k\u00e8m theo, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0s\u1edf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:\u00a0gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t con mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u01a1 b\u00e0n tay l\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t con mu\u1ed7i tr\u00ean g\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>, v\u1eady h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft (con mu\u1ed7i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i: n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n nay\u00a0h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 an vui v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa J\u00e9sus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta gieo c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7t c\u00e1i \u1ea5y<\/i>.\u201d T\u1eeb\u00a0h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y gai\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7t\u00a0h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1o\u00a0ngon l\u00e0nh<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng thu g\u00f3p\u00a0ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0cho nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f3 ng\u00e0ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh\u00a0h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh lo\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e1ng v\u00f3c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0lo \u00e2u<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>,\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y.\u00a0T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u1eefng\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u00eam n\u1eefa.\u00a0Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1i, k\u1ebb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec c\u00f2n n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt? Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3\u00a0t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0qua ba th\u1eddi:\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ngay. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u01a1n.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0xa x\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0tr\u1eeb phi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, nh\u1edd\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. V\u00ec\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, h\u1ecd\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra\u00a0ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0may r\u1ee7i<\/span>, khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0(c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c). V\u00ec sao h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3? V\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/i>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. V\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i x\u1ea3y ra sau m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0hay c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap hay l\u00e0m\u00a0ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u00a0C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng thay\u00a0th\u1ebf cho<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 X c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec Y\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>, X kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec Y\u00a0kh\u00f4ng sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi. Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho th\u01a1m tho<\/i>\u00a0d\u00f2ng\u00a0ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft hay khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0th\u00f3i quen<\/span>, khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0khi ch\u00fang\u00a0b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u xa<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>\u00a0qua ba\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>;\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n. B\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed lu\u00f4n\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ghi nh\u1edb, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i sinh ra do nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i\u00a0th\u1eeba k\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn thay cho t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 ta g\u00e2y\u00a0\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 ta nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ea5u tr\u1ea7n<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 ta tr\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 ta\u00a0t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0do ta c\u1ea3<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ai\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0ta.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Dhammapada, 165)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed9i\u00a0t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng<\/span><\/i>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0xa l\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0(xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II,\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span>), h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, do v\u1eady, h\u1ecd\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd l\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0(n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh thanh l\u1ecdc qua\u00a0s\u1ef1 s\u00e1m<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed1i,\u00a0quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0thanh l\u1ecdc), r\u1ed3i\u00a0quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t\u00a0g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, th\u1ee9\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf,\u00a0tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0hay r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u1ea7u xin<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e9o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e9o – thi\u1ec7n, hay\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u2013\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3. Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t \u0111i, d\u00f9\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u xa\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, khi\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0cha m\u1eb9<\/span>; nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0cho n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u1edfi v\u1eady nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00f9\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hay \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n


\nT\u00e1i Sinh<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed theo\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u1edf trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea1o Hin-\u0111u, K\u1ef3-na-gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Sikhs.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb\u00a0l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0\u00a0b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1ea1o Islam (Sufism), \u0111\u1ea1o C\u01a1-\u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong\u00a0h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0L\u00e3o t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sanh\u00a0d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nghi\u1ec7p) c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>, mang l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t\u00a0l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n<\/span>, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft v\u00ec sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e0u sang<\/span>, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i than van b\u1ecb\u00a0\u00e1p b\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0kia, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>. Khi gi\u1ea3ng\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0cho ai\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n\u00a0nghi ng\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, thay v\u00ec\u00a0y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0thuy\u1ebft\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c (wager argument)<\/i>. Trong\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadp trung\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0ngay trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.\u00a0L\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m\u00a0hai m\u1eb7t<\/span>: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t thu\u1ed9c\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0(\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>). Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0gia t\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0cay \u0111\u1eafng<\/span>:\u00a0T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u00f4i<\/i>? \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0lu\u1eadt trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4i b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0o b\u00e1nh xe\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, v\u1eabn\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec do\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y sao?<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa,\u00a0gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng hu\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0cao h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i t\u1ef1a l\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eb1m ngay trong ch\u00ednh t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, ngay trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>. Khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y s\u1ebd\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta leo qua b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady,\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o trong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0(again-becoming), kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb gi\u1edd n\u00e0y qua gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n\u00a0v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec s\u1ebd\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u1eeb ng\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Do v\u1eady, th\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span><\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span>. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb1m\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 h\u1ecd\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. C\u1ea3 hai\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>. C\u00e1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span>.\u00a0Quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span>. U\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ecb\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean s\u1ef1\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Theo s\u1ef1\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0(t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span>) c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0khi t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ba tu\u1ed5i,\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 l\u00f9n v\u00e0 b\u00e9o. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y 30 tu\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ba tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 30 tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y:\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0X c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t,\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0Y\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 ba tu\u1ed5i \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 30 tu\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y sang kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, trong\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng! ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eafp c\u1ea3i\u00a0m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a anh ta\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a anh ta \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u00a0xa x\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc, v.v\u2026 C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp nh\u1eefng\u00a0lo \u00e2u<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>,\u00a0tham luy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0(c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>). M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi\u00a0ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>, trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ef1\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/span>, khi nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t,\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1eebng\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u00e1i\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd th\u00ec s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3\u00a0t\u1ed1i t\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0trong s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i,\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111ang\u00a0soi s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong h\u1ecd \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1m tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi su\u00fdt ch\u1ebft (do ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i hay do m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00e3\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111ang\u00a0ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t giao k\u00e8o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi, trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y hay m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd\u00a0xao l\u00e3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n;\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0tho\u00e1t ly<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, trong khi h\u1ecd ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u00f4n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0nh\u1eabn c\u01b0\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0h\u00f4n l\u1ec5<\/span>, hay m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t c\u01a1m bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng\u00a0qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>), hay m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0k\u00fd \u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0k\u00fd \u1ee9c\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0man tr\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m,\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3\u00a0m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, hay m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n) b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y. V\u00ec\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, do v\u1eady s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, hay\u00a0h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>. Trong khi \u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i trong khi giao h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang (n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, s\u1ebd\u00a0y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i, th\u00ec\u00a0y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3), h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0b\u00e0o thai<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. N\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u thai<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0an vui hay\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u0169ng\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 nhau. Sinh v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, khi th\u00ec vui, khi th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, khi th\u00ec\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5. D\u1ef1a theo\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>;\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f2ng\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f4i l\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra: N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c d\u1ec5\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1edb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eebng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba trong\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>, n\u00f3 qu\u00e1\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh: t\u1ea1i sao\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc? V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i,\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3, ch\u1ec9\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i l\u00e0m\u00a0sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3\u00a0tin t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed\u00a0h\u1eadu thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u00ean khi \u00f4ng ta c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb,\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o: kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v.v… Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng ta sai. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u00a0l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a hay c\u01a1n gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0v\u1eeba \u00fd<\/span>, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi v\u00e0ng son<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a k\u00fd \u1ee9c\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e9o m\u00f3 v\u1ec1\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb qu\u00ean\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>, khi \u1ea5y\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n khoa\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng\u00a0x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0b\u00e0o thai<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n n\u00fap\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 s\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0thai nhi<\/span>,\u00a0thai nhi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u00a0sinh l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh\u00a0trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u01b0a\u00a0phai m\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia,\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n\u00a0vui v\u1ebb<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ef1 n\u00f3\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>. L\u00f9i\u00a0xa h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thai nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0sinh l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0(v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0vi t\u1ebf<\/span>) \u0111ang\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc kho\u1ea3i trong l\u00fac ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n\u00a0v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00ean \u0111i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn nh\u1edb. C\u00e1c em b\u00e9, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 em c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0lu m\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u00fd c\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0trong khi\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Stevenson thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0Y khoa Virginia\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>. Trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng hay c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0cao l\u00e0 nh\u1edd\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed nh\u1edb<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean. S\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00f4i mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0sau c\u00f9ng.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, k\u00fd \u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/span>\u00a0c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, khi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng danh t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Milinda h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i N\u00e0gasena. S\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i N\u0101gasena d\u00f9ng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p s\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1eefa, r\u1ed3i s\u1eefa\u00a0bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c, s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c\u00a0bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u01a1 v\u00e0ng, b\u01a1\u00a0bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u01a1 nh\u1eb9, b\u01a1 nh\u1eb9\u00a0bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u01a1 l\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y qua\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn<\/span>. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>,\u00a0trong kho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb s\u1eefa nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u01a1 l\u1ecfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i,\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y B\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh B\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0(C\u1ea5p \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0\u00a0Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c<\/span>)<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u00eam n\u1eefa.\u00a0T\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi\u00a0\u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o<\/i>.\u00a0C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<\/i>? Th\u00ec c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>,\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u00ec c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nghi\u1ec7p) c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 cho t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay,\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Trong khi t\u00f4i n\u1ed5i con\u00a0th\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eef d\u1ed9i<\/span>, c\u00e1i\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111ang\u00a0n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cAnh c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con qu\u1ec9 s\u1ee9!\u201d\u00a0C\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng<\/span>, kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ee5c?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, s\u1ef1 sa \u0111\u1ecda kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0Tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa. C\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, d\u00f9\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ec7n minh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1eadt<\/span>. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ngay trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i qu\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3i, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i\u00a0d\u1ea1 xoa<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0hay v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y (t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec m\u1ea5y). Trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, v\u1ecb\u00a0Ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>. Trong h\u1ecd,\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u00a0T\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 cao\u00a0nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf c\u00f5i\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0ngo\u00e0i nghi\u1ec7p,\u00a0ch\u00ednh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem trong hai\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>,\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0quen thu\u1ed9c<\/span>;ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb\u00a0s\u00e1t na<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0s\u00e1t na<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y qua ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec,\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0(\u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ebft, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y theo con s\u00f4ng (hay khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1u\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn.\u00a0Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed7i\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u theo nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd. Trong c\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i:\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0nh\u1eadn ra<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00fan vai (ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o<\/span>) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt theo\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nghi\u1ec7p)\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3\u00a0\u00fd c\u0103n<\/span>) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u0169ng v\u00ec\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1c c\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 (qua m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n), nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, do ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng con ong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, nh\u01b0 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o,\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c c\u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u00fd (hay t\u00e2m) l\u00e0 c\u0103n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. T\u00e2m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u00dd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>, trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, n\u00f3\u00a0t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u c\u0103n: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng ngay trong\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0xa s\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u1ea5y c\u0169ng\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>. C\u00e1i\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi trong b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, hay\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0ngh\u0129a \u0111en<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 theo\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Th\u0103ng hay tr\u1ea7m, cao hay th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c trang\u00a0k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c kinh<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111ang\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i qu\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3i,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t\u00a0m\u00e1u m\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Hay l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00fa \u1ea9n,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00f5i\u00a0kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt g\u00ec, s\u1ed1ng hay ch\u1ebft,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede trong\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c nhau,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u2026\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng\u00a0bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u,\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0\u00a0xung quanh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111ang\u00a0h\u00e2n hoan<\/span>\u00a0trong ni\u1ec1m\u00a0hoan l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang tr\u00fa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang\u00a0k\u00eau la<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh\u00a0tra t\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\u00a0\u00edt khi<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i:\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0trung b\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, n\u00ean th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4n ngoan n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0C\u1ea3nh Gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0Hi\u1ec7n H\u1eefu<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 s\u00e1u\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda<\/span>\u00a0do s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0cao xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0(c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng<\/span>).\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. H\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf h\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Khi\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y (th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t\u00a0hi h\u1eefu<\/span>), h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh \u1edf\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, khi ch\u1ebft\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y. Theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n khi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. S\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, v.v\u2026 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 sinh l\u00ean (th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>) m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00fa trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,\u00a0nh\u01b0 Kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ee9,\u00a0Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9<\/span>,\u00a0V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9<\/span>. \u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea7u\u00a0nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec7m\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, khi\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0do s\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u01a1i c\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f5i\u00a0S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0(s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp sau).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, v\u00ec\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc theo,\u00a0tr\u1eeb phi<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0thi\u00ean t\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1i\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ecb\u00a0c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0(kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi), c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0may m\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 nghe c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh\u00a0s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh\u00a0s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0sinh v\u00e0o trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y (c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>) c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0vi t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>.\u00a0C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh<\/span>\u00a0(v\u1ec1\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi\u00a0S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II, ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>). S\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1i d\u1ee5c<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y k\u00e9m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng (v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0ra\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng) ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i,\u00a0to\u00e0n tri<\/span>,\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra l\u1ec7nh,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>, cha c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh.\u00a0Trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh, do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0(n\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>). Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb thi\u00ean kh\u00e1c khi ch\u1ebft, tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, th\u00e1c sinh v\u00e0o\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y. V\u1edbi\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u xa<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb thi\u00ean n\u00e0y hay l\u00e0 v\u1ecb thi\u00ean kia m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hay qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t.\u00a0D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u1ea5u b\u1edfi\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, kho\u1ea3ng 500 ho\u1eb7c 1.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00eau r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd, trong khi Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u1eabn\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ea9y\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111ang\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f5i\u00a0S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>. V\u1edbi\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0m\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3nh\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Sau khi s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u1edf trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o) th\u00ec\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t sinh\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eadp tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>. Khi ch\u1ebft,\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0hoan h\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00edch cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh l\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a\u00a0D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c\u00a0t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span>. Trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau\u00a0t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung,\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o<\/span>, Hin-du,\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb\u00a0Hi\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i h\u01a1n\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0do\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1\u00a0l\u00fd th\u00fa<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe, hay\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7. Trong\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh\u00a0T\u1eeb bi<\/span>, \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0T\u1eeb th\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0–\u00a0Di L\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n nay Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 sinh tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n ch\u00f3t,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. Khi \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf th\u1eddi\u00a0v\u1ecb lai<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Gotama trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>, s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0P\u0101li\u00a0c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi \u1ea5y. S\u1ef1 sinh v\u00e0o trong\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0du h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u1eddi\u00a0n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, n\u01a1i l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf b\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi\u00a0v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, anh ta n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9, v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi\u00a0D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>, trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t\u00a0\u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, v\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0S\u1edf d\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f2n\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c th\u00fa vui n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n\u00a0luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, do v\u1eady ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u\u00a0ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfn tranh,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi, v\u00ec t\u00ednh hay g\u00e2y g\u1ed5 (so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sa \u0111\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Sa t\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3).\u00a0Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-tu-la, ch\u00fang c\u00f3\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng hay g\u00e2y g\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ganh t\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang giao tranh v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5p th\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eabn nhau.\u00a0Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng\u00a0cay \u0111\u1eafng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng\u00a0kinh kh\u1ee7ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u00a0V\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch\u00a0uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span>, b\u1ecf\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd r\u1ea5t th\u00edch ra l\u1ec7nh, d\u00f9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd\u00a0ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u00e2m m\u01b0u<\/span>, toan t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o. Trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0tham quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi ch\u1ebft. Khi ch\u1ebft\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0duy tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd sinh v\u00e0o trong lo\u00e0i A-tu-la, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd c\u00f3\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0uy quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nhau. S\u1ef1 sinh ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 vui th\u00fa c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0P\u0101li,\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y to c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t,\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng\u00a0tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, c\u00f2n a-tu-la v\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi,\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0quan c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ra theo\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafng cay. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb\u00a0ru ng\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn l\u00e0 kh\u00e1\u00a0th\u00f4ng minh<\/span>, do v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0cao si\u00eau, qua\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1nh\u00a0h\u00e0o quang<\/span>, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3,\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng\u00a0quan t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng\u00a0d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0si\u00eau nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0(tr\u1eeb phi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7). H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, do v\u1eady, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0\u00a0theo \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00ecm t\u00f2i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>). Lo\u00e0i A-tu-la th\u00ec b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n\u00a0g\u00e2y g\u1ed7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i nhau, h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Trong ba\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, lo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>; lo\u00e0i\u00a0s\u00fac sinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0sinh l\u00fd<\/span>, trong khi nh\u1eefng\u00a0vong h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch,\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u00edt khi<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng khi\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec s\u1ebd\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ban cho<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u1ea5y (nh\u01b0 3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y n\u00eau r\u00f5).<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh cho\u00a0m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/span>\u00a0\u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, hay\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 cho ch\u00ednh\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n t\u1eeb\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd. Tuy v\u1eady, trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. Trong khi l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, cho n\u00ean\u00a0b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, qua s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e9o m\u00f3,\u00a0b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n<\/span>, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed<\/span>. Trong\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0P\u0101li, c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ef1\u00a0hy h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e9m v\u00e0o trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 \u1ea5y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn gi\u00f3, l\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf. D\u00f9 cho\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<\/span>, con r\u00f9a c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng n\u1ed5i\u00a0l\u00ean m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t khi\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong ba\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1c th\u00fa<\/span>, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, c\u0169ng\u00a0hy h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0vun tr\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0tham, s\u00e2n, si trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, th\u00ec ba lo\u1ea1i\u00a0sinh th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho l\u00f2ng\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ea5c thang\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span>. Lo\u00e0i\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y, nghe, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? H\u1ecd b\u1ecb d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng tham. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>,\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>,\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, h\u1ecd\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t (v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0h\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ecd th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 c\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n,\u00a0t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>, v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1eabn h\u1ecd th\u00e1c sinh v\u00e0o trong lo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3i<\/i>\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>,\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o tin nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e0m tho\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e0ng Tantalus trong\u00a0th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0Hy L\u1ea1p, b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>, v\u00ec kh\u00e1t khao nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong lo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y hay \u0111\u00eam, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u x\u00e1m\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, ngang qua \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00f9 m\u1edd\u00a0th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Khi\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd v\u00e0o trong lo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u1eeb\u01a1i \u2013\u00a0th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra \u2013 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e2n trung \u1ea5m<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ma qu\u1ec9<\/span>, v\u00e0 trong\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u00edt\u00a0tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0P\u0101li\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n c\u00e2y\u00a0g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5<\/span>, b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t l\u01b0a th\u01b0a, h\u1ecd ngh\u1ec9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0l\u1edfm ch\u1edfm<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 b\u00ean\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>.\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng manh. Xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ef1\u00a0si \u00e1m<\/span>\u00a0hay l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n<\/span>, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0k\u00e9m c\u00f5i, s\u1ef1\u00a0ngu si<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0\u0111i xu\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i l\u1eb1n m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>, u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c<\/span>,\u00a0ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o trong lo\u00e0i th\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5. Lo\u00e0i\u00a0d\u00e3 th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi lo\u00e0i th\u00fa kh\u00e1c, hay k\u1ebb th\u00edch\u00a0\u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>, gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang th\u00edch\u00a0\u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00f4i th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i con th\u00fa kh\u00e1c, trong khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3i, m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Lo\u1ea1i\u00a0gia s\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang b\u1ecb\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec nh\u1eefng\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1t khao th\u1ecbt, da, l\u00f4ng, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ee1 hay r\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eafn ch\u00fang v\u00ec\u00a0vui \u0111\u00f9a<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u0103n ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed h\u1ecfi con th\u00fa b\u1ecb\u00a0s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 c\u00f3 vui kh\u00f4ng?).\u00a0Ch\u00fang n\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9\u00a0b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n<\/span>, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y.\u00a0May m\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0thay cho lo\u00e0i th\u00fa, v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0mau ch\u00f3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1eadt<\/span>, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang l\u00e0m, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 sinh v\u00e0o\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, t\u1edbi khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0xa x\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady, gi\u00fap cho n\u00f3 t\u1ef1\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m lo\u00e0i th\u00fa.\u00a0T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i th\u00fa\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n sinh<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n<\/span>, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t\u00a0d\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0P\u0101li n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi h\u00f4i th\u00fai. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed1 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111ang\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con th\u00fa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i th\u00fa trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0ch\u00fang n\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0(kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>).\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, v\u00e0\u00a0quan t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eb1m trong\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1edbi: th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ee5c,\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0(r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m cho\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd), ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ee5c \u2013 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i hang\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111e d\u1ecda<\/span>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y hang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eeda ng\u1ee3m \u0111ang v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0trong s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. N\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0ma qu\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0(t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, v\u00ec\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eb1m trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang).<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba tham v\u1eeba\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba s\u00e2n v\u1eeba\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u00a0vun tr\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f9 h\u1eadn,\u00a0ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9<\/span>,\u00a0\u00e1c \u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u0103m th\u00f9<\/span>, hay l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u1ea5t an<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0b\u00e1m v\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng ai\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i,\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, theo\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i sinh v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp than h\u1eebng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>, nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i,\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u00a0Th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0bao l\u00e2u? N\u00f3\u00a0ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. Khi\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd mang nh\u1eefng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>,\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00edt h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf nhoi, s\u1ebd\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh l\u00ean lo\u00e0i th\u00fa, v\u00ec r\u1ea5t\u00a0\u00edt khi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y kh\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 sinh v\u00e0o\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf\u00a0h\u00e3i h\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0du kh\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u00e0 con<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong m\u1ecdi\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 vun b\u1ed3i\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, m\u00e0\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft\u00a0Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ebfu\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau nh\u00e2n<\/span>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0(xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III). S\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f2ng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc\u00a0Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/span>. L\u00e0m ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh xe\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0Pali, c\u00f3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: \u201cN\u00e0y X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta, ta hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau khi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>,\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y ngay trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, ta th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u1ea3nh\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3, \u0111ang\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. N\u00e0y X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 sen \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong, ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 m\u00e1t, b\u1edd h\u1ed3\u00a0tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7<\/span>, g\u1ea7n b\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng,\u00a0m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>, kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4 c\u1ed5 \u0111ang\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch<\/span>, \u0111ang\u00a0\u0111i th\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t con \u0111u\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ngu\u1eddi \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cThi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0kia c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 sen \u1ea5y, sau m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 sen \u1ea5y t\u1eafm v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u01a1i b\u1edbt m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i\u00a0c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc<\/span>,\u00a0m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t, r\u1ed3i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed3, \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y,\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/i>\u201d (Trung b\u1ed9 Kinh<\/span>\u00a0I, 76-7).<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa n\u1ed7i\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0cho ai sinh v\u00e0o trong\u00a0t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>. Cho n\u00ean,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh, do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m v\u01a1i b\u1edbt n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u00e0i\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u00e0 con<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7i\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m khu\u00e2y kh\u1ecfa\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef cho ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e1 ph\u00e1ch\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e2y th\u01a1\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>: Hi\u1ec7n nay d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0gia t\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi sinh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean kia \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng\u00a0tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. Tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>, tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y (h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0so s\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i!). Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1n \u1edf h\u00e0nh tinh\u00a0v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec7\u00a0bao la<\/span>\u00a0(danh t\u1eeb\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong\u00a0Th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec7, song\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0sinh l\u1ea1i trong\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, do v\u1eady\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111a s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec\u00a0l\u00fd do<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0duy tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft? N\u1ebfu ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00e2u\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u00a0xa h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra:\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1i\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0kia t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? N\u1ebfu\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111em\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? V\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec? V\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ch\u0103ng? Hay v\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? D\u00f9 cho\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa,\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>, c\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111ang\u00a0d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/span>\u00a0xa h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0th\u00eam v\u1ec1\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00ec sao\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0xa x\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, hay t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u00a0di\u1ec7u v\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0d\u00ednh l\u00edu<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t (c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v.v…). Nh\u01b0ng khi\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t \u00edt kh\u1edfi l\u00ean n\u01a1i\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u1ebfu\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0xa x\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u00a0di\u1ec7u v\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0sao? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/span>. Hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec, hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00f4i \u0111ang\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0xa v\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0xa v\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng\u00a0k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>.\u00a0K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u1ed9t l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>, hai l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ong v\u00f2 v\u1ebd n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, khi c\u00f3\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0va ch\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0nhau, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u<\/span>,\u00a0chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y v\u00ec sao s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0ki\u00ean c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>. T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m\u00a0r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y? Khi\u00a0tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>, \u0111ang\u00a0g\u1ea5p r\u00fat<\/span>\u00a0\u0111u\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/i>\u201d Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed1 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0(nghi\u1ec7p) c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>). Khi\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng\u00a0s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0g\u1eafng\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea3y ra\u00a0d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1eeba\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>) tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0x\u01b0a\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y;<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

(Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0XIX \u2013N\u00e0namoli Thera)<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0quan\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0bao la<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.\u00a0Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ho\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0 n\u00e0y,\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, sau m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y. Do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0 n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>, b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>. Chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng v\u1eady,\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea3i ra v\u00e0 thu l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0trong n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf? Theo m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 in l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n,\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef\u00a0im l\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y?\u00a0C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 khai sinh c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y: Khi m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (sau m\u1ed9t chu\u00a0k\u1ef3 v\u0169<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ee5\u00a0ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t<\/span>), m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi (nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y). \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.\u00a0Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd gi\u1eefa\u00a0ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi cao h\u01a1n,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. Khi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p, l\u1ea1i\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 do\u00a0\u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u00a0c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5, v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Baka, khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 cho n\u00f3 th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eefu<\/span>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng (n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00f3m t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u1ebfu\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i to l\u1edbn\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1n,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u00edt khi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a tay ra t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb\u00a0tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ban\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ec3 cho\u00a0l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>,\u00a0d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i th\u1eafng th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f4ng l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xem\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0che ch\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m!\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Bhuridatta J\u00e0taka No. 543)<\/span><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0to t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n hay\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i (thi s\u0129 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean) nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y: \u201cN\u1ebfu\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<\/span>: v\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo\u00a0\u00fd mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i<\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

