{"id":9127,"date":"2021-06-12T10:41:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-12T03:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=9127"},"modified":"2021-06-12T10:45:30","modified_gmt":"2021-06-12T03:45:30","slug":"ghi-chu-ve-dinh-hue-va-giai-thoat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/ghi-chu-ve-dinh-hue-va-giai-thoat\/","title":{"rendered":"Ghi Ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u01b0 S\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

GHI CH\u00da V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ecaNH, HU\u1ec6 V\u00c0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n xin b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o n\u01a1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, v\u00e1 cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1eafp ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00fa trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb th\u1eafc m\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 khi n\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0103n chay, cho t\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n tu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghi c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o, do v\u1eady ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Kinh lu\u1eadn.<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: s\u1ebd gi\u00e0, s\u1ebd b\u1ec7nh, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft, s\u1ebd ly bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ebd \u0111i theo nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong Kinh AN 5.57 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, d\u00f9 xu\u1ea5t gia hay t\u1ea1i gia, d\u00f9 nam hay n\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t: M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u00e0, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u00e0; M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd b\u1ec7nh, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ec7nh; M\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t; Nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ebd cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i m\u00ecnh \u0111i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb l\u1eddi v\u1eafn t\u1eaft l\u00e0: s\u1ebd gi\u00e0, s\u1ebd b\u1ec7nh, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft, s\u1ebd ly bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ebd \u0111i theo nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, h\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ni\u1ec7m kh\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd t\u1edbi l\u00fac gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Kinh AN 5.57 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Do v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n. Do v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, c\u00e1c t\u00f9y mi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t<\/em>.” (1)<\/span><\/p>\n

— \u0110\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Trung B\u1ed9, Kinh MN 113, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, ghi r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng, phi Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ea3 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh (s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, tam thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m (t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec) m\u1edbi xong (n\u00ean nh\u1eafc: theo Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Kinh Bahiya, v\u00e0o v\u00f4 t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 qua t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>). Kinh MN 113, tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i t\u0129nh nh\u1ee9t t\u00e2m \u2026 Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba \u2026 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTa ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/strong> \u1ea5y n\u00ean khen m\u00ecnh ch\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 phi Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p<\/strong>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c\u00d0\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham \u00e1i. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u1eefng ai ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, th\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sau khi l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 tham \u00e1i l\u00e0m ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng khen m\u00ecnh ch\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1p<\/strong>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

… (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9)\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n sau khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec<\/strong><\/em>.<\/strong>\u201d (2)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

— C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hu\u1ec7 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m, Kinh EA 17.9, c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng, tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u2018Ta th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tam-mu\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tam-mu\u1ed9i, t\u00e2m \u00fd th\u00e1c lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u2019 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u1ef7 v\u00e0o tam-mu\u1ed9i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng cao ch\u00ea bai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u2018Ta tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.\u2019 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u1ef7 v\u00e0o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng cao h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c<\/em>.\u201d (3)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Kinh MA 85, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

“L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1ecb, Tam, T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia nh\u00e2n v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 n\u00ean qu\u00fd m\u00ecnh khinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n<\/em>.” (3)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

— C\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, th\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, Kinh DN 1, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, nh\u1edb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng. Kinh DN 1 tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edd nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, nh\u1edd tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1edd c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn, nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh \u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m, n\u00ean t\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi t\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00e0y \u00f4ng, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. V\u00ec c\u1edb sao? V\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e2m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00f4 th\u00e1o. Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u01b0u v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong>. Thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong>\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong> c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi n\u0103m lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 n\u0103m lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, hay m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa…<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

…C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i s\u01a1, hay lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, hay lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ed1i s\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn sai kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 trong l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i hai lu\u1eadn ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y; d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt l\u00ean, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c bao ph\u1ee7 \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/strong>.\u201d<\/em> (4)<\/span><\/p>\n

— T\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m, Kinh SA 785, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 \u201cT\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u00e1p ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf (t\u01b0 duy Kh\u1ed5, T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh? Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 hai: C\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu th\u1ee7, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n; c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7, ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu th\u1ee7, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh? T\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c<\/strong>, h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu th\u1ee7, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7, ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5? Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u01a1i Kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0 duy Kh\u1ed5; n\u01a1i T\u1eadp, Di\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1o t\u01b0 duy \u0110\u1ea1o; t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, an tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n, nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian<\/strong> c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7, ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5<\/em>.\u201d (5)<\/span><\/p>\n

— C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Kinh AN 9.36, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t tham \u00e1i, v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tu thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi hu\u1ec7. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh (hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai) v\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Kinh AN 9.36 tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cY ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn<\/strong>\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. Do duy\u00ean g\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c\u2026 ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecd, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5t nh\u1ecdt, l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean, l\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m, l\u00e0 t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, sau khi tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t t\u1eed: \u201c\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sanh y, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u00e1i \u1ea5y, v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y, do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00f3a sanh, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa<\/strong><\/em>.\u201d (6)<\/span><\/p>\n

— T\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 11 c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, v\u1edbi s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Kinh AN 11.16, ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia ch\u1ee7 Dasama v\u1ea5n ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i Ananda tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong>. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tu thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi hu\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a sanh (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai) r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i n\u00e0y nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi tam thi\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m (T\u1eeb, Bi, H\u1ef7, X\u1ea3) r\u1ed3i ly tham s\u00e2n si \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Khi nghe d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 11 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o, trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u1eeda \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi nghe ng\u00e0i Ananda n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 11 c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, gia ch\u1ee7 Dasama m\u1edbi th\u01b0a, h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed: \u201cTh\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ananda, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, trong khi \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, con t\u00ecm ra m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1ea5y b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n cho m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/strong> n\u00e0y, con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho con v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda b\u1ea5t t\u1eed<\/strong>.<\/em>\u201d (7)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, trong kinh AN 11.16, n\u01a1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2014 Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ananda, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ef7-kheo tr\u00fa kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n, s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, hay s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, hay \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng an \u1ed5n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

— \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y Gia ch\u1ee7, T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cThi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, thu\u1ed9c t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m\u201d. Ph\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, thu\u1ed9c t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y qu\u00e1n tri: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t\u201d. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y an tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, v\u1edbi tham \u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi hoan h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf lui th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. N\u00e0y Gia ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c\u2026 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng an \u1ed5n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>.\u201d (7)<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong Kinh MN 52, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a tr\u1eeb s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ebd v\u00e0o h\u00f3a sanh (\u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A na h\u00e0m, hay B\u1ea5t Lai) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh MN 52 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr\u00edch l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ananda:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y Gia ch\u1ee7, T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft: \u201cS\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n<\/strong> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, do suy t\u01b0 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh. Ph\u00e0m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, do suy t\u01b0 t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t\u201d. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1eefng tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, do tham luy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, do hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh, nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf lui \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y<\/em>.\u201d (7)<\/span><\/p>\n

