{"id":7588,"date":"2021-01-15T13:12:12","date_gmt":"2021-01-15T06:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=7588"},"modified":"2021-12-07T00:03:59","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T17:03:59","slug":"tuong-quang-giua-dao-phat-va-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/tuong-quang-giua-dao-phat-va-khoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang Gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

.\"\".<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan Gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt V\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00e0o h\u1ee9ng. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi bi quan: n\u00e0o n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, n\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o, n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lan r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, ma t\u00fay, b\u1ec7nh do si\u00eau vi tr\u00f9ng HIV, n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1edfi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, ly t\u00e1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u00d0i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch gay go \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong khi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u00f3a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, th\u1ee5 thai trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n,v.v.. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, tuy r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, \u201cc\u00e1i kh\u00f3 b\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n\u201d, ai ai c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y theo mi\u1ebfng c\u01a1m manh \u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng t\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u00d0\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u1ede kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb m\u1ea5t tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu h\u0103ng say, tham nh\u0169ng lan tr\u00e0n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c suy tho\u00e1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u01a1 v\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tinh th\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, Ki T\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy tho\u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n m\u00f2n, do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch, \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3m nguy l\u1edbn cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u00f4n h\u00f2a. V\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f2n b\u1ecb g\u00f2 b\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u0103n minh. Theo h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00fac m\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00d0\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c (spiritualit\u00e9 laique), s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n\u201d (1). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc: \u2013 Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng trong s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u2013 Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, v\u00ec \u201cgi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, hay \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u2013 Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc. I. Ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c tin; \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng k\u1ebft \u00e1n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n bao dung, ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c. \u00d4ng Francisco Varela, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (sciences cognitives), cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt trong h\u01a1n 15 n\u0103m, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi khai ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u1ea1: \u201cTrong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 20 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Husserl, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi gi\u00e1c quan. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Husserl, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn kho t\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong tinh th\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa cho nhau\u201d (2). \u00d0\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, s\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 v\u00ec chung v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, tuy r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. M\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung: Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u00d0i\u1ec3m g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a l\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a l\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a l\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, noi theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n\u201d. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201cbelieve\u201d (tin t\u01b0\u1edfng) ph\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u00d0\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u201cliebe\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cy\u00eau\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed. V\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c tin, v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o l\u00fd tr\u00ed. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n (humanisme). Theo khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00d0\u1ebf ban cho, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ef1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho m\u00ecnh m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, g\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i hay th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t b\u1edfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00d0\u1ebf hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, \u00edt ra \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt: \u00d0\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi sinh v\u1eadt, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v.v., th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ecfa r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. T\u1ef1 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. C\u00f2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc ra sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn sau. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho khoa h\u1ecdc \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u1eefng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ta d\u1ea1y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00e0 v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng \u201cPh\u1eadt t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m\u201d, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong Thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c. Thay v\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c\u201d. \u00d0\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f3i t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tia laser h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, sau bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc? Gi\u1eefa \u201cbi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5\u201d m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a? V\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a? Hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Khoa h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, th\u00f4ng tin qua nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n (hay B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3) v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi tri th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp. Ch\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u201cc\u00e1i ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (l\u2019essentiel est invisible pour les yeux), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi con ch\u1ed3n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed B\u00e9 trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Saint\u2013Exup\u00e9ry. Tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y qua b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u00d0\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p y h\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh, t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1i di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 tu theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1edf d\u0129 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m (sciences exp\u00e9rimentales) do Francis Bacon v\u00e0 Claude Bernard \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 g\u1ed3m 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: t\u1eeb quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nhau. Tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, c\u1edfi m\u1edf, khoan dung \u00d0\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Kalama, khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Tinh th\u1ea7n khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng (esprit positif), ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 quan, nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 khoan dung, th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt coi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e1i b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 qua s\u00f4ng\u201d, nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng\u201d, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a l\u00ean tr\u00ean kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 coi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c \u00d0\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u1ebfu khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n sai, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d (1). Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. L\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf, khoan dung \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed5 \u00edch. Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau, m\u1ed7i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Newton, thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Einstein v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Bohr v\u00e0 Heisenberg, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf d\u0129 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 sum su\u00ea nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 s\u01b0, lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt Minh, Long Th\u1ee5, V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, v.v., \u0111\u00e3 khai s\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 Trung qu\u00e1n, Duy th\u1ee9c, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc: lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi Trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng hay \u00edt ra c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb Galilei t\u1edbi Einstein \u0111\u1ec1u theo thuy\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (d\u00e9terminisme). Sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh (incertitude) c\u1ee7a Heisenberg \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (ind\u00e9cidabilit\u00e9) c\u1ee7a G\u00f6del, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u00d0\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft Hy L\u1ea1p H\u00e9raclite c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (panta rhei): \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eafm hai l\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng\u201d (v\u00e0 ngay m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec gi\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i). C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Parm\u00e9nide, Platon, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00d0\u1ebf, l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh hay ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t. Sinh h\u1ecdc cho ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111i trong m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, trong da th\u1ecbt, trong t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u01a1 ron mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 tinh hoa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n cho c\u00e1i ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1edfi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Descartes \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d (cogito, ergo sum), tri\u1ebft gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh David Hume, tuy kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u01a1n 2.300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n. Sau n\u00e0y, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng cho quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 ng\u00e3: Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u01a1 quan, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u201cta\u201d. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n, n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 14 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. Sau nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 3 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111a b\u00e0o, qua nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e1, lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t, lo\u00e0i chim, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u1ec9, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi (homo) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb 2 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, cho t\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed5i thay, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a (diff\u00e9renciation), \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh nh\u1edd kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan tinh vi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 anh em b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi th\u00fa r\u1eebng, chim c\u00e1, s\u00e2u b\u1ecd, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt, h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 t\u1ef7 ng\u00f4i sao, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n m\u00ecnh, trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd Tr\u1ea7n T\u1eed Ngang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u th\u01a1: \u201cTi\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n, H\u1eadu b\u1ea5t tri lai gi\u1ea3. Ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean \u0111ia chi du du, \u00d0\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean nhi th\u1ebf h\u1ea1\u201d. (Ai ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 qua? Ai ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau s\u1eafp t\u1edbi? Ng\u1eabm tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh r\u01a1i gi\u1ecdt l\u1ec7). Ho\u1eb7c Blaise Pascal \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00eau l\u00ean: \u201cLe silence \u00e9ternel de ces espaces infinis m\u2019effraie\u201d (S\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn l\u00e0m t\u00f4i h\u00e3i s\u1ee3). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhau. \u00d0i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, qua nguy\u00ean l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi: \u201cKhi c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia hi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t\u201d (Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh). C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3 l\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Foucault (lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong kh\u00f4ng gian), hay ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd EPR (Einstein, Podolsky v\u00e0 Rosen: Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ea1t A v\u00e0 B, m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t kia). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p vi m\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p v\u0129 m\u00f4, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia (3). Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u201d, th\u00ec th\u1eadt ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0: \u201cM\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa n\u1edf, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9\u201d. Hay l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Chandrakirti (Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng), thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n: \u201cAi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u201d. \u00d0\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u1edbi nhau: 1. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tuy r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n l\u00fd tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u1ecfi l\u00fd tr\u00ed. 2. Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 do tu h\u1ecdc. 3. Tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 khoan dung. 4. Tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. 5. M\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, trong khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u201cch\u00e2n\u201d l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u201cch\u00e2n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ec7n\u201d, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho nhau. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3y may ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u00e2m linh. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 500 n\u0103m, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Rabelais \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Pantagruel \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c: \u201cScience sans conscience n\u2019est que ruine de l\u2019\u00e2me\u201d (Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri ch\u1ec9 \u0111i t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n). Ng\u00e0y nay, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u xa l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn (hi\u1ec7n nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 7 n\u0103m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i), cho n\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u00eam m\u1ecfng manh gi\u1eefa khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eefa th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, gi\u1eefa ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. II. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n \u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ai ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u00d0i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ec1 \u0111ay\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00ean \u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c do khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay g\u00e2y n\u00ean, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec. Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt soi s\u00e1ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng: Khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc ra sao ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Y h\u1ecdc: Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0nh y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc Louis Pasteur \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. Nh\u1edd v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u00edch ng\u1eeba, thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tinh vi t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi ph\u1eabu, d\u00f9ng tia laser, thay b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3, gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadn, tim, gan, v.v.. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y si\u00eau \u00e2m, n\u1ed9i soi, CT scanner, MRI, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1ee5 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 thai trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh cho bao nhi\u00eau c\u1eb7p v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng hi\u1ebfm mu\u1ed9n. V\u00e0 trong ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e9nome c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (4), b\u00e1c s\u0129 Nakajima, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (OMS), cho bi\u1ebft \u201cH\u01a1n 1\/5 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, g\u1ea7n 1\/3 tr\u1ebb em thi\u1ebfu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed1c men c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean 75 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Ouganda4 ch\u1ec9 chung quanh 40 tu\u1ed5i. 40% t\u1eed vong tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m, ph\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn\u201d. \u00d4ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u201cB\u1ec7nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tranh \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, th\u00ec vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t\u201d. Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf r\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf: Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft y h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh. B\u00ean kia, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn, y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u00eam t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kinh t\u1ebf cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (bio\u00e9thique) do: ng\u1eeba thai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai, gh\u00e9p b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, th\u1ee5 thai trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (f\u00e9condation in vitro), tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed (euthanasie), thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n, hay c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ma t\u00fay, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng HIV. \u00d0a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho t\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u00e1nh kinh b\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft kh\u1ebf c\u01a1, kh\u1ebf l\u00fd, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5 t\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong kho\u1ea3ng hai ba ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m t\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u00eam 100 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y th\u00eam 200 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i th\u00eam. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ebb h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Tuy r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca (d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u), nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ebb. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3i, quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00d0\u1ebf ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y sinh \u0111\u1ebb l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u00d0\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sinh \u0111\u1ebb, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u201cph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y n\u1eefa\u201d (1). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1 thai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i (ahimsa) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt d\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 thai, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i m\u1ea7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang n\u1ea9y l\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1i thai, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng? \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i thai thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5m ph\u00e1 thai c\u00f2n ghi s\u00e2u trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong do ph\u00e1 thai gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm, thi\u1ebfu v\u1ec7 sinh g\u00e2y n\u00ean bao nhi\u00eau tang t\u00f3c, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, n\u00ean ng\u1eeba thai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 thai, ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u00e1 thai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129, khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eeba thai \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n sinh (diagnostic ant\u00e9natal) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i thai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh \u0111\u1ebb, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 cho t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh th\u1ec3 s\u1eafc (maladies chromosomiques), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong t\u1eed cung ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 thai. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n sinh, v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sinh \u0111\u1ebb, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gh\u00e9p b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, th\u1ee5 thai trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u00ec trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. L\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft gh\u00e9p cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb bi, c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh khan hi\u1ebfm b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gh\u00e9p nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Th\u1ee5 thai trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb hai t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. C\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i di truy\u1ec1n d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh (clones), \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t chia r\u1ebd nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn nhau, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt g\u1eaft gao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tr\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nguy h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. G\u00e2y ch\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng hay tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed (euthanasie) hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Hoa K\u1ef3, H\u00f2a Lan (5) , lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i khoan dung v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t, theo l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, l\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ra \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh th\u1ea3n, tr\u00e1nh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n. D\u00f9 sao nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean vai m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee6y Ban Sinh \u00d0\u1ea1o \u00d0\u1ee9c (Comit\u00e9 d\u2019Ethique) trong m\u1ed7i c\u01a1 quan y t\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 ma t\u00fay v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng HIV, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: Trong 5 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 2 gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0) tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u00e1m tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ma t\u00fay hay b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng HIV r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed l\u1ea1i theo tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb bi h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u1eefa ch\u1ea1y, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Aristote, th\u00ec sau n\u00e0y khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u00c2u ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XVII khi Descartes \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d(nous rendre comme ma\u00eetres et possesseurs de la nature). \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cho t\u1edbi t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u00d0\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong Th\u00e1nh kinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cH\u00e3y sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea9y n\u1edf tr\u00ean to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y\u201d. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t thi\u00eang li\u00eang b\u1edfi v\u00ec Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo Descartes, th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i, tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e1y, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea3y may ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Descartes hi\u1ec7n nay g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3\u201d, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft \u201cgi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o\u201d (artificialisme). Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mau ch\u00f3ng, m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Theo nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Louis Dumont (5), cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Descartes, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00fac quanh sinh th\u00e1i. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 30 n\u0103m, ch\u1eef \u201csinh th\u00e1i\u201d (\u00e9cologie) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n, qua nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian, nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, m\u1ecfng manh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bao quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ecfng manh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng so v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 chi ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gaz CFC g\u00e2y l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ozone \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, c\u00e1c v\u1ecf h\u1ed9p, chai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i (recyclable) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c… \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. M\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhau, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, theo tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn xa. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt L\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u00e0n s\u00e1t, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, tang t\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y cho nhau. Nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed gia, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef La tinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cSi vis pacem, para bellum\u201d (N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn tranh), v\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Plaute \u201cLupus est homo homini\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ebft gia Hobbes l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. \u00d0i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 hai tr\u00e1i bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 50 n\u0103m, v\u1eeba ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. \u00d0\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi kinh ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea5p r\u00fat trong 3 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, chung quanh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. Li\u1ec7u hai tr\u00e1i bom n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u chi\u1ebfn tranh mau h\u01a1n hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u00dd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tin c\u1eady \u1edf nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00f9ng V\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, tia laser, v\u1ec7 tinh quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng trung v\u00f9ng quanh tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Spoutnik n\u0103m 1957, qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng n\u0103m 1969, t\u1edbi t\u00e0u con thoi kh\u00f4ng trung (navette spatiale) Challenger, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm ng\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng trung \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ec7 tinh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng (ahimsa), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb bi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. Y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Mahatma Gandhi. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y tang t\u00f3c nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. B\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft chung quanh bi, tr\u00ed, d\u0169ng, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0m sao! Khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u00d0i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cth\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau h\u00ecnh\u201d thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u, tuy r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan. Nh\u1edd m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, mau ch\u00f3ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nay c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch nhau xa c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhanh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 hai nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc Alvin v\u00e0 Heidi Toeffler (6), th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a tin h\u1ecdc hay si\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (supersymbolique), sau hai l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, do tr\u00ed \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u1eed nh\u00ecn con ch\u00e1u ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang coi m\u00e1y truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, ch\u01a1i m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, n\u00f4 \u0111\u00f9a gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ea1y theo ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u do qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau lo l\u1eafng, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tinh th\u1ea7n. Stress \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c an th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, ma t\u00fay, v.v.. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao h\u01a1n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. D\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n b\u1edfi kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i), v\u00e0 d\u1ed1c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1y theo s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i xe lao m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i g\u00ec cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng? Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, trong ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y theo ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, h\u00f2a h\u00e0i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb: \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau mang l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00e1i t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ea7u thu 1995\/ Chia s\u1ebd ebook:<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/downloadsachmienphi.com\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Tham gia c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chia s\u1ebd s\u00e1ch:<\/span><\/p>\n

Fanpage: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/downloadsachfree<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Google : http:\/\/bit.ly\/downloadsach<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. S.S. Le Dalai Lama, J.C. Carri\u00e8re, La force du bouddhisme, Robert Laffont 1994<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Rencontre avec Francisco Varela, Revue Sciences Humaines 8\u20139\/1993<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Tr\u1ecbnh Xu\u00e2n Thu\u1eadn, La m\u00e9lodie secr\u00e8te, Fayard 1988<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Le Monde, 4\/5\/1995<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Le Monde, Un entretien avec Louis Dumont, 23\u201324\/4\/1995<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Heidi & Alvin Toeffler, Cr\u00e9er une nouvelle civilisation: la politique de la troisi\u00e8me vague, Fayard 1995<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tr\u1ecbnh Nguy\u00ean Ph\u01b0\u1edbc .. T\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan Gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt V\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u00d0\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[199,144,326],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7588"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7588"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7591,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7588\/revisions\/7591"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}