(Mah\u00e0bodhi J\u00e0taka No. 528)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u00a0C\u0103n B\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Khi n\u00e0o\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3o\u00a0s\u00e1t t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd, v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y hay kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00e0\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>: khi nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0quanh co<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft<\/span>;\u00a0n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/span>.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, khi t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd thanh\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ao \u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n b\u1ecb\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? Hay trong m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9? Trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00f9 khi \u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>.\u00a0M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm ra<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb\u00a0b\u00f3p m\u00e9o<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>, v\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngo\u00e0i\u00a0t\u00f4i<\/i>. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3\u00a0nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo tham (c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00edch), s\u00e2n (c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch), v\u00e0 si (c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft<\/i>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft<\/i>). S\u1ef1 m\u00e9o m\u00f3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb ng\u00e3\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 trong\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>.\u00a0H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ngang qua t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e2y quanh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c \u00edt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0sai kh\u00e1c (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m) \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong\u00a0xu th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>.\u00a0\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e3\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e3\u00a0mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ng\u00e3\u00a0ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u2013 hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v.v\u2026 T\u00e2m\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u00edch k\u1ef7<\/span>, hay t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7\u00a0trung t\u00e2m<\/span>, t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7\u00a0trung t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady\u00a0l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span>, hay\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1edd \u01a1<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd\u00a0b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00f2ng tham c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>, th\u00ec\u00a0l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ecdi\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9, s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t\u00a0ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. S\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3 hai t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00f2ng\u00a0b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c<\/span>, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1i\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c), tr\u1edf n\u00ean chua ch\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111ang\u00a0t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i m\u00ecnh c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>, c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0si \u00e1m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, n\u1ebfu\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e9o\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ee9\u01a1c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9\u00a0k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eafm, c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra\u00a0trong v\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0tam \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0(tham, s\u00e2n, si). C\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong tham, s\u00e2n, si, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi\u00a0tam \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh tham, s\u00e2n, si n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, v\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u00fang, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ba, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c sinh ra, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh. Theo\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang n\u1ea9y sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh\u00a0th\u1ea7n kinh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp\u00a0m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i<\/span>;\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc, c\u00f2n\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec v\u1eabn ho\u00e0nh\u00a0h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, \u0111ang l\u00e0m b\u1ebf t\u1eafc m\u1ecdi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, th\u1ee9\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb\u00a0r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cong. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u00a0d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec m\u1edbi\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u (c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0nhau v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef nguy\u00ean).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0\u0110i\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3o<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00fac t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00ecn\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ph\u00fat n\u00e0y sang ph\u00fat kh\u00e1c; c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean h\u00e0, c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt,\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>,\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0hay t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y\u00a0b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, T\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>.\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn, hay nghe gi\u00f3 reo m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng\u00a0ma qu\u1ec9<\/span>, v.v\u2026). T\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c<\/span>, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/span>, m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0(nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>). \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin hay hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 ba m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ecb,\u00a0tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7<\/span>,\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 trong ba th\u1ee9\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0theo ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, \u0111o\u1ea1n sau s\u1ebd l\u00e0m\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1edf\u00a0b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u00e1m, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u0129nh v\u1eadt.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay\u00a0sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>. Qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>,\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0(k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh,\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y s\u1ebd\u00a0mang theo<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n<\/span>, v\u00ec l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0xuy\u00ean qua<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang ti\u00eau ph\u00ed\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00ed b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cho\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y hay\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c,\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.\u00a0L\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span>, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7n gian, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc<\/span>\u00a0theo sau<\/span>, r\u1ed3i mong c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u00edt\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c,\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Ai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0tham, s\u00e2n, si, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, \u0111ang\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0\u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ba\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>, khi m\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si, \u0111ang\u00a0t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 \u0111ang quay tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u2013 s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 xem \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, ho\u1eb7c xem\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 hay\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u1ede trong hay \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec sao c\u00e1i\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi n\u00f3? Th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft qua\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean t\u1eed,\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong d\u00f2ng\u00a0tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/span>, trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00ednh\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i\u00a0t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v.v\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i (m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0m\u00a0ti\u00eau tan<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>). Do c\u00e1i\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span>. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i,\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. Do v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u Rolls Royce, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa c\u00fac, \u00f4ng Jones, con mu\u1ed7i, hay t\u00f4i, hay qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eabn nhau. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i khi\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>, k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u00f4i\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p h\u00f4m nay ng\u00e0y mai s\u1ebd\u00a0h\u00e9o t\u00e0n<\/span>, n\u00ean\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5,\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb nh\u0103n nheo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch nh\u00ecn n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn hai\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn suy tho\u00e1i, t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh,\u00a0gi\u00e0 nua<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y; th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, hai l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i hay t\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>), v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1edbp da\u00a0che \u0111\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i g\u1edbm. D\u00f9 sao \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0say \u0111\u1eafm<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0x\u1ea5u x\u00ed<\/span>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>, th\u00ec tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u00a0Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf trong t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>, hay\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, v\u00ec\u00a0thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0tri ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eb1m\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang, n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ba\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026\u00a0Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ch\u00fang tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n xanh non, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u00faa v\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. D\u00f9 cho t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111en sang x\u00e1m, r\u1ed3i\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1eafng,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00e1ng,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0s\u00e2u xa<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng, d\u00f9 cho t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c tham, s\u00e2n, si, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>, th\u00ec t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>. Nh\u1edd\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfp\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ea5t\u00a0d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i<\/span>, \u201c\u1ed3 v\u00e2ng,\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00ec\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u00a0v\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. S\u1ef1\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ed5 l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au s\u1ebd h\u1ebft\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.\u00a0Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t. Hai\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0sau\u00a0d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0sau m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo ng\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>, v\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0duy ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0Quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ecb\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt\u00a0tri\u1ebft gia<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ed1i\u00a0suy lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0Hy L\u1ea1p) s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00e1o c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf ra t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n gh\u1ebf, l\u01b0ng gh\u1ebf, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, n\u1ec7m v.v\u2026, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ebb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, ch\u00e2n gh\u1ebf, hay l\u01b0ng gh\u1ebf v.v\u2026, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7. \u0110i\u00a0xa h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1eafm tro t\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn<\/span>. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n quan n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, v\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e3y m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec? B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0li\u1ec7t k\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>: s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd (c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0vui,\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5); t\u01b0\u1edfng –\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ngang qua\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c; h\u00e0nh; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c –\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd.\u00a0L\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 qu\u00ed b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Theo s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0vi t\u1ebf<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u00e1c b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9<\/span>. Trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eb1m nh\u1ed5 l\u00ean g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh\u00a0th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf;\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 cho m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebb nh\u1ecf ra ch\u00fang c\u0169ng\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 nh\u1ea5t hay trong\u00a0bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0mau ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Trong ph\u1ea7n III\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 H\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean\u00a0h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u0111i xu\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0(g\u1ecdi\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef\u00a0punna<\/i>\u00a0–\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>). V\u00ec th\u1ebf,\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0v\u1eafn t\u1eaft<\/span>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n,\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>.\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdt s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ea9y t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m\u00a0suy gi\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0suy gi\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0may m\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>,\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 thu ho\u1ea1ch\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? B\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong 10\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>:\u00a0B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>,\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00f9y h\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c,\u00a0nghe ph\u00e1p<\/span>,\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0(l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) l\u00e0m cho\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1\u00a0m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9c\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf ch\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>. Trong khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nghe gi\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n hay\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp c\u00e1c\u00a0xung \u0111\u1ed9t<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa\u00a0tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9c\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd, nh\u1eb1m l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>, t\u1eeb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd\u00a0h\u00e0n g\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft\u00a0r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00ec\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00ean kia\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Trong khi\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u00a0h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0hoan h\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t sinh<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1ea1t\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng hay t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v.v\u2026, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111em\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch\u00a0tham d\u1ef1<\/span>. Chu\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi<\/span>\u00a0nhau\u00a0vui v\u1ebb<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u00e1o tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tham d\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111ang\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>,\u00a0tu thi\u1ec1n<\/span>, hay l\u00e0m cho\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u b\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>, hay\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0cao h\u01a1n,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, hay c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt.\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt, khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb ng\u00e3<\/span>. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>, ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. S\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra\u00a0c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba\u00a0l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span>. Ba\u00a0l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 xem\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u00a0C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hay v\u00e0o\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean kia b\u1edd – Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb hai b\u1ea3n P\u0101li v\u00e0 Sanskrit, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh trong hai b\u1ea3n danh s\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1t khao\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>,\u00a0d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>. Trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, hay s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1nh Ba-la-m\u1eadt<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nVi\u1ec5n ly<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nTh\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n(nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nB\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n(nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nNh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/td>\nTinh t\u1ea5n<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n(nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh th\u00eam v\u00e0o)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nThi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau th\u1ebf<\/span><\/span><\/td>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span><\/td>\nBao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi Ba-la-m\u1eadt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nCh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0Trung \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>.\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng, khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean\u00a0ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0theo ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c! S\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0\u00edch l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1nh xa m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o,\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o?<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, khi \u1ea5y\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. Trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i Kinh\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>.\u00a0C\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>\u00a0(ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1i\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0sai khi\u1ebfn<\/span>).\u00a0C\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e1c th\u00e2n (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1i\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o<\/span>, trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn m\u00ecnh).\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm ra<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn theo (nhanh hay ch\u1eadm c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>) nh\u1edd Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c\u00a0t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c\u00a0l\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0bi\u1ec7n minh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t<\/span>,\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. S\u1ef1\u00a0tranh lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0tri\u1ebft gia<\/span>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc<\/span>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, trong\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i sao\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0\u00edt khi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng\u00a0kh\u00e1t \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u00a0Tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i:\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>\u00a0(d\u1ee5c \u00e1i<\/span>),\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0(h\u1eefu \u00e1i<\/span>), v\u00e0\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0(phi h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1i). Th\u1ef1c\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0duy v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0tin\u00a0th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>, v.v\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai. Trong khi hai lo\u1ea1i\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>.\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, v\u00ec\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0\u00a0\u00e1m \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh n\u00f3\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed5i d\u1eady? Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch: ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8 n\u00e9n. D\u00f9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang\u00a0ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span>.\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn,\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y gi\u00fap\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi\u00a0v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn<\/span>,\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0vi t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, h\u1ecd th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0\u00a0GI\u00c1 TR\u1eca<\/span>\u00a0C\u0102N B\u1ea2N<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0[\u2021]<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