— T\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3) r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong Kinh MN 64, r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, ly tham d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1n kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu, nh\u01b0 m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eafn tr\u00fang, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng, qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c th\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed gi\u1edbi (t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n), r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tu thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi hu\u1ec7. Kinh MN 64, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y \u0100nanda, T\u1ef7-kheo do vi\u1ec5n ly c\u00e1c sanh y (Upadhiviveka), do \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, do l\u00e0m cho an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n th\u00f4 \u00e1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u00e1nh qu\u00e1n m\u1ecdi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p, th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu, nh\u01b0 m\u0169i t\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. Sau khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t t\u1eed gi\u1edbi (Amatadhatu) v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi di\u1ec7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sanh y, s\u1ef1 \u00e1i di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d. N\u1ebfu an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, th\u1eddi do s\u1ef1 tham ph\u00e1p, h\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1eddi do s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh, nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf lui \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/em> (8)<\/span><\/p>\n

— T\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1ecd, nh\u1eadn ra v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Trung A H\u00e0m, Kinh MA 205, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd, nh\u1eadn ra v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eafc l\u1eadu t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u1ebft ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd, nh\u1eadn ra v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eafc l\u1eadu t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t th\u00eam th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tu thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, v\u00e0os \u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi hu\u1ec7. \u00a0Kinh MA 205 b\u00e0n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u00e8n \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0y thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m c\u1ecf c\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc b\u00e8, r\u1ed3i b\u00ecnh an b\u01a1i sang b\u1edd b\u00ean kia. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y A-nan, T\u1ef3-kheo phan duy\u00ean v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 y\u1ec3m ly, y tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 y\u1ec3m ly, an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i y\u1ec3m ly, do l\u00e0m an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n \u00e1c, do t\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ly \u0111\u1ecbnh, ly d\u1ee5c, ly \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9, c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u an tr\u1ee5. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y y tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng suy c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y y tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng suy c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd r\u1ed3i, an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u1eadu t\u1eadn<\/em>.\u201d (9)<\/span><\/p>\n

— Ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SA 864 c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n. Kinh n\u00e0y thu\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n (kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3), \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tu thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi hu\u1ec7. Ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y 4 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. Kinh SA 864 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i t\u1edbi s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec5n ly \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng gi\u1edbi. To\u00e0n v\u0103n Kinh SA 864, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKINH 864. S\u01a0 THI\u1ec0N<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt \u1edf trong v\u01b0\u1eddn C\u1ea5p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, r\u1eebng c\u00e2y K\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0, t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00e1-v\u1ec7. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo: \u201cN\u1ebfu T\u1ef3-kheo, v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh, hay t\u01b0\u1edbng, ly d\u1ee5c, ly ph\u00e1p \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1c, c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do vi\u1ec5n ly sanh, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5 S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong>; v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0 ung nh\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0 gai nh\u1ecdn, nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 sanh t\u00e2m nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9. Do nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, xa l\u00eca, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, b\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda cam l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u0129nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eafng di\u1ec7u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ly t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu d\u01b0, \u00e1i t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u201d Sau khi Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i kinh n\u00e0y xong, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo nghe nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/em> (10)<\/span><\/p>\n

— Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c) s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y an l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Trong s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, ni\u1ec1m vui h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp to\u00e0n th\u00e2n y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eafm v\u00e0 xoa b\u1ed9t t\u1eafm tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n<\/strong>. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec5n ly, s\u1ebd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong Kinh AN 5.28 nh\u01b0 sau, qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ly d\u1ee5c… ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m, v\u1edbi t\u1ee9. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u t\u1eafm hay \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed h\u1ea7u t\u1eafm, sau khi r\u1eafc b\u1ed9t t\u1eafm trong thau b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, li\u1ec1n nh\u1ed3i b\u1ed9t \u1ea5y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ee5c b\u1ed9t t\u1eafm \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt, tr\u00e0o tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt, th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3 trong l\u1eabn ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh gi\u1ecdt. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n, t\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, l\u00e0m cho dung m\u00e3n, tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n.<\/em>” (11)<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ee9\u201d \u2013 t\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o, ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1; t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m d\u00e1n v\u00e0o, ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 khi ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf: t\u1ea7m l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m theo h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o, theo h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra; t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 d\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec7ch ra kh\u1ecfi h\u01a1i th\u1edf. S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh, \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

— C\u1ea7n ly tham \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c kinh d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, gi\u1eef h\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec5n ly s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n. Trong Kinh AN 5.256, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u00e2m tham. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDo kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? Xan tham tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, xan tham gia \u0111\u00ecnh, xan tham l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, xan tham t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, xan tham ph\u00e1p. Do kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n. Do \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? Xan tham tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, xan tham gia \u0111\u00ecnh, xan tham l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, xan tham t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, xan tham ph\u00e1p. Do \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u0103m ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n<\/em>.\u201d (12)<\/span><\/p>\n

— C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u Kinh ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Trong Kinh MA 43, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y A-nan, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n hoan, nh\u00e2n h\u00e2n hoan m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7, nh\u00e2n h\u1ef7 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c, nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00e0y A-nan, \u0110a v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tri ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 y\u1ebfm ly, nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 y\u1ebfm ly m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c, nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u2018S\u1ef1 sanh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa\u2019. N\u00e0y A-nan, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho nhau. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 cao t\u1ed9t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u1edd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u1edd kia<\/em>.\u201d (13)<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd<\/strong> t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> d\u1eabn t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <\/strong>l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Kinh AN 10.1 t\u1edbi Kinh AN 10.5. Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Anh ghi t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m kinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh AN 10.1 (The purpose of ethics, leading step by step to liberation.). AN 10.2 (There\u2019s no need to make a wish to get enlightened; it happens naturally when the conditions are there.<\/strong>). AN 10.3 (The Buddha teaches how, like a tree that grows due to its leaves, liberation follows when ethics is present<\/strong>.) Kinh AN 10.4 (S\u0101riputta teaches how, like a tree that grows due to its leaves, liberation follows when ethics is present.). Kinh AN 10.5 (\u0100nanda teaches how, like a tree that grows due to its leaves, liberation follows when ethics is present.)<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch l\u00e0: Kinh AN 10.1 (M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.) Kinh AN 10.2 (Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/strong>; gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi c\u00e1c duy\u00ean s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ee7.) Kinh AN 10.3 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch, y h\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc l\u00e1, khi gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t theo sau<\/strong>.) Kinh AN 10.4 (Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch, y h\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc l\u00e1, khi gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t theo sau.). Kinh AN 10.5 (Ng\u00e0i Ananda d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch, y h\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc l\u00e1, khi gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t theo sau.) (13)<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

— \u0110i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i v\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, hay ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh (nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1eadn t\u00e2m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu). Trong Kinh AN 3.63, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1ede t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y, Ta l\u01b0\u1ee3m c\u1ecf hay l\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng, r\u1ed3i ta ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, l\u01b0ng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, ly d\u1ee5c, ly ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, Ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa s\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9. L\u00e0m cho ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9, Ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9, n\u1ed9i t\u0129nh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Ly h\u1ef7, tr\u00fa x\u1ea3, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, Ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 ba<\/strong>. \u00d0o\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ef7 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa Thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh, th\u1eddi trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ch\u1ed7 kinh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ta thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean. N\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ee9ng, th\u1eddi trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Ta thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean. N\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta ng\u1ed3i, th\u1eddi trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ta thu\u1ed9c Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean. N\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ta n\u1eb1m, th\u1eddi trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y gi\u01b0\u1eddng cao v\u00e0 gi\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ta thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean<\/em>.\u201d (14)<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u00e0i Bhagu (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u0103ng K\u1ec7 Thag 4.2) \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ngay khi \u0111ang \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u Kinh (nh\u01b0 AN 3.63, EA 21.6), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3 khi kinh h\u00e0nh (\u0111i b\u1ed9) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 khi n\u1eb1m. Trong Kinh AN 3.16 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ban ng\u00e0y trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, ban \u0111\u00eam trong canh m\u1ed9t, trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, ban \u0111\u00eam trong canh gi\u1eefa, n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, hai ch\u00e2n g\u00e1c l\u00ean nhau, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, t\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, ban \u0111\u00eam trong canh cu\u1ed1i, sau khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>.\u201d (14)<\/span><\/p>\n

— Trong ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh ghi tr\u00ean, khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh (ch\u1ec9) th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m \u00fd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n hu\u1ec7 (qu\u00e1n). Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d (h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1edbi, th\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0 t\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf, hay t\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201ct\u1ee9\u201d (d\u00e1n t\u00e2m v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ec7ch sang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c) th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng an tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eadn c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Tuy r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hu\u1ec7 n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i \u0111i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0i gi\u0169a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, h\u1eefu vi, c\u00f3 sinh th\u00ec s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 \u1edf trong t\u00e2m, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ly ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t), l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi. Kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n (do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a (do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Trong Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng Trung Hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh hu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i song song, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh: \u201cL\u1eb7ng l\u1eb7ng, t\u1ec9nh t\u1ec9nh; t\u1ec9nh t\u1ec9nh, l\u1eb7ng l\u1eb7ng.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Kinh AN 4.170, ng\u00e0i Ananda n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 4 chi ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 4 chi ph\u1ea7n sau, tr\u00edch b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n

. ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i qu\u00e1n sau, r\u1ed3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi;<\/span>
\n . ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 sau, r\u1ed3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi;<\/span>
\n . ho\u1eb7c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau, r\u1ed3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi;<\/span>
\n . ho\u1eb7c “T\u1ef7-kheo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi khi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y an tr\u00fa, an t\u1ecda, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh kh\u1edfi<\/em>.” (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Thanissaro<\/strong>: Then there is the case where a monk\u2019s mind has its restlessness concerning the Dhamma [Comm: the corruptions of insight<\/strong>] well under control. There comes a time when his mind grows steady inwardly, settles down, and becomes unified & concentrated. In him the path is born<\/em>.) Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 4 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi l\u00fac l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng. (15)<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed t\u1eadp c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n, r\u1ed3i ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u00e1n t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ch\u1edb lo s\u1ee3, c\u1ee9 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, s\u1ebd t\u1edbi l\u00fac t\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7m ra c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft tu \u0111\u00fang? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi tham s\u00e2n si m\u1ecfng d\u1ea7n \u0111i t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Ng\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, hai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. T\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y nghe hay bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. Do v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n hay \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Ng\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o 2 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3, theo Kinh SN 35.245. Hai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. Kinh n\u00e0y n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng vua (th\u1ee9c) nh\u1eadn ra l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ng\u1eef (Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n) l\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. Kinh n\u00e0y, qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh: \u201cN\u00e0y B\u1ea1n, v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01b0a c\u00e1c T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i gi\u1eefa ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. R\u1ed3i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ng\u1eef cho v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta n\u00f3i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a: Ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u00e2n do b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, do cha m\u1eb9 sanh, do c\u01a1m ch\u00e1o nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u00eau m\u00f2n, ti\u00eau hao, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. S\u00e1u c\u1eeda, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m. Hai v\u1ecb s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c<\/strong>. \u1ede gi\u1eefa t\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng: \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi, th\u1ee7y gi\u1edbi, h\u1ecfa gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 phong gi\u1edbi. L\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt ng\u1eef, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn \u2026 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>.\u201d (16)<\/span><\/p>\n

— Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1edd Tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n \u201cv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d trong t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ea5y nghe hay bi\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u kinh n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i n\u00ean \u0111i t\u1eaft, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, Kinh SN 12.70 cho bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong> (t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, trong t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n), m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 12.70 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i Susima th\u1eafc m\u1eafc th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n, n\u00ean m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng, qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi\u2026 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A la h\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n d\u01b0 y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho T\u1ef3 kheo Susima l\u00e0: \u201cTh\u01b0a Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 Sus\u012bma, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/em>.\u201d (17)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i Susima m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201c\u2026tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p tr\u00fa, sau l\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em>.\u201d (theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh SN 12.70 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u). K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam cho ng\u00e0i Susima, r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00fa l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n \u201cv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/em> L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ly tham, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f2n d\u00ednh n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u01a1i kinh n\u00e0y d\u1ea1y qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4, t\u1ee9c c\u00e0n hu\u1ec7 (dry insight meditation – vipassan\u0101 without jhana).<\/span><\/p>\n

— Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, trong t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong Kinh SA 270 khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n voi, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi xua m\u1ecdi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. Kinh SA 270, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u1ef3-kheo, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, tu t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh? N\u1ebfu T\u1ef3-kheo \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed1ng hay \u1edf trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y, m\u00e0 kh\u00e9o t\u01b0 duy ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec d\u1ee9t h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed an tr\u00fa \u1edf t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u00e2m l\u00eca ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em>.\u201d (18)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft n\u01a1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