N\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0bao la<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n su\u1ed1t\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0phong ph\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y li\u1ebfc qua n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0bao la<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng trong bi\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111a ng\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1eef. S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9\u00a0to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0theo y ngh\u0129a\u00a0qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0(thu\u1ed9c\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9<\/span>), k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng kho s\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0theo sau<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>,\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 t\u1eebng\u00a0chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e1i tim\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0xa g\u1ea7n<\/span>, trong c\u00e1c\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>\u00a0su\u1ed1t 2.500 n\u0103m (m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/span>). Trong khi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y nguy\u00ean th\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0k\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o 3 t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li (3 t\u1ea1ng g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn) th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 sau nh\u01b0\u00a0tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1c\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 Sanskrit,\u00a0T\u00edch Lan<\/span>, Trung Hoa,\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v.v\u2026 Trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n\u00a0phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u1ec1\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span>, c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ch\u00fa th\u00edch, s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. C\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng Nga, ti\u1ebfng Anh v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ea7m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0rung \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u00c1 ch\u00e2u,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n, t\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.\u00a0Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0soi chi\u1ebfu t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 san s\u1ebb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0mang s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh\u00a0phong tr\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ed7i\u00a0s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0duy l\u00fd\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>,\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, l\u00f2ng\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5c, n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1\u00a0hy sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0tinh khi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft m\u00e1u n\u00e0o \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay v\u1eadt \u2013 su\u1ed1t 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n r\u1eb1ng\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>. S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n th\u1edd g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 bom \u0111\u1ea1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t\u00a0xa l\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tam b\u1ea3o<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y thu nh\u00e3n quan, t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. Ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0vinh quang<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 3 ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u (Tiratana<\/i>): Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng, (b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>,\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang T\u0103ng<\/span>). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0tinh hoa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0b\u00ed quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. S\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed d\u00f2ng Th\u00edch-ca, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 29 tu\u1ed5i\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3,\u00a0xa hoa<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00fa qu\u00fd,\u00a0d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 T\u1ef1 ng\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, b\u1eadc\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i bi<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c<\/span>, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m cho\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>. \u0110\u1ebfn\u00a0tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a080 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>,\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>,\u00a0can \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>,\u00a0quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m<\/span>,\u00a0anh d\u0169ng<\/span>, t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>, t\u1ef1 tin v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>,\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00ednh\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0thu ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c\u00a0d\u00e3 man<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0phi l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi, t\u00ecnh\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0hoan ngh\u00eanh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0\u00a0truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ea5t kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 cao\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ef1\u00a0can \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd noi theo b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch cao si\u00eau\u00a0v\u00f2i v\u1ecdi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. C\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa,\u00a0mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m\u00a0l\u1ea1c quan<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa,\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i cung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0chi li t\u1eebng\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, g\u1ed3m ch\u00fang T\u1ef3-kheo, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1ch quan,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u00a0th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0T\u1eeb ph\u1ee5<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0quang vinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>. B\u1edfi\u00a0th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0mang \u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0k\u00ednh l\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quy y<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0T\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>. Nay\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n<\/span>, nha phi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang<\/span><\/i>\u00a0\u2013 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Karl Marx \u2013 th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, n\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0hay nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0hy v\u1ecdng<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0Qu\u1ea3 tim c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 Theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Marx v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0tinh hoa<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(dukkha<\/i>)\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0then ch\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0xoay quanh<\/span>\u00a0trung t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>,\u00a0Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0(V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>), chu\u1ed7i\u00a0Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0(12\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span>), nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0tu th\u00e2n<\/span>. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>. C\u00e1c\u00a0gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee9t h\u1ebft,\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i tru\u1ea5t b\u1ecf\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00ea t\u00edn<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea1t \u0111i.\u00a0N\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0tai h\u1ecda<\/span>,\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>.\u00a0Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u00e0\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean<\/i>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, h\u00f4m qua ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y mai th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, b\u1eadc Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0to\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0trung t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u2013 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0nh\u01b0 tinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0(samsara<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3\u00a0ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng\u00a0tr\u00e0n lan<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0(anicca<\/i>), m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt,\u00a0\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0theo sau<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m c\u1ecd x\u00e1t\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/span>. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n m\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n<\/span>. S\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea5t an<\/span>\u00a0chung trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(Dukkha<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ee5 \u00fd\u00a0v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0(anatta<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0(anicca, dukkha, anatta<\/i>), s\u1ebd soi t\u1ecf\u00a0th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u00ean\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/span>: Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vu tr\u1ee5, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i san s\u1ebb ba thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. N\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u1edf\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ec3u\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ea7u, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o, phi\u1ec1n,\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>,\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026 Ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef m\u00e3i c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0hay kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf<\/span>, ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i hay\u00a0danh v\u1ecdng<\/span>, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 hay c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/span>. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 v\u00ec\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i,\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(dukkha sacca<\/i>).\u00a0Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1ch quan m\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 quan<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u1edb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u00e1c c\u01a1<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tham, S\u00e2n v\u00e0 Si (lobha, dosa v\u00e0 moha<\/i>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai,\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0110au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(dukkha samudaga sacca<\/i>).\u00a0Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0(dukkha nirodha sacca<\/i>), di\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n (tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>) \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0di\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0(dukka<\/i>). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>, B\u1ed1n\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 toa thu\u1ed1c\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0T\u00e1m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5c thang m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0nanh vu\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tam \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00e1nh T\u01b0 duy<\/span>, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng<\/span>, ch\u00fang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho\u00a0ch\u00e1nh Tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 n\u1ea5c thang th\u1ee9 6.\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 (sil\u00e0, sam\u00e0dhi v\u00e0 pann\u00e0<\/i>). Nh\u1edd\u00a0Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0(vipassana<\/i>)\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0\u00a0Nibbana<\/i>, l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0(samsara<\/i>). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0an ngh\u1ec9,\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>, v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch Tham, S\u00e2n, Si \u2013 ba\u00a0\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n trong t\u00e2m\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0khoa h\u1ecdc<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>.\u00a0Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/span>\u00a0khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>: T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y (ehi pasiko<\/i>). \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00edn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang, theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn theo l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u00ec\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y s\u0129 c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y s\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc con b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh (dukkha<\/i>). Ng\u00e0i t\u00ecm\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0(tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>)\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 cho toa (gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>), ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng toa thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh. T\u00ednh\u00a0c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a con b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea5y\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o tham, s\u00e2n, si). Ch\u1ec9\u00a0chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd toa thu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch g\u00ec cho ai c\u1ea3; ph\u1ea3i\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0theo nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3\u00a0hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm h\u01b0u v\u00e0 t\u00f4n th\u1edd th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd\u00a0nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eafm v\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i\u00a0Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>.\u00a0C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t c\u00f3\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1edfi l\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0(H\u00e0nh).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0(H\u00e0nh) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec Th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n (Danh s\u1eafc<\/span>).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec T\u00e2m v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n m\u00e0 sinh ra 6\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>\u00a0(L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp<\/span>).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec 6\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>\u00a0(L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp<\/span>) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 X\u00fac.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec X\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ecd (thu nh\u1eadn<\/span>).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec Th\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00c1i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u00c1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 (gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec Th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0(H\u1eefu).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec\u00a0sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0(H\u1eefu) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Sinh.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00ec Sinh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 Gi\u00e0, \u01afu, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Ch\u1ebft.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u chu\u1ed7i\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cV\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>; do\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u00e2n hoan<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c,\u00a0b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span>,\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>,\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, y\u1ec3m ly, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c,\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>; \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, thay th\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng l\u00e0\u00a0Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0(bodhi<\/i>), do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh\u00a0t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 hay ph\u00e1p\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0(bodhi-dhamma<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0kho\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng\u00a0t\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m\u00a0t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0hai\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>:\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0thanh \u0111\u1ea1m<\/span>, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0(n\u00e0ma r\u00f9pa<\/i>); nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng ra th\u00e0nh: Th\u1ecd (ved\u00e0na<\/i>), T\u01b0\u1edfng (sann\u00e0<\/i>), H\u00e0nh (sankh\u00e0ra<\/i>) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (vinn\u00e0na<\/i>).\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 trong\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>. Trong khi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb ph\u00fat n\u00e0y sang ph\u00fat kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n. S\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0duy tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0qua\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng trong khi\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed5 t\u00fac, t\u1ed5ng\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.\u00a0Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span><\/i>\u00a0g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p khi\u1ebfn\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, do \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u \u2013 ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y hay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0sau, khi n\u00e0o\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0t\u00e1i sanh<\/span>\u00a0sang\u00a0ki\u1ebfp sau<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp kia\u00a0ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y b\u1edfi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u Tham, S\u00e2n v\u00e0 Si. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0tu th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0(trau d\u1ed3i\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n)\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>, th\u00ec s\u1ed5 k\u1ebft to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi\u00a0x\u00f3a b\u1ecf<\/span>,\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ebfn\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng ai khao kh\u00e1t\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0cam go h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0(parimita<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1\u00a0ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0(samsara<\/i>). Nh\u01b0ng,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 \u00edt c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo cho s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng\u00a0n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0(pancasila<\/i>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i\u00a0gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>,\u00a0n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ki\u00eang d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t\u00a0ma t\u00fay<\/span>.\u00a0Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd\u00a0th\u1ecd tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0ban cho<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0cho c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0tu s\u0129<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00f4 bi\u00ean<\/span>. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u1ee5m n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i trong \u1ea5y, ng\u1ee5m n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t, s\u1ef1 t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i s\u1ebd r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00e9o\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 \u1ea5y.\u00a0Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3,\u00a0b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng, trong\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y\u00a0th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi;\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.\u00a0M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd m\u00ecnh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea5y\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi sanh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c do\u00a0s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i<\/span>,\u00a0tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i\u00a0c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u h\u00f3a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a y. Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>, ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i dung\u00a0Nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt l\u00e0\u00a0bao la<\/span>.\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, d\u00e0nh cho\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 trong\u00a0l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u1eed thi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i\u00a0chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i th\u00edch\u00a0chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 4\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 (brahmavihara<\/i>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1eeb, Bi, H\u1ec9 v\u00e0 X\u1ea3 (metta, karun\u00e0, mudit\u00e0 v\u00e0 upekkh\u00e0<\/i>).\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1\u00a0l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean\u00a0l\u00fd V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0duy tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa. V\u00ec,\u00a0trong v\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0(samsara<\/i>) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean,\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0y ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tho\u00e1i b\u1ed9<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0tho\u00e1i b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>. Qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/span>, t\u1eeb\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean,\u00a0s\u00fac sinh<\/span>,\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu trong\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0bao la<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i,\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh (ariya<\/i>) \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea5c\u00a0thang \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00ed h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u<\/span>\u00a0(sotapanna<\/i>) \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a03 trong s\u1ed1 10 v\u00f2ng x\u00edch (sanojana<\/i>) c\u1ee7a\u00a0lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span>. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00e1c\u00a0tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0\u00a0B\u1ea5t lai<\/span>\u00a0(anagami<\/i>) th\u00ec\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/span>. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, qua\u00a0c\u00f4ng phu<\/span>\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cao nh\u1ea5t \u2013 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n (arahat<\/i>),\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 trong khi\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ebft l\u00fd\u00a0tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a<\/span><\/i>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0Th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi n\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u\u00a0tinh ti\u1ebfn<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gh\u00ea g\u1edbm, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o cho y m\u1ed9t\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>. Khi\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i th\u00ec y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean\u00a0\u0103n m\u00e0y<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t con gi\u00f2i trong c\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc,\u00a0t\u00f9y theo<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 treo c\u1ed5 trong ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean\u00a0t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng khai<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eafn ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0th\u1eeba k\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0ngai v\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111i xin ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u1ed9t t\u00ean th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t\u00a0th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea5t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0cao sang, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean\u00a0\u0103n m\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i\u00a0b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. B\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea nh\u1eefng\u00a0nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9\u00a0th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y\u00a0k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3: Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0tinh ti\u1ebfn<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c s\u1ebd\u00a0x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0ngang qua\u00a0gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. T\u00ednh gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m,\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>,\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0cho m\u1ecdi\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu,\u00a0ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>,\u00a0th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0bao la<\/span>, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, tr\u00ean h\u1ebft\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>, t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch\u00a0ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span>, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec m\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p<\/span>,\u00a0c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, v\u00e2ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c\u00a0vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y\u00a0h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh\u00a0d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao th\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u01b0u th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>. H.G. Wells, s\u1eed gia l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cTr\u00ean\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0C\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0(gautama) \u2013 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u1ee5c sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>, g\u00e2y\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0vai tr\u00f2<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t\u00a0nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0quan \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0vai tr\u00f2<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u cho\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dr. R.L. Soni.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0L\u00dd TR\u00cd<\/span>\u00a0KHOA H\u1eccC<\/strong>\u00a0[\u00a7]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\u0110<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y s\u0129 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0th\u0103m m\u1ed9t con b\u1ec7nh, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ec7nh, r\u1ed3i b\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cho thu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 con b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, nh\u00e0 y s\u0129\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ea5y\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>; Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>; do v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho toa thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0tham ai b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1m\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh:\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>,\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>, b\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c\u00a0lang b\u0103m<\/i>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh\u00a0nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi<\/span>. V\u1ecb y s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1ecb\u00a0suy s\u1ee5p<\/span>. \u00d4ng ch\u1eafp n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. \u00d4ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t th\u00ec con b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb ki\u1ebft l\u1ef5; \u00f4ng ch\u1eefa ki\u1ebft l\u1ef5 th\u00ec con b\u1ec7nh m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng s\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5i; \u00f4ng ch\u1eefa s\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5i th\u00ec con b\u1ec7nh\u00a0\u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0n v.v\u2026,\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi n\u00e0o con b\u1ec7nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n ch\u1eefa! Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eefa cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng y<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y!<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n,\u00a0c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d<\/i>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>: \u201cKh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span><\/i>\u201d.\u00a0V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0ai d\u00e1m n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf<\/span><\/i>?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; ph\u1ea3i\u00a0xa l\u00eca<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0y\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n

Tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5. Khao kh\u00e1t nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 hai<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o?\u00a0T\u00e1m Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0hay Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ecb\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 8 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 10 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong\u00a0c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e1nh. N\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e0.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng ai\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai\u00a0m\u00ea l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0m\u00ea l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f3ng tay h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>:\u00a0\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u0129 sao, m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0bao la<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u1edbn h\u01a1n?\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

– B\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0bao la<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 t\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f3ng tay c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

–\u00a0C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang sanh<\/span>\u00a0sau khi t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111<\/i>\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay\u00a0ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u00edt \u1ecfi.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0sau khi t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>,\u00a0s\u00fac sinh<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0mai m\u1ed9t<\/span>.\u00a0V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi cho\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Do hai \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u1ed1n\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y.\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng (h\u00e0nh). C\u00e1c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n (Danh s\u1eafc<\/span>). T\u00e2m v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e1u c\u0103n l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a X\u00fac.<\/span><\/p>\n

X\u00fac l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00c1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1i l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0(H\u1eefu).<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1eefu l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sinh l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e0, B\u1ec7nh, Ch\u1ebft, S\u1ea7u, Bi, Kh\u1ed5, \u01afu, N\u00e3o.\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Sinh v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5.\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.\u00a0Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0Sinh v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5.\u00a0Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 T\u1ea1o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a\u00a0V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.\u00a0Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebb t\u1ea1o ra\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>.\u00a0V\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ra\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y. V\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u00a0Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u00a0ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/span>\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ea1c th\u00fa?<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2013 L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u2013 \u0110\u00f3i v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u2013 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 \u1ea5y \u1edf trong\u00a0tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn? \u2013 Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 thanh l\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0thanh khi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ebfu\u00a0v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch<\/span>.\u00a0Th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 3 c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 cho 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c\u00a0c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, si (lobha, dosa, moha).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0(dana<\/i>)\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng tham (lobha).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0(sila)\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0(dosa).<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0(bhavana<\/i>)\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0si m\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0(moha<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt\u00a0tham lam<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1eef\u00a0n\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>.\u00a0N\u0103m gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng\u00a0s\u00e1t sanh<\/span>, d\u00f9\u00a0sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>,\u00a0d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1<\/span>, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t\u00a0ma t\u00fay<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ea v\u1ecdng<\/span>.\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec?\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 3\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>:\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0tham, s\u00e2n, si,\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng si,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n \u00edt, ng\u1ee7 \u00edt,\u00a0\u0103n chay<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ecdc kinh<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>.\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 u\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y,\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>. D\u1ee5c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean do ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n th\u00ec d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 32 ph\u1ea7n \u00f4 u\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau: T\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, r\u0103ng, m\u00f3ng, da, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee7y, th\u1eadn, tim, gan, ho\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4, m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t non, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, bao t\u1eed, ph\u00e2n, \u00f3c, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e0m, m\u00e1u, m\u1ee7, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ee1, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, d\u1ecbch v\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00f3c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o trong c\u01a1m, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3n ca-ri, th\u00ec c\u01a1m v\u00e0 m\u00f3n ca-ri \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111i\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0trong n\u1ed7i gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 khi h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1edfm, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac ch\u00fang c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u00ec do\u00a0l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u1eaft!<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>: Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean<\/span>, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi con tim \u0111ang s\u00f4i l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>, khi con tim \u0111ang b\u1ed1c l\u1eeda \u0111\u1eafm say m\u00e1i t\u00f3c h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/span>, th\u00ec ngh\u0129 m\u00e1i t\u00f3c \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a s\u00fap, th\u00ec n\u00f3\u00a0b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea5u xa<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cho n\u00ean tr\u00e1i tim\u00a0b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, do v\u1eady \u0111\u0129a s\u00fap ph\u1ea3i \u0111em \u0111\u1ed5\u00a0ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0trong n\u1ed7i gh\u00ea t\u1edfm.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u c\u00f3 hai ch\u00e2n!<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1eadn\u00a0trang ho\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau ph\u00eda sau nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 l\u1ee5a Bonares \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n y ch\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y y \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, b\u00e8n k\u00eau l\u00ean: \u201cN\u00e0y \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n gi\u00e0, anh \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00e1i tr\u00f2 qu\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ebf?\u201d Y\u00a0b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1p: \u201cB\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5y, t\u00f4i \u0111ang\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0trang ho\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u1ee5a qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n k\u00eau l\u00ean: \u201cAnh th\u1eadt \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3,\u00a0ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m l\u1ee5a qu\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u!\u201d \u2013 \u201cTh\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng th\u1ebf!\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0\u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0li\u1ec1n. \u201cV\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang g\u1eafng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 l\u1ee5a qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t; c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n g\u00ec c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau sau nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00a0s\u0103n s\u00f3c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i th\u00e2n b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u n\u00e0y \u2013 m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111i \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3.\u201d R\u1ed3i y nh\u1eafc th\u00eam l\u1eddi\u00a0c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Adhimutta: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u00e2n\u00a0th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3, trong khi\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea1n \u0111ang\u00a0suy s\u1ee5p<\/span>, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0Th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u1eed thi<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n \u1edf\u00a0ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ea5y h\u00f4m, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u1eed thi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 s\u00ecnh, b\u1ea7m xanh, gi\u00f2i b\u1ecd b\u00f2 ra t\u1eeb\u00a0ch\u00edn l\u1ed7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00ea t\u1edfm\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u1eed thi<\/span>\u00a0kinh kh\u1ee7ng<\/span>\u00a0kia b\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cNh\u01b0 t\u00f4i\u00a0hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/i>\u201d\u00a0Suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00ec\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m t\u01b0 s\u1ebd\u00a0hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2y ma bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd nh\u1eddm t\u1edfm v\u00e0 o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb nung n\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng tham v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t; do \u0111\u00f3\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tan r\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng hay ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng chung m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u nh\u01b0 nhau, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn\u00a0th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9i, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o!<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ecdi\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span>, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>, v\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ee5c. Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i cao<\/span>. D\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda. Khi d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb\u00a0ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/span>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m<\/span>. \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng th\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong\u00a0b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111am m\u00ea<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t T\u1ef7-kheo c\u00f3\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0cao, ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd n\u0103m b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Trong khi\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean,\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0\u00a0ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng\u00a0b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0xem x\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.\u00a0Quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0tai h\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u\u00a0l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

3. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eebng th\u00e8m\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u n\u1eefa, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

4. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u n\u00e0y tan \u0111i\u00a0li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y nhanh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i. V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, y \u0111i t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb\u00a0T\u1ef7 kheo<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eb9p tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0x\u1ea5u kia\u00a0c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

5. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ebfn r\u0103ng, \u00e1p s\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ed5 cho tan g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y \u0111i. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u00fam \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vai m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00f9n r\u1ed3i n\u00e9m y th\u1eadt xa,\u00a0c\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>, nh\u1edd\u00a0s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0g\u1eafng\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u s\u1ebd \u0111i qua v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd an tr\u1ee5\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>,\u00a0c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>,\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean \u0103n c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e0ng hay,\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n. V\u00ec, n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e9m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u than v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2, th\u00ec c\u00e1i l\u00f2 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f3ng, v\u00e0\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0103n m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0gi\u1edd ng\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0an to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0103n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i th\u00ec\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0\u0103n chay<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt\u00a0\u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0d\u1eef t\u1ee3n<\/span>. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng con c\u1ecdp, b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i m\u00e0 xem! C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0103n c\u1ecf nh\u01b0 nai, c\u1eebu \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh<\/span>.\u00a0\u0102n chay<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. R\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng rau, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con v\u01b0\u1ee3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0Ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t;\u00a0quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, y\u00eau\u00a0quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh, gh\u00e9t\u00a0tha nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gh\u00e9t m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0\u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 cha, ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1c v.v\u2026 c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>.\u201d\u00a0<\/i>V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0\u00a0b\u00e0 con<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>, cho n\u00ean\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00e0 con<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdn\u00a0\u0103n th\u1ecbt<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean ng\u1ee7 c\u00e0ng \u00edt c\u00e0ng hay.\u00a0To\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang \u1edf trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ch\u00e1y.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y? Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee7? Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd\u00a0t\u00e2m tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n tr\u00e1i tim sao? Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n kia m\u00e0! T\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n Smithsonian \u1edf Washington, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecbn \u0103n trong 40 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c\u00a0c\u01a1 quan<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n \u0111o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3. Sau 40 ng\u00e0y nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y gan, th\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u01a1 quan<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a y thu l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean th\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o th\u00ec v\u1eabn\u00a0y nguy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u01a1 quan<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1\u00a0hi sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. V\u00ec b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tr\u00e1i tim, n\u00ean \u00edt ra c\u0169ng\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a04 gi\u1edd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1i th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m n\u00ean\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp an tr\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1i th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam.\u00a0T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m th\u00ec ma ng\u1ee7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span>. V\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, n\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh\u00a0gi\u1eef g\u00ecn<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Con ngu\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n (pancakhandha<\/i>), do\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0(r\u00f9pa khandha<\/i>):\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0(vedana khandha<\/i>):\u00a0C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0(sanna khandha<\/i>):\u00a0Tri gi\u00e1c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0(sankhara<\/i>\u00a0khandha<\/i>):\u00a0Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0(vinnana<\/i>\u00a0khandha<\/i>):\u00a0Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0(anicca<\/i>), Kh\u1ed5 (dukkha<\/i>) v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0(anatta<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ed1ng nhau.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/span>; m\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec t\u1ef1a h\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3,\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, tai kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghe. Th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111am m\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft kh\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0\u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. M\u1eaft \u0111ang b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y; tai, m\u0169i, lu\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111ang b\u1ed1c l\u1eeda. Ch\u00e1y b\u1edfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ch\u00e1y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u v\u00e0 n\u00e3o!\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7t ng\u1ecdn\u00a0l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/span><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam d\u1ea7u n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p cao qu\u00ed.\u00a0Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n n\u1eefa. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>, nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026\u00a0Tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a06 c\u0103n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n s\u1ebd t\u1eaft, v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi 6 c\u0103n ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.\u00a0L\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1.\u00a0L\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec nh\u1ecf nhoi m\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0trung h\u00f2a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai kh\u1ecfi\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.\u00a0T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Khi\u00a0Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 vua c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft \u2013 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00f3m c\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111ang run r\u1ea9y, l\u00f4i h\u1eafn ra ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba hay m\u1ed9 huy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.\u00a0T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec ngay m\u1ed9t l\u00fac\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 50% s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>.\u00a0T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. V\u1eady h\u00e3y\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u00a0Di\u00eam v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 n\u00fai cao h\u01a1n ng\u1ecdn Hy-m\u00e3-l\u1ea1p s\u01a1n. M\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u00edch t\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n, khi c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a y b\u1ecb c\u1eaft nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0, con c\u1eebu, t\u00ean\u00a0\u0103n tr\u1ed9m<\/span>, k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a\u00a0t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/span>. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ngu\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y n\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u00edch t\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>. Do v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i v\u1ee9t ngay\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/span>. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia ph\u1ea3i\u00a0v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t<\/span>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m th\u00ec h\u1eb3n gh\u00e9t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>. Do b\u00e1m vo\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0 \u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt\u00a0hy sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch m\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n\u00a0minh kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o<\/span>, m\u1edbi\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eedu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>. B\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n? B\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.\u00a0V\u1eady th\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng?\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a tam h\u1ed3n?\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac? B\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u00f9, s\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00f9 l\u00f2a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>. V\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u0111au m\u1eaft. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ee1 v\u1ea3y c\u00e1 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng.\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y. Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd sung su\u1edbng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i!<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n nhanh ch\u00f3ng? Kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n. M\u1eaft \u0111ang b\u1ed1c l\u1eeda v\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n, si, sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u v\u00e0 n\u00e3o. Tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u1ed1c l\u1eeda v\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n, si, sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u v\u00e0 n\u00e3o.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00eam d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y\u00a0coi ch\u1eebng<\/span>\u00a06 c\u0103n!\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1edb \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o th\u00fa vui c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>. S\u00e1u c\u0103n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh c\u00f9i.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eebng g\u00e3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. M\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, tai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nghe. V\u1eady, ch\u1edb n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o th\u00fa vui c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan! Ch\u1edb n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i. C\u00e0ng u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1t b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o th\u00fa vui c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda s\u1ebd t\u1eaft v\u00ec h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? B\u1eb1ng\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. H\u00e3y\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. H\u00e3y th\u00e2u h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u1eeda\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o<\/span>. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1eddi ch\u1eefa l\u1eeda l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u00e3y\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean! H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh.\u00a0Chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda! H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh\u00a0chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c<\/span>. Khi\u00a0l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eaft, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1eaft\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0l\u1eeda d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eaft l\u1ecbm!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 2 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>: s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>. Trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>,\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o thay\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>. Suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 l\u1ebd\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, th\u1ea5y\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng!\u00a0Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1ebd\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p<\/span>, th\u1ea5y\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0hay m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/span>,\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f2ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>, th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay\u00a0s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0hy sinh<\/span>. H\u00e3y\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0“C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u1eefu”.\u00a0Hoan h\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u1eefu<\/span>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadt l\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0o! Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfm\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd khinh b\u1ec9\u00a0d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 o\u00e1n h\u1eddn\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111ang ch\u00e1y\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng nhau.\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0sinh th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ai\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, ai\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>, ai th\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v.v\u2026? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>. C\u00f3\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span><\/i>\u00a0th\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>.\u00a0Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span>. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y\u00a0t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi\u00a0gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eebng m\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa! T\u1ea1i sao\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n m\u00e3i? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean! Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n minh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n minh, v\u00e0\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>. Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n minh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111i tr\u00ean\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111i\u00ean d\u1ea1i<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00ecm c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0giao thi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed. B\u1ea1n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ea3? Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m no b\u1ee5ng. H\u00e3y\u00a0ngoan ngo\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>.\u00a0T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd l\u00e0m\u00a0th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim.\u00a0\u0110\u1ecdc kinh<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.\u00a0Th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>. S\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd l\u00e0m\u00a0gia t\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e2m linh<\/span>.\u00a0M\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3ng s\u1ebd sa l\u1ea7y trong v\u0169ng b\u00f9n\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0Coi ch\u1eebng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00e2m! \u0110\u1eebng\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3 \u0111i lang thang ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 kia! T\u1eadp trung s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o\u00a0h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/span>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt<\/span>, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 ba\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y, trong\u00a0y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0t\u01b0 duy<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p<\/span><\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ngay\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0\u201cTrong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>). Trong c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>).\u201d\u00a0<\/i>Do \u0111\u00f3, trong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y th\u00f4i, trong c\u00e1i nghe ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nghe th\u00f4i, trong\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0th\u00f4i, trong c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft th\u00f4i; b\u1edfi v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. V\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, n\u00ean b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. Do b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t! Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, th\u00ec ai \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5? \u0110\u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. H\u00e3y\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ni\u1ec1m\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh c\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n!<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3; v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u tho\u1ea3ng qua, m\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0tho\u1ea3ng qua th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.\u00a0To\u00e0n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>.\u00a0Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>, th\u1ea5y\u00a0m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0(ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>), th\u00ec\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0t\u01b0 duy<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng trong\u00a0t\u01b0 duy<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng<\/span>, khi c\u00e1i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t,\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1,\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>.\u00a0C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>,\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, trong \u1ea5y \u00e1nh\u00a0s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0tu\u1ec7\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0soi chi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea m\u1edd c\u1ee7a\u00a0V\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb\u00a0qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0b\u00ed quy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp trung\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0trong\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4i<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00e1i t\u00f4i<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong khi b\u1ea1n \u0111ang\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n n\u1ed7i gh\u00ea t\u1edfm,\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo trong khi \u0111ang\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111ang th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c nghe m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00e2m thanh<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c vui, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c\u00a0v\u00f4 k\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111ang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed7i\u00a0ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0gh\u00ea t\u1edfm v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. N\u1ed7i\u00a0ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0gh\u00ea t\u1edfm v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ly khai b\u1ea1n\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n s\u1ef1\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng!<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ai lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u1edbi c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0vui v\u1ebb<\/span>,\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong c\u00e1ch\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0Ng\u00e3<\/i>\u00a0n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/i>, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>.\u00a0Coi ch\u1eebng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n,\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0xem ch\u00fang\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n ni\u1ec1m\u00a0hoan h\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 n\u1ed7i\u00a0ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t<\/span>\u00a0gh\u00ea t\u1edfm v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>,\u00a0ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1n b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e2u l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i b\u1edfi 6 c\u0103n s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n kia. V\u1eady, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0d\u1eadp t\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111ang r\u1ef1c ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a 6 c\u0103n. Khi 6 c\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u1ed3i\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0tinh ti\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7!<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0\u00a0ng\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng<\/span>, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a08\u00a0Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ai bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0ni\u1ec1m\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, g\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c cho tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ea7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n h\u1eb3n\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdc,\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd t\u1edbi v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mong b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh! Mong r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n vinh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ba\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t suy t\u00f4n\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i theo<\/span>\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.\u00a0\u0110i theo<\/span>\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd s\u1edbm\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>. Mong b\u1ea1n\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng!\u00a0C\u1ea7u ch\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi!<\/span><\/p>\n