— V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng: nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu l\u01a1 l\u1eedng, ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i kim <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m<\/em><\/strong>. Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (Sariputta) trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cGuhatthaka-suttaniddeso: Upon the Tip of a Needle\u201d ghi trong Lu\u1eadn th\u01b0 Niddesa, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft qua c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1eddi gian, y nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7t l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t m\u0169i kim. N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i cho d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, do Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Andrew Olendzki nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng, ni\u1ec1m vui, n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1ec1u bu\u1ed9c chung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m<\/em><\/strong>, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00f4i \u0111i. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb phi nh\u01a1n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u t\u1edbi 84 ng\u00e0n t\u1ef7 n\u0103m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0o trong t\u00e2m y h\u1ec7t nhau. C\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft hay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Khi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c g\u00ec n\u1eefa, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh ra; ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ebft ngay khi t\u00e2m ng\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i kim. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan ngh\u00eanh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc tan r\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ban s\u01a1. T\u1eeb n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00fang \u0111ang tr\u00f4i \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Y h\u1ec7t tia ch\u1edbp tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn h\u1eb3n \u0111i<\/em>.\u201d (19)<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean, ngay d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o 1 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m<\/em><\/strong>. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9. C\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u201cl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt\u201d v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft.\u201d C\u00f3 s\u01b0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 s\u01b0 n\u00f3i, l\u00eca th\u1ee9c ra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng [\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1] l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Duy Th\u1ee9c, ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 do ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Trung Hoa, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean (1200\u20131253), v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng (Soto Zen), m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chi nh\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. Theo ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean, To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh (“Whole-being is the Buddha-nature”); do v\u1eady, n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1\u2026 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh. V\u00e0 do v\u1eady, theo ng\u00e0i, Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn (vast emptiness), c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (the world of becoming), v\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh (impermanence is in itself Buddha-nature). L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nh\u1eadn ra c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi (qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i c\u00e1i \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 12 x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0 sau. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

—<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3: m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 6 c\u0103n (m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (t\u00e2m) nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft qua 6 c\u0103n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ee7a “c\u00e1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3” \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. Kinh SN 35.23, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n

“N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3? M\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc; tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng; m\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng; l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb; th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00fac; \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, ai n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cSau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 (m\u1ed9t) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c\u201d, th\u1eddi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 khoa ng\u00f4n. V\u00e0 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh g\u00ec. V\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u00e1ch n\u1ea1n. V\u00ec sao? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ra ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi v\u1ee9c (avisaya) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y<\/em>!” (20)<\/span><\/p>\n

— Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 2 b\u00f3 c\u1ecf lau danh-s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a nhau<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u00f4i, ta, m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, anh, ch\u1ecb, \u00f4ng, b\u00e0” th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00f3 lau danh-s\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u00f3 lau th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau. Danh-s\u1eafc hi\u1ec3u g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ai h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng nam, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ebb\u2026 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 2 b\u00f3 c\u1ecf lau th\u00f4i, theo Kinh SN 12.67 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u2014V\u1eady n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00eau m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 hai b\u00f3 lau d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau<\/strong> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, do duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi. Do duy\u00ean th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc sanh kh\u1edfi. Do duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 sanh kh\u1edfi. Do duy\u00ean s\u00e1u x\u1ee9, x\u00fac sanh kh\u1edfi\u2026 (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)\u2026 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi. N\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 lau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, b\u00f3 lau kia li\u1ec1n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u00f3 lau kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, b\u00f3 lau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, do danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t n\u00ean th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t. Do th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t n\u00ean danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t. Do danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t n\u00ean s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t. Do s\u00e1u x\u1ee9 di\u1ec7t n\u00ean x\u00fac di\u1ec7t\u2026 (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean)\u2026 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/em>.” (21)<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m l\u00e0 Kinh SA 288, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i 2 b\u00f3 lau, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 3 b\u00f3 lau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng \u00fd (danh-s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n). Tr\u00edch b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a 2 Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

“T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ma-ha C\u00e2u-hi-la \u0111\u00e1p: Nay t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i th\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u00ec nh\u1edd th\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00ed nh\u01b0 ba c\u00e2y lau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng; n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00ec hai c\u00e2y kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y \u0111i hai c\u00e2y th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a l\u1eabn nhau m\u1edbi sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/em> (21)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai Kinh SN 12.67 v\u00e0 Kinh SA 288 \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c: th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a l\u1eabn nhau m\u1edbi sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ta hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1eef hay nam, gi\u00e0 hay tr\u1ebb\u2026 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u00f3 c\u1ecf lau d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau, lung linh, r\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb bi kh\u1edfi d\u1eady. V\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y tham s\u00e2n si t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng hay l\u00e0 C\u00f3, hay l\u00e0 v\u1eeba Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba C\u00f3, hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 (t\u1ee9 c\u00fa), th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng (v\u00ec th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p, l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi ph\u00e1p), c\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ng\u1ed3i trong r\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 xem phim hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 [t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu] l\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Tr\u00e2u b\u00f9n qua s\u00f4ng: Bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf th\u00e2n t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (Soto Zen) l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Nguy\u00ean (Dogen) trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cBu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m<\/strong>\u201d v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cDropping off body and mind<\/strong>\u201d \u2013 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, bu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 12 x\u1ee9, bu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 m\u1eaft tai m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e2n \u00fd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 2 b\u00f3 lau danh-s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. Ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt l\u00e0: shinjin datsuraku<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Kinh SN 35.24, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u00e0i Dogen d\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng Trung Hoa d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201ctr\u00e2u b\u00f9n qua s\u00f4ng\u201d<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qua s\u00f4ng l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o d\u00ednh v\u00e0o t\u00e2m n\u1eefa. Trong Kinh SN 35.24, Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/strong>\u201d th\u00ec b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Bodhi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cabandoning all<\/strong>\u201d (bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Sujato d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cgiving up the all<\/strong>\u201d (r\u1eddi b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 35.24 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u00d4ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3? M\u1eaft, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. C\u00e1c s\u1eafc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Nh\u00e3n x\u00fac c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Do duy\u00ean nh\u00e3n x\u00fac kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd g\u00ec, l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, hay b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c; c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Tai \u2026 M\u0169i \u2026 L\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Do duy\u00ean thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac kh\u1edfi l\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd g\u00ec, l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, hay b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c; c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em>.\u201d (22)<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u01b0ng v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5 nhi sinh k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m\u201d c\u1ee7a Kinh Kim Cang. Kinh Na Ti\u00ean T\u1ef3 Kheo c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t danh-s\u1eafc ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, c\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u1ed7 xe, r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c xe, b\u00e1nh xe, c\u0103m xe, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n; th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 xe, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Trong V\u00f4 M\u00f4n Quan, c\u00f4ng \u00e1n s\u1ed1 8 ghi chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i H\u1ec1 Tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh xe v\u1edbi 100 nan xe, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ebfu b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 2 \u0111\u1ea7u xe v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c \u0111i th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f2n g\u00ec\u201d — ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 ch\u1ebb c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xe, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb t\u00e2m; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng chim k\u00eau, ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i) th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a ba c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng t\u1eeb c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/span><\/p>\n

— H\u01a1i th\u1edf chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1i th\u1edf khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o tu t\u1eadp, s\u1ebd t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i hay s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean t\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u0103ng K\u1ec7 Thag 10.3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd t\u1edbi l\u00fac t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Indacanda vi\u1ebft:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNi\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i trong tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc, n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/em>.\u201d (23)<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Kinh SN 54.1, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p th\u1edf qua 16 ch\u1eb7ng. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

[Tr\u00edch} Th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i\u201d. Th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i\u201d.
\nTh\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn\u201d. Th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn\u201d.
\n\u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cAn t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cAn t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cAn t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cAn t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cC\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cV\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cV\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cV\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cV\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cV\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cV\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cQu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cQu\u00e1n ly tham, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cQu\u00e1n ly tham, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cQu\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cQu\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.
\n\u201cQu\u00e1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf v\u00f4\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp. \u201cQu\u00e1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1edf ra\u201d, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1eadp.<\/em> [h\u1ebft tr\u00edch] (23)<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn cho d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a: \u201c[H\u01a1i th\u1edf] d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, an t\u1ecbnh, m\u1eebng vui, an l\u1ea1c, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea5y ly tham, th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

— Khi th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u, khi th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u1ed3i t\u1eadp th\u1edf, t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m c\u0169ng l\u00e0m b\u1eadt s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1edfi, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i, n\u1ebfu b\u00f3 lau th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u00f3 lau danh s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a sanh h\u1eefu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh AN 3.76 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: \u201c\u2026n\u00e0y Ananda, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng, \u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhu\u1eadn \u01b0\u1edbt. Ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh che l\u1ea5p, b\u1ecb \u00e1i tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1eadp trong gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh sanh kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y Ananda, h\u1eefu c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t<\/em>.\u201d (24)<\/span><\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ly tham, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecbch l\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 khi th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a (y ch\u1ec9) th\u00ec th\u1ee9a s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t, th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00f3 lau th\u1ee9c r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u00e2t d\u1ea1y trong Kinh SN 22.55, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi; do tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, s\u1edf duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi\u2026 N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1edbi\u2026 N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi\u2026 N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi, do tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, s\u1edf duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; do gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00ean tr\u00fa; do ki\u00ean tr\u00fa n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri t\u00fac; do tri t\u00fac n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u n\u00e3o; do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u n\u00e3o n\u00ean t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft: \u201cSanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa<\/em>\u201d\u2026\u201d(24)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u01b0 v\u00f4) th\u00ec l\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Kinh DN 11 do Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCh\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i, phong \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn, t\u1ebf, th\u00f4, t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng? Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n?\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y x\u1ee9. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i, phong \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng v\u1eady d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn, t\u1ebf, th\u00f4, t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/em>. Khi th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn\u201d\u2026\u201d(24)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

— N\u00ean qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n Anh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Bhikkhu \u0100nandajoti v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong \u201cThe Book of Analysis\u201d (S\u00e1ch Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch) thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 C\u1ee7a Theravada (Systematic Treatises of the Therav\u0101da School). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00edch t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd theo s\u00e1t b\u1ea3n Anh v\u0103n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u m\u1edf ngo\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng ngo\u1eb7c. Nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 (b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a) c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, l\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, l\u00e0 tinh vi, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng r\u00f5, l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, l\u00e0 suy x\u00e9t, l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n, l\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 L\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 tia s\u00e1ng tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng si, l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 (b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a) c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn: \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m.\u201d (B\u1ea3n Anh v\u0103n: \u2018Contemplating.\u2019 Herein, what is contemplation? That which is wisdom, knowing, investigation, deep investigation, investigation of (the nature of) things, discernment, discrimination, differentiation, erudition, skilfulness, subtlety, clarification, thoughtfulness, consideration, breadth, intelligence, guidance, insight, full awareness, examination, wisdom, the Faculty of Wisdom, the Strength of Wisdom, the sword of wisdom, height of wisdom, light of wisdom, lustre of wisdom, flame of wisdom, treasure of wisdom, non-delusion, investigation of (the nature of) things, Right View: this is called \u2018contemplation<\/em>.\u2019) (25)<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba d\u1eabn (n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong th\u00e2n th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m), Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 d\u1ea1y 2 c\u00e1ch Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Kinh, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong Kinh. S\u00e1ch Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 n\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n 7.1 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn theo Kinh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n 7.2 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong> (the first ground<\/strong>) r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m (trong Kinh [xem 7.1], \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n). D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, xin tr\u00edch t\u1eeb 7.2.1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec7m T\u00e2m theo Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 (c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0a ra 2 c\u00e1ch). Xin d\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201chow does a monk dwell contemplating (the nature of) the mind in the mind?<\/em>\u201d nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c7.2.1. V\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 an tr\u00fa qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m (b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a) t\u00e2m trong t\u00e2m? N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb s\u01b0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m (t\u00e1i sinh), s\u1ebd bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, (n\u01a1i,) ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 duy (having thinking), chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m (reflection), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 (happiness) v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c (rapture) t\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n ly, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y an tr\u00fa, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/strong>, v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m (b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a) t\u00e2m trong t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c (mindfulness), t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i nh\u1edb (recollection), Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m, Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi, nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o: nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c (attending to mindfulness)<\/em>.\u201d (25)\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

— Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai \u0111ang th\u1ea5y, \u0111ang nghe, \u0111ang hay bi\u1ebft\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft c\u00f3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng, tai c\u00f3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i m\u1eaft v\u00e0 tai tr\u01b0\u1edbc? \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y (khi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7) l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea5y, v\u1edbi nghe, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng. Do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ngay v\u1edbi c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u00ean tai, v\u00ec m\u1eaft v\u00e0 tai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp. \u0110\u00f4i khi trong \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta tho\u1ea3ng nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t hay m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c kh\u00fac, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f4i khi trong \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nhan s\u1eafc v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau, ch\u1ee3t ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi v\u1eabn rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nghe l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, xin d\u1ecbch Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch Trung Lu\u1eadn (Mula madhyamaka karika) c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd (Nagarjuna). Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 3 b\u1ea3n Anh v\u0103n: (1) The Root Stanzas of the Middle Way, do nh\u00f3m Padmakara Translation Group d\u1ecbch (b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea5y, nxb Shambhala 2016, trang 31-33, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n online); (2) Verses from the Center, do GS Stephen Batchelor d\u1ecbch (b\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, link n\u01a1i ghi ch\u00fa); (3) Nagarjuna\u2019s Middle Way, do Mark Siderits va Shoryu Katsura d\u1ecbch (b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea5y, nxb Wisdom Publications 2013, trang 99-107). V\u00e0 c\u0169ng tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau (s\u1ebd c\u00f3 link trong Ghi ch\u00fa).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t ai\u201d hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y nghe (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ng\u00e3), nh\u01b0ng lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 (t\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0i Nagarjuna) b\u00e1c b\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u201cc\u00f3 ai\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y nghe, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y g\u00ec nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, th\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u). R\u1ed3i n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t ai\u201d hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi v\u1eafng th\u1ea5y nghe, r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 \u201c(m\u1ed9t\/nhi\u1ec1u) ai\u201d trong chung kh\u1eafp hay ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t khi th\u1ea5y nghe, r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 \u201cm\u1ed9t ai\u201d duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nghe, v\u00e0 t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ly t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn, l\u00eca c\u1ea3 \u201cC\u00f3 ai\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai\u201d \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trung lu\u1eadn. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y Ch\u1eef vv. (v\u00e2n v\u00e2n) sau ch\u1eef nghe, hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft tai m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e2n \u00fd. Ch\u1eef vv. sau ch\u1eef th\u1ecd, hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. Ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0i Candrakirti n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 [ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3] tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n [th\u1ea5y, nghe] ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.\u201d B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