    TINH TH\u1ea6N<\/span>\u00a0C\u1edeI M\u1ede\u00a0KHOAN DUNG<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n
    \u0110<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    \u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0du nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n 2000 n\u0103m.\u00a0Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y<\/span>, c\u00f3 l\u00fac\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00e0i x\u00edch<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee5c,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn\u00a0ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u1eed th\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong\u00a0kinh Ph\u00e1p hoa<\/span>, ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u00a0ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>, ch\u00f3ng\u00a0th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span>. Do th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0xem nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00e2n nh\u00e2n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0thi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>, n\u00ean d\u00f9 ki\u1ebfp\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u00e1c t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt,\u00a0sau khi ch\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn\u00a0th\u1ecd k\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0cho \u00f4ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>. \u0110\u1ecdc qua \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kho\u00e1i, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec u\u1ea9n kh\u00fac gi\u1eefa\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 khai th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0noi theo. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>,\u00a0H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>\u00a0(768 – 824) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 Nho\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7<\/span>, t\u1eebng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c r\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb Hi\u1ebfn T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u Ch\u00e2u. Trong l\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00ec gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i<\/span>, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, r\u1ed3i\u00a0th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u00ean<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110i\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0chung c\u1ee5c\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0H\u00e0n D\u0169<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau (?-1314) \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. Khi so\u1ea1n b\u00e0i k\u00fd Th\u00e1p Linh T\u1ebf \u1edf n\u00fai D\u1ee5c Th\u00fay v\u00e0 b\u00e0i\u00a0bia ch\u00f9a<\/span>\u00a0Khai Nghi\u00eam, \u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao\u00a0Nho gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cNh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh u nh\u00e3 thanh k\u1ef3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eefa …. v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay th\u00e1nh tri\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf mang\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0phong t\u1ee5c\u00a0suy \u0111\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0d\u1ecb \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i tr\u00fat b\u1ecf,\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0v.v…\u201d\u00a0<\/i>Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, khi cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 \u1edf n\u00fai D\u1ee5c Th\u00fay v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0u nh\u00e0n m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i\u00a0d\u1ecb \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00fat b\u1ecf. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai D\u1ee5c Th\u00fay r\u1ea5t\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Non xanh xanh v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Du nh\u00e2n \u0111i m\u00e3i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    S\u00f3ng in b\u00f3ng th\u00e1p B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1edf toang c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n m\u00e2y,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eddi l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nay,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u00e2n nh\u00e0n m\u1edbi\u00a0bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00e0y l\u1ea7m to,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u00eanh m\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m h\u1ed3,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00f2m r\u00e2u c\u0169, bi\u1ebft\u00a0th\u0103m d\u00f2<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e1n Si\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafm th\u00eda nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i\u00a0th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0trong ch\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0danh l\u1ee3i<\/span>\u00a0vinh li\u1ec1n nh\u1ee5c,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c\u00a0tr\u1ea7n ai<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f3c l\u1ed9n c\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng manh,\u00a0th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u00e9 b\u1ecfng. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u00a0ung dung<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u phong ba b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i,\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u00e1t khao t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ai d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0bao gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa b\u1ea3ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 khoa B\u00f9i H\u1eefu Ngh\u0129a (1807-1972), khi so\u1ea1n b\u1ed5n tu\u1ed3ng Kim Th\u1ea1ch K\u1ef3 Duy\u00ean, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 \u00f4ng b\u1ee1n c\u1ee3t c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, l\u00fac \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi,\u00a0b\u00e0i v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u1ec1 th\u1edd \u1edf ch\u00f9a, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i cho \u00f4ng.\u00a0Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y, h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o, c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0kia th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u00f9 m\u1edd l\u1ea9n th\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh<\/span>, b\u1ea1n th\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t,\u00a0x\u1eed s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng\u00a0bao dung<\/span>, th\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, trong l\u00fac d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a c\u0169ng\u00a0t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0chung\u00a0gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy v\u1eady, khi\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Yersin t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Nha Trang n\u0103m 1943, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh hai ch\u00f9a Long S\u01a1n v\u00e0\u00a0Long Tuy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111em linh v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u00e1c s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 th\u1edd t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 gi\u1ed7 cho \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t\u00a0long tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Yersin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0\u00a0nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft\u00a0x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u00f4ng t\u1eebng gi\u00fap \u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Nha Trang r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>, h\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec li\u1ec1n x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 s\u1ea1ch tr\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m 1963, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u01a1n ph\u00e1p n\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u<\/span>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t\u00a0Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111u\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0soi s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i b\u00f9ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ec9a mai<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu: \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu x\u0103ng th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho th\u00eam\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0L\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m\u00a0ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0, h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ai treo gi\u00e1\u00a0t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Nhu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb\u00a0x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 ch\u0103ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb con r\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a con ng\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:\u00a0\u201cN\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0t\u00f4n t\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con t\u00f4i n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0theo\u00a0lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0chung h\u1eefu b\u00e1o (l\u00e0nh d\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m 1988, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00e0i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00fd ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i<\/span>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.\u00a0V\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0t\u00f4n t\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ai\u00a0than phi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00e0o.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd, h\u1ec5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec\u00a0tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c\u00a0l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o\u00a0s\u01b0 V\u0169<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9\u00a0nh\u00e2n danh<\/span>\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ebft\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00e0i Th\u01b0 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00eam\u00a0t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0thi h\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Du (1765-1820) khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 kinh\u00a0Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i \u00fd kinh:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c\u00a0Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebfn linh,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    K\u1ef3 trung \u00e1o\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111a<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t minh,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1o ph\u00e2n kinh th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0i h\u1ea1,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00e0i tri v\u00f4\u00a0t\u1ef1 th\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n kinh<\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ta t\u1eebng ngh\u00ecn b\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecdc\u00a0Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0\u0111a ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eb3ng\u00a0t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1 ph\u00e2n kinh khi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3,<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    Bi\u1ebft kinh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eef m\u1edbi ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i b\u1eadc\u00a0ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0\u00a0b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n (1726-1784) khi \u00f4ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 vi<\/span>, cao si\u00eau\u00a0t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc\u00a0cao minh<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi\u00a0b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u1ec1\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>. Nh\u00e0 Nho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef\u00a0th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ecd kia,\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng hay<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eaft b\u1ebb, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u0103ng?\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0bao la<\/span>, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i ngang d\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft, hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec\u00a0ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c\u00a0ly k\u1ef3<\/span>, \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0tin, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00ea bai c\u1ea3 Ti\u00ean Ph\u1eadt, sao m\u00e0 h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i th\u1ebf?\u00a0Than \u00f4i!<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng ch\u1edf kinh sang\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay r\u1ed3i m\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0huy\u1ec1n vi<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa anh minh, khanh t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0danh v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n\u00a0b\u00e0i b\u00e1c<\/span>, d\u1eb9p tr\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng chung c\u1ee5c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec sao\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i l\u1eafm l\u1eddi ch\u00ea bai \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y v\u1ea1 mi\u1ec7ng?\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(Ki\u1ebfn V\u0103n<\/span>\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u L\u1ee5c<\/i>, q.9. tr.1)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Qua hai t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Du tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed7i khi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u00fac h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng khi\u00eam h\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/span>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc\u00a0bi tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean dung<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    NG\u0168 U\u1ea8N<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n
    \u0110<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    \u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 ra<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0m\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/span>. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y g\u1ed3m hai\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m hay\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>, m\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a\u00a0ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    U\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0\u00a0skandha<\/i>,\u00a0c\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u1ea5m hay ch\u00fang,\u00a0t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n. U\u1ea9n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0che khu\u1ea5t<\/span>, ch\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>, v\u00e0 u\u1ea9n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00edch t\u1ee5<\/span>. C\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a05 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 chung cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m<\/span>\u00a05 c\u0103n v\u00e0 5 c\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 4\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng<\/span>: \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong. \u0110\u1ecba bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng, th\u1ee7y bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt, h\u1ecfa bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 phong bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1eeba<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>, b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kia ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>. Ba\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0– t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. M\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 5 u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf c\u00f5i\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 u\u1ea9n th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>. V\u00ec\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span>. (Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3<\/i>n,\u00a0\u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o<\/span>, tr.582a).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0cho c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi l\u1ea1nh n\u00f3ng,\u00a0\u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span>, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ru\u1ed3i mu\u1ed7i, n\u1eafng gi\u00f3 v.v… b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd.\u00a0C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0vui,\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5,\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0vui.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u1edfng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5. Nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng v.v\u2026 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span>. L\u00e0m cho\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eafc v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd, h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c v\u1ecb chua, ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1eafng, cay, m\u1eb7n, l\u1ea1t v.v\u2026 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/i>. (Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0III<\/i>, tr.105)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u00eam v\u1ec1\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0t\u00ecm ra<\/span>\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi\u00a0si m\u00ea<\/span>, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi n\u0103m\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo,\u00a0h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i s\u1eafc m\u00e0\u00a0sinh kh\u1edfi<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc.\u00a0T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5,\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng\u00a0tham d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ecfi s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/i>\u201d. (\u0110\u1ea1i Kinh m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7t<\/span>, Kinh\u00a0Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0III<\/i>, tr.123-5).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>, th\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0Vis\u00e0kha \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd\u00a0Ni s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0Dhammadinna\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0Ni s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1\u00a0c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cN\u00e0y\u00a0hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0Visakha, c\u00f3 3 th\u1ecd l\u00e0:\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd<\/span>,\u00a0kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5\u00a0b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoan kho\u00e1i,\u00a0th\u00edch th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0vui l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5\u00a0b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd. Trong\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd<\/span>, tham\u00a0t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Trong\u00a0kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd<\/span>, s\u00e2n\u00a0t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>. Trong b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5\u00a0b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd,\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d.\u00a0<\/i>V\u00e0\u00a0ni s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i th\u00eam:\u00a0\u201cN\u00e0y Vis\u00e0kha, v\u1ecb\u00a0h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0ly d\u1ee5c<\/span>, ly\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa\u00a0s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c do\u00a0ly d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0sinh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. Do v\u1eady, tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham\u00a0t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. R\u1ed3i v\u1ecb \u1ea5y\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>:\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u0111ang\u00a0an tr\u00fa<\/span>. V\u00ec\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y n\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00ean suy t\u01b0. Do v\u1eady, s\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u00e2n\u00a0t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5,\u00a0di\u1ec7t h\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 – kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>. Do v\u1eady,\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(Kinh\u00a0Trung b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>\u00a0I, tr.302-3).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span>, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    a.N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u00a0l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m, b\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00eau nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cS\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi\u00a0bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span>, ch\u1ec9\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ch\u1ed1c l\u00e1t r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0v\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ea7ng\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>, ch\u1ec9\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u l\u1ea1i tan m\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, tuy th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u1edfn s\u01a1, b\u1ee5 b\u1eabm, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1ed9t d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1eb9 t\u1eeb<\/i>\u00a0ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o v\u1eadt do nh\u00e0\u00a0\u1ea3o thu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ra<\/span>, tr\u00f4ng tuy\u00a0ng\u1ed9 ngh\u0129nh<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c<\/i>. (Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0III, tr.167)<\/span><\/p>\n