(B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 9. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t “ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3” \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc [th\u1ea5y, nghe]<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. [Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u1eadn] C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i nghe, vv. v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, vv. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i nghe, vv. sinh kh\u1edfi? Do v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 nghe, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. [Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi] Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y, nghe vv. v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd vv.?<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5y, nghe… th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 b\u1edfi th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd; th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0m sao ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd?<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  6. [Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i lu\u1eadn] Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 nghe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n kh\u00e1c. T\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i nghe kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. [Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi] N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea5y nghe c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd [chung nhau], l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea5y nghe c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd [ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t t\u1eebng c\u0103n]? <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    8 N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb nghe v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed7i c\u0103n hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebb nghe, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebb c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, th\u00ec khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebb nghe, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhau hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 [ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3] n\u00e0o trong t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i [\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda] m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i nghe, c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd vv kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Do v\u1eady, h\u00e3y bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “C\u00f3” v\u00e0 “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, vv. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, vv. trong c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/em> (h\u1ebft d\u1ecbch) (26)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      L\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 ngay \u1edf th\u1ea5y nghe, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 hay th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng (v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi), nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00f3 (v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t). Th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u00f3 lau d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o danh s\u1eafc, do v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nghe kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, \u0111ang khi th\u1ea5y nghe c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 khi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y nghe c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt, l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn n\u01a1i th\u1ea5y nghe, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 xem phim \u1ea3o h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi l\u00ean b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

      T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong Kinh SA 45, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ta hay kh\u00f4ng ta, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec n\u1eefa, tr\u00edch b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch 2 th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201c\u0110a v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e1u x\u00fac\u2013nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 sanh minh. Kh\u00f4ng sanh ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00f3, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ta bi\u1ebft, ta th\u1ea5y. Khi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do v\u00f4 minh\u2013x\u00fac kh\u1edfi l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia s\u1ebd b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ph\u00e1t sanh do minh x\u00fac sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean<\/em>.\u201d (26)<\/span><\/p>\n

      — \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0103n chay kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0103n th\u1ecbt d\u1eabn t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong link (27)<\/strong>. B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 157 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. “N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft y\u00eau t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, Ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed trong ba canh, Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/em>.”<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Daw Mya Tin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ba canh ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 ban \u0111\u00eam c\u00f3 3 canh, nh\u01b0ng Lu\u1eadn Th\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng ba canh l\u00e0 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu, th\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean, v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac trong \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 157 trong khi c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf r\u1eebng Bhesakala v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed Bodhi (Bodhirajakumara).<\/span><\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed Bodhi x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t cung \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby. X\u00e2y xong, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed m\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng trai t\u0103ng. Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed trang tr\u00ed, x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean s\u00e0n, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda cho t\u1edbi b\u00ean trong. V\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, n\u00ean th\u1ea7m ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 con, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1edbi, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed Bodhi trang nghi\u00eam cung th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt 3 l\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, thay v\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 quay l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn Ananda. Ng\u00e0i Ananda hi\u1ec3u \u00fd, n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed Bodhi g\u1ee1 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda. R\u1ed3i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed m\u1edbi d\u00e2ng c\u00fang th\u1ee9c \u0103n l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau b\u1eefa \u0103n, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n l\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i n\u01a1i s\u00e0n, th\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 con. Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con v\u00ec c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u. H\u1ecd tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3o hoang, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0103n tr\u1ee9ng chim, chim con v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chim, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd \u00e2n h\u1eadn, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. V\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 con. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00e2n h\u1eadn, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o trong ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con hay hai con trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng T\u1eed, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 trong m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1eddi, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1eddi.\u201d R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 157 n\u00eau tr\u00ean. Nghe xong, Bodhirajakumara \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: (1) \u0103n th\u1ecbt ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u; (2) s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

        — Ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1edf duy\u00ean: v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m, hay v\u00f4 t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch kinh tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y, c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u1edf c\u00f5i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n h\u1eefu d\u01b0, n\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1eafc thanh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. Trong Kinh Kim Cang, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u00fd ch\u1ec9: \u01afng v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5, nhi sinh k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc thanh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o h\u1ebft, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n di\u1ec7u t\u00e2m s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n, ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng d\u1ea1y cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda Minh r\u1eb1ng: h\u00e3y ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean, ch\u1edb sanh m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, h\u1ecfi xem khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t b\u1ed5n lai.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong Kinh SN 12.38, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 an tr\u00fa, l\u00e0 s\u1ebd sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i; h\u1ec5 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i an tr\u00fa (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c v\u1ea5n thi\u1ec1n<\/em>\u201d), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7m \u00fd, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf duy\u00ean cho th\u1ee9c an tr\u00fa. Khi n\u00e0o s\u1edf duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa. Do th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u00e1i h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi. Do sanh kh\u1edfi t\u00e1i h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u00ean sanh, gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y<\/em>.\u201d (28)<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujato trong Kinh SN 12.38 l\u00e0, h\u00e3y k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, r\u1ed3i th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u00e1i sinh: \u201cIf you don\u2019t intend or plan or have underlying tendencies, this doesn\u2019t become a support for the continuation of consciousness. With no support, consciousness is not established. When consciousness is not established and doesn\u2019t grow, there\u2019s no rebirth<\/strong> into a new state of existence in the future. When there is no rebirth into a new state of existence in the future, future rebirth, old age, and death cease, as do sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases<\/em>.\u201d (28)<\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong Kinh SA 359, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0: \u201cN\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 cho suy l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng sanh kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ec3 cho kia sai s\u1eed, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean n\u00edu m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean n\u00edu cho th\u1ee9c tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai c\u00f3 sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed, \u01b0u, bi, kh\u1ed5, n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p thu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng suy l\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho kia sai s\u1eed th\u00ec th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean n\u00edu m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 duy\u00ean n\u00edu m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean sanh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed, \u01b0u, bi, kh\u1ed5, n\u00e3o \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t<\/em>.\u201d (28)<\/span><\/p>\n

        C\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, v\u1ec1 ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1edf duy\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong Kinh Ud 1.10 (Bahiya Sutta), b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c:<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0y, Bahiya, \u00f4ng n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y; trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe; trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng; trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri.\u2019 C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111i, Bahiya. Khi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, n\u00e0y Bahiya, trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y\u2026 [nh\u1eabn t\u1edbi]\u2026 trong c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c tri, th\u00ec r\u1ed3i Bahiya, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 N\u00e0y Bahiya, khi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3,\u2019 th\u00ec r\u1ed3i Bahiya, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u2018trong \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 N\u00e0y Bahiya, khi \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u2018trong \u0111\u00f3,\u2019 th\u00ec r\u1ed3i Bahiya, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kia, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/em>.\u201d (28)<\/span><\/p>\n

        C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong Kinh SA 926, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch 2 Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng, ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/span><\/p>\n

        “Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, S\u1eb1n-\u0111\u00e0, T\u1ef3-kheo thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t tu thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu, phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 tu thi\u1ec1n; kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, nghe, c\u1ea3m, bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 tu thi\u1ec1n. N\u00e0y S\u1eb1n-\u0111\u00e0, n\u1ebfu T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o tu thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 Y-th\u1ea5p-ba-la, Ba-x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u cung k\u00ednh, ch\u1eafp tay, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i k\u1ec7 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n…”<\/em> (28)<\/span><\/p>\n

        — N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kinh nhi\u1ec1u hay tu h\u00e0nh uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb ra m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng trong ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf kia, tu th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf kia. Hay ngay c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1edb h\u1ed3i m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, \u1edf t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y, th\u00e0nh kia, hay ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u0169, hay b\u1ea1n t\u00ecnh x\u01b0a. Khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang xoay chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, hay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n kia. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai, m\u00e0 n\u00ean ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, hay l\u00e0 nh\u1edb t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00fam ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, ch\u1edb ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111ang nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ng\u1ed3i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng. Kinh SN 22.79, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u1edb ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u1edb ai, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00edch:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u1eefng Sa-m\u00f4n hay B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n hay nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u0103m? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u00e2n ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u201d. Nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc. Hay c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u201d. Nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecd. Hay c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ta c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2026 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u201d. Nh\u1edb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc? B\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc. B\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec? B\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi l\u1ea1nh, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi n\u00f3ng, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3i, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi kh\u00e1t, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i, mu\u1ed7i, gi\u00f3, s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u1eafn. B\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/em>” (29)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        — \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i trong nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, v\u1ec1 Nam T\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng. T\u1ef1 khen ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ea ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, theo kinh d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. \u0110\u00f4i khi tranh bi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi x\u00edch m\u00edch, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ebfm khi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y ly tham s\u00e2n si l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1ea5y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00eca tham s\u00e2n si l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong Kinh AN 3.72, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o si ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0100j\u012bvaka t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0i Ananda. V\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i Ananda, r\u1eb1ng “Th\u01b0a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ananda, ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft? Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00e9o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi? Nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00e9o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi<\/em>?” Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n tranh bi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u00fac v\u1ecb kia n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Ananda: “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 khen ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p trong gi\u1edbi x\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ng\u00e0i Ananda tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u1ecb gia ch\u1ee7 kia ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00edch b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: “…ai thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn s\u00e2n, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn si, ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft… nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n tham, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n si, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00e9o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi… nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, l\u00e0m cho nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y tala, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn s\u00e2n\u2026 Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn si, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5\u2026 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00e9o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.<\/em>..” (30)<\/span><\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 trong Kinh MN 59 v\u00e0 Kinh SN 36.19 c\u00f9ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n: ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c Pancakanga (Ng\u0169 Ph\u1ea7n) g\u1eb7p T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ud\u0101yi (\u01afu \u0111\u00e0 di), c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai th\u1ecd (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd) trong khi ng\u00e0i Ud\u0101yi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba th\u1ecd (l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd). Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tranh bi\u1ec7n: ng\u00e0i Ud\u0101yi n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y 3 th\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y 2 th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ed9c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y 2 th\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y 3 th\u1ecd. Hai v\u1ecb tranh bi\u1ec7n nhau kh\u00f4ng xong. Ng\u00e0i Ananda nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi t\u1edbi h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i Ananda r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y, theo Kinh SN 36.19, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n

        “C\u00f3 hai th\u1ecd, n\u00e0y \u0100nanda, theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba th\u1ecd theo ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u1ecd theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ecd theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 16 th\u1ecd theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ta. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 108 th\u1ecd theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ta. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y \u0100nanda, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f9y theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, d\u1ea7u cho nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f9y theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, n\u00e0y \u0100nanda, nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 l\u1eddi kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i, kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau: H\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nhau, h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng nhau, tranh lu\u1eadn nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f9y theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n.\u00a0 N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, d\u1ea7u cho nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f9y theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ecbu t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 l\u1eddi kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i, kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau: H\u1ecd s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, hoan h\u1ef7 v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn nhau, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eefa, s\u1ed1ng nh\u00ecn nhau v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft t\u1eeb \u00e1i<\/em>.” (30)<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ly tham s\u00e2n si, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tranh bi\u1ec7n g\u00ec n\u1eefa cho m\u1ec7t. Do v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng, trong C\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00fa, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

        “D\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u00e2n ng\u00e3, th\u00ec ra t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng;
        \nD\u1eebng h\u1ebft tham s\u00e2n, m\u1edbi l\u1ea3u l\u00f2ng m\u00e0u vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c.
        \nT\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trong s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1edb c\u00f2n ng\u1edd h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng;
        \nDi \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng soi, m\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecdc t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

        —- Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3o. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00eam qua, theo c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u1eebng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ra l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u00e1p qua b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i kim\u201d (Upon the Tip of a Needle), r\u1eb1ng khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft trong v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m xanh \u0111\u1ecf tr\u1eafng v\u00e0ng, v\u1eady m\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u00fai xanh, m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u00ecn c\u00e1i ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh, khi nghe 1 ca kh\u00fac: n\u1ebfu t\u1eebng \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nghe x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ca kh\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan h\u1ecd, ca kh\u00fac kia l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng c\u1ed5, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra ti\u1ebfng chim k\u00eau ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n chen b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0o ca kh\u00fac t\u1eeb TV. Khi nh\u1eadn ra, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ca kh\u00fac, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chim, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u00e2m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Duy Th\u1ee9c, d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung quanh ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 qua th\u1ee9c (v\u00e0 do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i, t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 h\u1ecda s\u01b0. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, khi c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda tay ch\u00e2n, c\u00f5i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y c\u01b0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i an l\u1ea1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Do v\u1eady, qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. Kinh Kim Cang vi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu vi ph\u00e1p \/ Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng, huy\u1ec5n, b\u00e0o, \u1ea3nh \/ Nh\u01b0 l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \/ \u01afng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb qu\u00e1n<\/em>\u201d (T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 tia ch\u1edbp, h\u00e3y qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