    b.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh tan\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a T\u1ef7-kheo Yaraka,\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y 5 u\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o: \u201cV\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb\u00a0\u00e1c t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, y\u00a0gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0xin \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0tin c\u1eady<\/span>, y\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn<\/span>, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9,\u00a0th\u1ee9c khuya<\/span>, d\u1eady s\u1edbm, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhanh nh\u1eb9n, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o,\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i y. Y b\u00e8n r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/span>, l\u00fac \u00f4ng \u1ea5y m\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>, y li\u1ec1n\u00a0s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng ta\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9<\/span><\/i>\u00a0III, tr.134).<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n 5 u\u1ea9n.\u00a0B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n b\u1ecb n\u00f3\u00a0sai khi\u1ebfn<\/span>, l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt\u00a0n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>,\u00a0b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0oan u\u1ed5ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    c.\u00a0\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng<\/span>: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia n\u1eb1m\u00a0h\u00f3ng m\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y<\/span>\u00a0xo\u00e0i – c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n<\/span>. Anh ta nghe ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i r\u1ee5ng:\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0– anh tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i ch\u00edn m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng –\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n<\/span>. Anh b\u00e8n\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eb7t xo\u00e0i r\u1ed3i \u0103n –\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n<\/span>. Khi \u0103n, anh bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i chua hay ng\u1ecdt –\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    d.<\/i><\/b>\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, n\u00ean xem 5 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n. Do ch\u01b0a l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi\u00a0tham lam<\/span>,\u00a0d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng<\/span>, t\u00e2m c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0si m\u00ea<\/span>\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng 5 u\u1ea9n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span>, ti\u00eau vong, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2m ra\u00a0\u01b0u s\u1ea7u<\/span>,\u00a0kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0III, 3).<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0h\u00ecnh dung<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0x\u1eed s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u00ed nh\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 b\u1ecb d\u00e2y th\u1eebng c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u00a0xung quanh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, k\u1ebb\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u00a0xung quanh<\/span>\u00a05\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n 5\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i g\u1ea7n 5\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh 5\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y<\/i>\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span><\/i>\u00a0III, tr.180).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i:\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 vui.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi<\/span>.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n\u00a0ch\u00ed th\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    e.<\/i><\/b>\u00a0Th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh,\u00a0h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tu t\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng xem s\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i; kh\u00f4ng xem th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0(cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft 5 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/span>,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0v\u1ecb lai<\/span>, n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, qu\u00ed hay ti\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0quan s\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Nh\u1edd\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd sinh ra\u00a0nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a05 u\u1ea9n. V\u00ec\u00a0nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tham \u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>. Trong khi\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. (Kinh\u00a0Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0I, tr.138).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a 5 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ef3-kheo Vakkali tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, khi \u00f4ng \u0111au n\u1eb7ng: B\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>, s\u1eafc l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, c\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1\u00a0bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i<\/span>. Con kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0nghi ng\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3 con kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tham, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u00a0l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1eafc. B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. C\u00e1i g\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u1ed5 \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1\u00a0bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i<\/span>. Con kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0nghi ng\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0g\u00ec v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, con kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ham mu\u1ed1n<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u01b0a th\u00edch<\/span>,\u00a0l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n. (Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0III, tr.147).<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t T\u1ef3-kheo khi \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0li\u1ec1n\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>:\u00a0C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng\u00a0hoan h\u1ef7<\/span>. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd hay b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5\u00a0b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c<\/span>. Khi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>, hay\u00a0sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu<\/span>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng sau khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i,\u00a0m\u1ec7nh chung<\/span>, m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0(m\u00e1t m\u1ebb<\/span>,\u00a0tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i<\/span>). (Kinh\u00a0Trung b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0III, tr.462).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Xuy\u00ean qua<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n, 5 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/span>, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i kh\u00f4 khan, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f3\u00a0ti\u00eau h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fd\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 5 u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00d3 M\u1ed8T B\u1eacC \u0110\u1ea0O S\u01af NH\u01af TH\u1ebe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n
    <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 623 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Th\u00edch-ca ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0<\/span>\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u1ea3n sinh t\u1ea1i qu\u1eadn Nepal. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0<\/span>nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/span>nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u1ea3nh\u00a0<\/span>xa hoa<\/span>, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee5 n\u1ec1\u00a0<\/span>gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 con nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span>B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/span>cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui\u00a0<\/span>v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1n cung \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0<\/span>\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0<\/span>c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh\u00a0<\/span>sung t\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ed3n vinh, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>. T\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0<\/span>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0<\/span>th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y.\u00a0<\/span>Th\u1eddi gian<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn m\u00f9i \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ng\u00e0i ra \u0111i. Nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0<\/span>t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/span>d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c<\/span>, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 29 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0<\/span>t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0<\/span>l\u1ea1c th\u00fa<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c<\/span>, kho\u00e1c chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o v\u00e0ng\u00a0<\/span>\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0<\/span>tu s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh<\/span>, tay tr\u1eafng,\u00a0<\/span>du h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0<\/span>\u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<\/span>an l\u00e0nh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1\u00a0xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu<\/span>\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>; v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac\u00a0tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00fac thanh xu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong c\u1ea3nh\u00a0ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3nh\u00a0sung t\u00fac<\/span>. T\u1eeb\u00a0th\u1eddi x\u01b0a<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u1eeb phi<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0\u00e9p x\u00e1c kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0\u201cH\u1ebft\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0kia, h\u1ebft\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/i>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0trong su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a06 n\u0103m r\u00f2ng r\u00e3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e0ng\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e2n x\u00e1c,\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng l\u00f9i xa. C\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1edd\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 \u00edch<\/span>, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m\u00a0suy y\u1ebfu<\/span>\u00a0c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e3i ho\u00e3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Khai th\u00e1c\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y,\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i theo<\/span>\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/span>, tr\u00e1nh hai\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/span>:\u00a0ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c<\/span>. S\u1ed1ng\u00a0ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m cho\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed \u00f3c\u00a0suy y\u1ebfu<\/span>.\u00a0Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u0103m 35 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i mai\u00a0t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh<\/span>, khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u v\u00e0o\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9\u00a0tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c\u00a0c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/span>,\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>,\u00a0th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i\u00a0thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0cao th\u00e2m \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n; Ng\u00e0i d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0cao qu\u00fd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, b\u1eb1ng\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sau 45 n\u0103m\u00a0ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>\u00a0thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>,\u00a0tu\u00e2n theo<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0khe kh\u1eaft,\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 80 tu\u1ed5i. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y xem\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i sinh ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai\u00a0hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span>. May thay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f3a n\u00e0o trong\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean<\/span>, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o\u00a0\u201ct\u1eebng\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng\u00a0th\u1ea7n linh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Vishnu\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tin, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0khuy\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>, v\u00ec s\u1ef1\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3\u00a0thanh minh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0\u201cC\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>, c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0\u201d<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, c\u00f2n b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 theo\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cTr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u201d<\/i>.\u00a0Tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Parinibbana Sutta):\u00a0\u201cC\u00e1c con h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, ch\u1edb t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d<\/i>. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>. Ch\u00fang\u00a0bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft bao\u00a0sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh;\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft bao, khi\u00a0t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp\u00a0lai sinh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi\u00a0c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0nghi l\u1ec5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n ri\u00eang. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee9c\u00a0ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t c\u1edfi m\u1edf. Ng\u00e0i khai th\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eb3ng\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3<\/span>. Theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u mong\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 h\u1ecd, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n\u00a0x\u01b0a nay<\/span>\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>.\u00a0Theo quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00ec\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb\u00a0m\u00ea l\u1ea7m<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0v\u00f4 minh<\/span>. Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef ri\u00eang\u00a0tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a0cao si\u00eau cho m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecd noi theo Ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong m\u1ecdi\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. Theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang th\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khao kh\u00e1t\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (Bodhisatta) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed.\u00a0L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u1ea7y l\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra gi\u1eefa\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb k\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea7y, v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 g\u00ec cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng\u00a0thanh khi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0to\u00e0n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u0169 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh\u00a0n\u00f4 l\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>, th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 cao\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1\u00a0n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng\u00a0Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u00e1o s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0trung gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb k\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea7y\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>. Ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i, d\u1ea1y s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1\u00a0h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong m\u1ecdi\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng \u2013 cao hay th\u1ea5p,\u00a0Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/span>, cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadt m\u1ed9t trang s\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbc mong<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u00e0u da,\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, s\u1ed1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i\u00a0l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i hay\u00a0l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0\u00a0cho ph\u00e9p<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0i kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0x\u1ea5u s\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0l\u1eddi an \u1ee7i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt b\u1ecb\u00a0ru\u1ed3ng b\u1ecf<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0n\u00e2ng cao<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea7m than<\/span>, l\u00e0m cho\u00a0thanh khi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>\u00a0sa \u0111\u1ecda. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i<\/span>,\u00a0h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia r\u1ebd,\u00a0soi s\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebb l\u1ea7m m\u00ea,\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y tu huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed,\u00a0d\u00ecu d\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebb\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u0103ng ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, nh\u1eefng\u00a0Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e0m phu<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau k\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng v\u00ec vua ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u1eefng Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed\u00a0qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 danh<\/span>, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u\u00a0ph\u00fa h\u00e0o<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0\u00a0keo ki\u1ec7t<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0\u00a0ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c b\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p<\/span>, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i\u00a0giang h\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb khinh r\u1ebb \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. D\u00e1ng\u00a0thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft\u00a0th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh<\/span>. S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0\u00a0bao dung<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0hoan ngh\u00eanh<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec1m\u00a0h\u00e2n hoan<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4n t\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai\u00a0may m\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd\u00a0v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0phai m\u1edd<\/span>. S\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c theo\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0T\u00edch Lan<\/span>, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Th\u00e1i Lan, Campuchia,\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>, L\u00e0o, Nepal,\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/span>, Trung Hoa,\u00a0M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean<\/span>,\u00a0Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0trong c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1eadc\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m,\u00a0v\u1eady m\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00dd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u xa<\/span>,\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn,\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0thanh khi\u1ebft<\/span>, nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u00a0h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/span>, nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103m\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay\u00a0hoan ngh\u00eanh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0s\u01b0\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ecf l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u00f4n k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, Sri Radha-Krishna\u00a0nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0Gautama,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>,\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ai v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0\u00a0s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o. Ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/span>, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0di s\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0chung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c<\/span>, v\u00e0 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0linh,\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc H.G.Wells vi\u1ebft:\u00a0\u201cQua\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e3n d\u1ecb, nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh,\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n\u00a0c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ban cho<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0<\/i>ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tranh ch\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u do l\u00f2ng\u00a0v\u1ecb k\u1ef7<\/span>. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb k\u1ef7<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/span>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao c\u1ea3. N\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c C\u01a1<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1c, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0h\u00e3y t\u1ef1\u00a0qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh<\/span>. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u00e1nh Hilaire\u00a0nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/span>:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y \u2026\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1\u201d<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Fausboll n\u00f3i:\u00a0\u201cC\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau, t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau\u201d<\/i>. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00eam\u00a0t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam:\u00a0\u201cC\u00e0ng y\u00eau Ng\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau, t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau\u201d<\/i>. (Tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb BUD-DHISM INANUTSHELL, Narada Thera).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>, P.L. 2538<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u0102N MINH<\/span>\u00a0C\u1eecA THI\u1ec0N<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n\n\n\n
    \u0110<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    \u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta g\u1ea7n 2000 n\u0103m\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u1ea3i qua<\/span>\u00a0bao cu\u1ed9c\u00a0th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m<\/span>,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>. L\u00e0m sao\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung nhi\u1ebfp v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n minh<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n?<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp\u00a0sinh ho\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0\u00a0g\u1eafn b\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00f9a. V\u00ec chu\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 chu\u00f4ng\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ed3ng chung<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng chung<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i chu\u00f4ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ec ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 vang kh\u1eafp\u00a0ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0xa x\u00f4i\u00a0t\u1ed1i t\u0103m<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0(Nguy\u1ec7n th\u1eed chung thinh si\u00eau\u00a0ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/span>;\u00a0Thi\u1ebft vi<\/span>\u00a0u \u00e1m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea5t giai v\u0103n<\/i>). Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed5 s\u00e0ng\u00a0tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh chu\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh chu\u00f4ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m\u00a0nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>,\u00a0cung k\u00ednh<\/span>,\u00a0\u0103n m\u1eb7c<\/span>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m d\u00f9i th\u1ee9c chu\u00f4ng, m\u1eddi\u00a0ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y bay theo\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang c\u00f2n ch\u00ecm trong c\u01a1n m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ed3i<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f9 th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea1n chung ch\u00e0ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1i gia lung.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p vang l\u00ean tan m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Chu\u00f4ng ch\u00f9a lay t\u1ec9nh kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u01a1i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, d\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e3ng t\u1eed\u00a0phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u, m\u1ed7i khi nghe\u00a0ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tho\u1ea3ng b\u00ean tai m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng ch\u00e0y k\u00ecnh<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00e1ch tang h\u1ea3i gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh trong\u00a0gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ed1ng\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p (ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5<\/span>) ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ed1ng\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>; v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng tr\u1ed1ng\u00a0B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean\u00a0ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a<\/span>, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm mai, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ed1ng<\/i>, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng chu\u00f4ng, tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng mang m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0cao qu\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed<\/span>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb<\/span>\u00a0bi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0Thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 ch\u01a1i v\u01a1i.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n ch\u1edf bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ebfn b\u1edd\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1eeda\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u1ea7n\u00a0tr\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t<\/span>\u00a0ni\u1ec7m\u00a0Nam m\u00f4 Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u1eeda\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bao.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng\u00a0B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>,\u00a0thuy\u1ec1n B\u00e1t nh\u00e3<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111u\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111u\u1ed1c tu\u1ec7:<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1eafp \u0111u\u1ed1c tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ea t\u0103m t\u1ed1i<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Dong thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5\u00a0tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span><\/i>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu\u00f4ng l\u1eeda\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1ea1i th\u1ea3y r\u1eebng t\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u1ea7m\u00a0ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, qu\u00e9t cho xong\u00a0t\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0thu\u1edf nay<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngo\u00e0i ra<\/span>, c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/span>; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0danh hi\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00eam h\u1ea1, t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0:\u00a0b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i>,\u00a0b\u1ea7n t\u0103ng<\/span><\/i>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0tu h\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span>, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ea1p tang<\/i>, \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y m\u1eb7c \u00e1o v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n,\u00a0v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3<\/span>, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0thanh cao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o m\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1 l\u1ed9:<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f9ng\u00a0Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0kh\u1ea9u x\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea7n<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1eadt th\u1ecb th\u00e2n b\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t b\u1ea7n<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea7n t\u1eafc th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng phi l\u0169 h\u1ea1t,<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1eafc t\u00e2m t\u00e0ng\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f9ng\u00a0Th\u00edch t\u1eed<\/span>, mi\u1ec7ng x\u01b0ng ngh\u00e8o.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1eb3ng ngh\u00e8o.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngh\u00e8o m\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o v\u00e1.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1t\u00a0minh ch\u00e2u<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea7n t\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0<\/i>cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ed1ng\u00a0kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span>, l\u00e0m k\u1ebb\u00a0kh\u1ea5t s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0\u0111i\u00a0du h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y, xin v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c qua ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng\u00a0s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f9 du ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu, l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>, c\u00f2n\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u\u00a0Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn\u00a0ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0tu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1i tu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9\u00a0ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 qu\u00ed gi\u00e1. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0dung d\u1ecb<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u1ea5t b\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0thi\u00ean gia<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea1n,<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f4 th\u00e2n\u00a0v\u1ea1n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0du.<\/span><\/p>\n

    K\u1ef3 v\u1ecb\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1,<\/span><\/p>\n

    Gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 xu\u00e2n thu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t b\u00e1t xin ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m xa.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t Ta-b\u00e0.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c\u00a0kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mang\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb k\u1ef7<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00ec c\u01a1m \u00e1o cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u00e0 v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ecb tha<\/span>, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0k\u1ebft duy\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span>, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd\u00a0b\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t \u00edt t\u00e0i v\u1eadt b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0vun b\u00f3n<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i n\u1ea9y l\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t khi m\u1ea7m\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>;\u00a0c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u01a1 T\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng\u00a0trong s\u1ea1ch<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00e2u c\u00f2n ng\u1edd h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Di \u0110\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng soi,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Chi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecdc t\u00ecm v\u1ec1\u00a0C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa,\u00a0th\u00ed ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0kh\u1ea5t s\u0129<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0khinh su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 ban ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span>, m\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u1eed ch\u1ec9<\/span>\u00a0cung k\u00ednh<\/span>,\u00a0l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0Th\u1ef1c ra<\/span>\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb cho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Do th\u1ebf,\u00a0th\u00ed ch\u1ee7<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb mang\u00a0\u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span>, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban\u00a0\u00e2n hu\u1ec7<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n ngh\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng,\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>, h\u1ecd\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m<\/span>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0cung k\u00ednh<\/span>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0v\u0103n minh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u00a0v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u00e0, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecd \u0111ang r\u1ea5t\u00a0ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n<\/span>, r\u1ea5t\u00a0thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, l\u00e0\u00a0Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u01b0 m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>\u00a0mu\u1ed1n trao truy\u1ec1n cho nh\u1eefng ai\u00a0kh\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/span>. Do v\u1eady, khi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/span>:\u00a0<\/i>v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>, hay l\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u00e1p v\u0169<\/span><\/i>: r\u01b0\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/span>,\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng mang\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0ngh\u00e8o gi\u00e0u, l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ai.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0mang \u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p v\u0169<\/span>\u00a0hay\u00a0mang \u01a1n<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p nh\u0169<\/span>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a ph\u00e1p, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng s\u1eefa ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ea5t s\u1eefa ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ec9nh,\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>, v\u01a1i b\u1edbt n\u00e3o phi\u1ec1n trong ch\u1ed1n\u00a0tr\u1ea7n lao<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u1ea1 chi v\u1eeba b\u00e9n m\u00f9i thi\u1ec1n<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u00e0 tr\u0103m n\u00e3o v\u1edbi ng\u00e0n phi\u1ec1n s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ebf c\u00f2n\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec sao?- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0khi\u00a0\u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0103n l\u00e0\u00a0Th\u1ecd trai.<\/i>\u00a0Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c chay l\u1ea1t,\u00a0thanh \u0111\u1ea1m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111e t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi\u00a0duy tr\u00ec<\/span>\u00a0s\u1eafc th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0huy\u1ec5n h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u1ecdi\u00a0th\u1ee9c \u0103n<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0D\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xem n\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0\u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0hi\u1ec3m l\u1ed9 tr\u1ea7n gian \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0quan ni\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0quy lu\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i. Khi sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p d\u0129 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/span>.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1ec1\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0sinh th\u1ec3 th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Sinh<\/i>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3n sinh,<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea3n<\/i>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0tin m\u1eebng<\/span>, m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u00f5i Ta b\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y. V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0soi t\u1ecf tr\u1ea7n gian, d\u1eaft d\u00ecu\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua<\/span>\u00a0s\u00f4ng m\u00ea b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0hy h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m m\u1edbi\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/span>, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3n sinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u1ea9n d\u1ee5<\/span>\u00a0b\u1eb1ng\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e0m b\u00e1t\u00a0hoa khai<\/span><\/i>\u00a0– \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa sen<\/span>\u00a0n\u1edf. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, \u0111\u00f3a sen m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb trong ch\u1ed7 b\u00f9n nh\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u00f9n, t\u1ecfa h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t.\u00a0C\u0169ng th\u1ebf<\/span>,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ra \u0111\u1eddi trong\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0lao kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ee5y, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 sinh \u1eaft c\u00f3 t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00e1i\u00a0ni\u1ec7m t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0(ch\u1ebft) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u1ea5t trong\u00a0ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0nao n\u00fang,\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t\u00a0thanh th\u1ea3n<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/span>, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n,\u00a0t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0v.v… m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00e3ng sinh<\/span><\/i>, hay\u00a0si\u00eau sinh<\/span><\/i>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e1c, hay sinh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>; th\u1ebf c\u00f2n\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac qua \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ecbch,\u00a0t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/span><\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span><\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 l\u1ee5y, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0y\u00ean t\u0129nh trong c\u00f5i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0T\u1eeb Minh<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t n\u00ean th\u01a1:\u00a0Sinh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafp ch\u0103n \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u1eed nh\u01b0 c\u1edfi \u00e1o h\u1ea1<\/i>. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafp ch\u0103n b\u00f4ng,\u00a0m\u00f9a h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1edfi \u00e1o tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u00f2n g\u00ec\u00a0th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n!<\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f4i khi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0li\u1ec5u, li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u00a0<\/i>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\u00a0k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/span>\u00a0d\u00f2ng\u00a0sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0vi\u00ean m\u00e3n<\/span>, \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f5i\u00a0an t\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0– d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch\u00a0ba \u0111\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0tham, s\u00e2n, si. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00f3a<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u1ecda h\u00f3a<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u00f3a sinh<\/span>, hay ng\u1ed3i\u00a0an nhi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0si\u00eau tho\u00e1t<\/span>. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u00e0m hoa<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1c kh\u1ee9<\/i>\u00a0–\u00a0hoa sen<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i \u0111i; hay\u00a0ch\u00edch l\u00fd T\u00e2y quy –<\/i>\u00a0qu\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc d\u00e9p\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0T\u00e2y.\u00a0S\u1ef1 t\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i\u00a0truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0T\u1ed5\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1t Ma<\/span>\u00a0sau khi\u00a0vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1eb7p Ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc d\u00e9p\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0Thi\u00ean tr\u00fac<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0xin n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i\u00a0ni\u1ec7m V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m mang\u00a0\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>. Tuy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0bi quan<\/span>, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/span>; nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0bi quan<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng\u00a0l\u1ea1c quan<\/span>, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0quan<\/i>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn\u00a0v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ed1n\u00a0h\u01b0 \u1ea3o<\/span>, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n,\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>, d\u00e1m\u00a0qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0cho\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i bi<\/span>, nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a\u00a0Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n:<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0ly sinh<\/span>\u00a0di\u1ec7t,<\/span><\/p>\n

    Do nh\u01b0\u00a0h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hoa<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc\u00a0h\u1eefu v\u00f4<\/span>,<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nhi h\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i bi t\u00e2m<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eddi chia l\u00eca\u00a0sinh di\u1ec7t<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0\u00a0hoa \u0111\u1ed1m<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng trung<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng,<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u00e0\u00a0kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT<\/span>\u00a0NH\u00c0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0I GI\u00c1O<\/span>\u00a0D\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n
    T<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    \u1eeb x\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1c b\u1eadc v\u0129 nh\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1eddi, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00edch-ca l\u00e2m ph\u00e0m, mang\u00a0th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. T\u1eeb l\u00fac\u00a0nh\u1eadp thai<\/span>\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0khi \u0111\u1ea3n sinh t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m-t\u00ec-ni c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0li k\u00ec\u00a0hi h\u1eefu<\/span>\u00a0d\u1ec7t quanh \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc k\u00ec t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng,\u00a0bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i qua 4 c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u1ebb\u00a0si\u00eau tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129<\/span>. T\u1eeb \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0sinh linh<\/span>. Sau nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00eam\u00a0suy ngh\u0129<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e0nh\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o,\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nhung l\u1ee5a,\u00a0ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0su\u1ed1t 6 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf, gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1eb7n.<\/i>\u201d L\u1eddi\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.\u00a0T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i\u00a0\u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00ean\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri<\/span>\u00a0trong\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n B\u00e0-t\u1ea5t-tra \u0111\u00e3 hu\u00eanh hoang\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/span>: \u201cGiai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n l\u00e0 cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>.<\/i>\u201d Nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh\u00a0th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5\u00a0th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n m\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi y l\u00e0 t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n; n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ean\u00a0tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/span>; n\u1ebfu y\u00a0n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v.v.., v\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.\u00a0Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i<\/span>, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1ec7-x\u00e1 hay Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n\u00a0uy\u00ean th\u00e2m<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 th\u00ec\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0\u00a0b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc<\/span>,\u00a0nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, c\u00e1i\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ecd sinh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do\u00a0t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3<\/i>\u201d. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh<\/span>\u00a0\u00f3c t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0xua tan\u00a0m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ef1 ti c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1ec7-x\u00e1 v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0, k\u00e9o\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nhau h\u01a1n, trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i<\/span>, th\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng\u00a0ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, khinh r\u1ebb, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n\u00a0quan t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n sinh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i<\/span>\u00a06 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/span>\u00a06 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng<\/span>\u00a0cho 6 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan\u00a0tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eebng l\u1edbp\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2,\u00a0cha con<\/span>, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, ch\u1ee7 t\u1edb, v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    V\u00ec k\u00eau h\u00e3nh v\u1ec1\u00a0gia th\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u \u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c\u00a0t\u1ecf ra<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebfu\u00a0cung k\u00ednh<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0cha m\u1eb9<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ed3ng.\u00a0Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0\u00f4ng\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3<\/span>, \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ecdi n\u00e0ng l\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u00e2n c\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span>, k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n\u00a0v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u\u00a0hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o<\/span>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ra\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ee3p l\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh\u00a0s\u1edf h\u1eefu<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n\u00a0quan t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0an ninh<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>. Ng\u00e0i mong mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u1ea5m no<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span>, v\u00e0\u00a0nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1<\/span>\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb x\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 sau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng,\u00a0s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0\u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u01a1m no \u00e1o \u1ea5m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Th\u00e1i t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u2013 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi\u00a0quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p<\/span>\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh mong mu\u1ed1n. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec v\u00ec sao Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf<\/span>\u00a0ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc\u00a0nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng? Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Y v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/span>\u00a0(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng vua th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c\u00a0t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>).\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ea7y.\u00a0Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n thu\u1ed1c\u00a0th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u1ecdi c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>. V\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh<\/span>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:\u00a0\u201cTr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gian<\/span>\u00a0n\u1ea7y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0T\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh\u00a0tham lam<\/span>,\u00a0gi\u1eadn d\u1eef<\/span>,\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>,\u00a0ki\u00eau c\u0103ng<\/span>, \u00edch k\u1ec9,\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i<\/span>,\u00a0ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh\u00a0phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c th\u00ec\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n<\/span>\u00a0m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>,\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0\u00a0khoan dung<\/span>,\u00a0t\u1eeb bi<\/span>,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n,\u00a0v\u1ecb tha<\/span>,\u00a0v\u00f4 u\u00fd<\/span>,\u00a0tinh t\u1ea5n<\/span>\u00a0v.v\u2026 s\u1ebd\u00a0l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1t sinh.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e3i qua\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/span>\u00a0gian kh\u1ed5,\u00a0d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u0103n,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/span>. B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1ea5y,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u00a0quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0chinh ph\u1ee5c<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft b\u01a1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0d\u00ecu d\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u01a1i qua s\u00f4ng; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng con b\u1ec7nh\u00a0hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o<\/span>. B\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ai? B\u1ec7nh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi? (Th\u1eed th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9? T\u1ef1 b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea5t n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u, h\u00e0 c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n?<\/i>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c\u00a0c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, trong h\u00e0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u1ea1i gia<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi: T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0c\u00f9ng \u0111inh<\/span>, h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n, c\u00f4ng t\u1eed; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0t\u1ed9i \u00e1c<\/span>, k\u1ec9 n\u1eef\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n<\/span>,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh<\/span>; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc vua ch\u00faa anh minh\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y uy v\u1ecdng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u chan ho\u00e0,\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nhu\u1ea7n th\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb\u00a0cam l\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0ph\u00e1p v\u0169<\/span>. Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u00a0si\u00eau ph\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u1eadm th\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0vi di\u1ec7u<\/span>\u00a0do Ng\u00e0i\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e3nh l\u1ef1c\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1<\/span>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n<\/span>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n hi v\u1ecdng, k\u1ebb kh\u1ed5 \u0111au tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0an l\u1ea1c<\/span>.\u00a0\u00c1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0ng<\/span>\u00a0kia kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng to\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp x\u1ee9\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0lan kh\u1eafp 5 ch\u00e2u; Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng soi t\u1ecf trong\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span>. Nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 ph\u00fac duy\u00ean\u00a0ti\u1ebfp thu<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>\u00a0cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia<\/span>\u00a0h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Vua A-d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf<\/span>\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0c\u00f4ng lao<\/span>\u00a0v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn\u00a0m\u00e3i m\u00e3i<\/span>\u00a0nh\u1edb \u01a1n. Vua L\u00fd\u00a0Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5<\/span>,\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n\u00a0ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m cho x\u1ee9 s\u1edf tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh<\/span>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u1eddi k\u1ef3<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0ng son c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/span>\u00a0lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng<\/span>\u00a0kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/span>, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0trung th\u1ef1c<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span>\u00a0th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>. Qua\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ea7n Thu\u1ef7 Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u 6 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t giang s\u01a1n, \u00f4ng n\u1ea3y sinh nh\u1eefng\u00a0tham v\u1ecdng<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch, ch\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2,<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, th\u1ea5t\u00a0nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>. Chung c\u1ee5c, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00e2n b\u1ea1i, danh li\u1ec7t, v\u00e0\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f3ng v\u00e1nh s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0trong s\u1eed xanh\u00a0mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf<\/span>. Cu\u1ed9c\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u1edf Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1789,\u00a0ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y<\/span>\u00a0b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t\u00a0ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi\u00a0c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0t\u1ef1 do<\/span>\u00a0b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch sau khi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh, b\u00e8n tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i<\/span>, \u00edch k\u1ec9, l\u00e0m\u00a0sai l\u1ea1c<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/span>\u00a0cao c\u1ea3.\u00a0R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ecd l\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00e0nh vi<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y, mu\u1ed1n\u00a0tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c<\/span>, b\u00ecnh\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/span>, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec1 gia,\u00a0tu th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u00fd<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2m.\u00a0Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ai th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tu,\u00a0t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n<\/span>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i trau d\u1ed3i\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi\u00a0ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1<\/span>\u00a0tha nh\u00e2n<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c<\/span>. T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y:\u00a0\u201cNh\u01b0 Lai t\u1eeb khi\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt<\/span>,\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>,\u00a0vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0\u00a0l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/span>; ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3\u00a0l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/span>\u00a0thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c<\/span>.\u201d<\/i>\u00a0Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta<\/span>\u00a0th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/span>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc\u00a0th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/span>\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/span>, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7<\/span>\u00a0s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u00a0ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/span>. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0ca ng\u1ee3i<\/span>: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb\u00a0che khu\u1ea5t<\/span>,\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i<\/span>, \u0111em \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c\u00a0s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span>.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

    Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i t\u1eebng b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1i\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>, d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua kh\u1ecfi s\u00f4ng m\u00ea,\u00a0m\u1edf m\u1eaft<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng<\/span>, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span>\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt<\/span>.\u00a0Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0x\u01b0a nay<\/span>\u00a0bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, nh\u1edd \u00e1nh\u00a0tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh m\u00f9 lo\u00e0, nh\u1edd u\u1ed1ng\u00a0ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0cam l\u1ed3<\/span>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/span>\u00a0ti\u00eau tan<\/span>, tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1i kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/span>\u00a0m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t<\/span>, an vui\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0u\u00a0sinh t\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m khao kh\u00e1t\u00a0tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0nh\u00e2n sinh<\/span>. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay<\/span>, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 trong\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/span>\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span>\u00a0n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/span>\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span>\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i,\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c g\u00eda tr\u1ecb\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ecb khinh r\u1ebb, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh\u00a0l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/span>, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng kia c\u00e0ng tr\u1ed5i d\u1eady m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0y nay, khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ec9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/span>\u00a0v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c, n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n minh<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/span>\u00a0g\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/span>\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0ti\u1ec7n nghi<\/span>\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/span>\u00a0v\u1eabn\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y<\/span>\u00a0hoang mang,\u00a0xao xuy\u1ebfn<\/span>\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t khao m\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/span>.\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/span>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/span>\u00a0h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng\u00a0gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/span>\u00a0th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng<\/span>\u00a0cho nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/span>\u00a0b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span>\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n

    [*]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c Tr\u01b0ng C\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(<\/i>Buddhism in a Nutshell<\/i>)\u00a0<\/i>c\u1ee7a Narada Thera, Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n\u00a0tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch<\/span>\u00a0t\u1eeb Anh ng\u1eef sang Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [\u2020]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch<\/span><\/i>\u00a0do Bhikkhi Khantipalo tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c, Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Anh ng\u1eef sang Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [\u2021]<\/a>\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb<\/span>\u00a0C\u0103n B\u1ea3n<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/i>\u00a0do Dr. R.L. Soni tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Anh ng\u1eef sang Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [\u00a7]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<\/span>\u00a0C\u1ee7a Tri\u1ebft L\u00fd Khoa H\u1ecdc<\/i>\u00a0do\u00a0T\u1ef7 Kheo<\/span>\u00a0Lokanatha tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c, Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Anh ng\u1eef sang Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    HT. Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n T\u00ednh Ch\u1ea5t\u00a0Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Nh\u00e2n B\u1ea3n\u00a0C\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o,\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0m\u00ea t\u00edn, l\u00e0 ki\u00eam thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0\u00a0nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf\u201d.\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau\u00a0ti\u00ean sinh\u00a0b\u00e1c c\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kim, h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 Trung v\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb\u00a0kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh trong\u00a0gi\u1edbi […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159,187,305,185],"tags":[450],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7265"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7265"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7265\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9820,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7265\/revisions\/9820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}