        Khi th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i kim, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hoa \u0111\u1ed1m h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t. Do v\u1eady, Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0, m\u1ed9t kinh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ebf gian ly sanh di\u1ec7t, do nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hoa\u2026<\/em>\u201d (Th\u1ebf gian lia c\u1ea3 sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 hoa \u0111\u1ed1m gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 46 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0: \u201c46. “Bi\u1ebft th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u1ed9 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, B\u1ebb t\u00ean hoa c\u1ee7a ma, V\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft<\/em>.” T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, sau khi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o r\u1eebng. Ng\u00e0i t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, n\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 xin ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y th\u00eam. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ra th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i y h\u1ec7t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh. Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111i t\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Aciravati. Trong khi ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn tan v\u1ee1, ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn ra t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft s\u01b0, n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh.\u201d R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 46. Nghe xong, v\u1ecb s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 170 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0: \u201c170. “H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh huy\u1ec5n! Qu\u00e1n nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p<\/em>.\u201d T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 500 v\u1ecb s\u01b0. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, 500 v\u1ecb s\u01b0, sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 bao nhi\u00eau, qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, h\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c. Khi v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi, m\u01b0a n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0t \u00e0o \u1ea1t t\u1edbi, c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i tan bi\u1ebfn. Nh\u00ecn b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng, 500 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, \u201cTh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng mong manh h\u01b0 v\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng,\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0, li\u1ec1n ph\u00f3ng h\u00e0o quang v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 170.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Duy Th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 A L\u1ea1i Da th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3ng vai b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh phim \u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh phim, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00eca sanh di\u1ec7t. Trong Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Duy L\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i Quy\u1ec3n B\u1ed1n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

        “B\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c th\u00ec c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u01b0u ch\u00fa th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ho\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c kia th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c kia sanh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c sanh ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t. V\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n do t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng sanh di\u1ec7t<\/strong> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng, sanh t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y, n\u00ean theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i sanh, sanh r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t, th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do \u00fd th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ebfp th\u1ecd, c\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n Ng\u0169 Th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng, sanh th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1t na ch\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u00e1t Na<\/em>.” (31)<\/span><\/p>\n

        — Bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 ba th\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai) l\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00ec khi t\u00e2m c\u00f2n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00ednh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Hay khi l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 (nh\u01b0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Du, B\u00f9i Gi\u00e1ng), ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (hay th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, khi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1). Do v\u1eady, b\u01b0\u1edbc qua b\u1edd b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 khi tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh g\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa. Thi\u1ec1n s\u1eed k\u1ec3 truy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c S\u01a1n g\u1eb7p b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 b\u00e1n b\u00e1nh, b\u1ebf t\u1eafc khi b\u00e0 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: “Kinh Kim Cang n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, v\u1ecb lai t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, xin h\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m n\u00e0o?<\/em>” \u0110\u1ee9c S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tu c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 348 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0: \u201c348. B\u1ecf qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai, \u0110\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u00dd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, Ch\u1edb v\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i sanh gi\u00e0.<\/em>” T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00e0ng Uggasena, con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i say \u0111\u1eafm m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng trong \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 500 v\u0169 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m xi\u1ebfc, t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Rajagaha, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n n\u01a1i s\u00e2n cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a vua Bimbisara trong 7 ng\u00e0y. C\u00f4 v\u0169 n\u1eef xinh \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 xi\u1ebfc trong \u0111o\u00e0n. C\u00f4 h\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u00faa tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady tre d\u00e0i. Uggasena say m\u00ea c\u00f4, c\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4 r\u1ed3i \u0111i theo \u0111o\u00e0n xi\u1ebfc. V\u00ec ch\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi ngh\u1ec1, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mang th\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea9y xe, vv. R\u1ed3i Uggasena v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 sinh m\u1ed9t con trai. Khi h\u00e1t ru con, c\u00f4 v\u0169 n\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e1t: \u201cCon \u01a1i, con trai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y xe, khi\u00eang th\u00f9ng. Con \u01a1i, con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng.\u201d Uggasena nghe b\u00e0i ca, bi\u1ebft v\u1ee3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng vui. Ch\u00e0ng m\u1edbi xin b\u1ed1 v\u1ee3 d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 \u0111u xi\u1ebfc. Sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc, Uggasena tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111u xi\u1ebfc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

        R\u1ed3i Uggasena tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Rajagaha, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong 7 ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 7, c\u00e2y tr\u1ee5 d\u00e0i d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 Uggasena \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u1ee5 c\u00e2y. Khi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ra hi\u1ec7u, ch\u00e0ng nh\u00e0o l\u1ed9n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng 7 l\u1ea7n. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y Uggasena qua linh \u1ea3nh, bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u00fac Uggasena s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Rajagaha, ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thay v\u00ec xem Uggasena l\u00e0m xi\u1ebfc. Khi Uggasena th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1edbi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ee5, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Uggasena, “N\u00e0y Uggasena, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 tham luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, m\u00e0 h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.\u201d R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 348. Nghe xong, Uggasena, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n. Ch\u00e0ng xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 xin v\u00e0o t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

        —- Xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3 b\u1edd n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1edd kia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u1edd n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u1edd kia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5, b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i Tho\u00e1t. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sinh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed, d\u00f9ng b\u00e8 [B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o] qua s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tham s\u00e2n si, b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 l\u00eca tham s\u00e2n si. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 l\u00eca ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. B\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, b\u1edd kia l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eedi, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac c\u1ea3m, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 385 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0: \u201c385. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1edd n\u00e0y, b\u1edd kia. C\u1ea3 hai b\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. L\u00eca kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Ta g\u1ecdi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n<\/em>.\u201d T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 ghi r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng (Mara) gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean, t\u1edbi h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u201cTh\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef ‘param’. Ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y ngay Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7n ra h\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p: \u201cNh\u1eefng ch\u1eef ‘param’ v\u00e0 ‘aparam’ kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec d\u00ednh t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u01a1i. Ch\u1eef ‘param’ c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018b\u1edd b\u00ean kia\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e2c A La H\u00e1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.\u201d R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 385 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0: \u201c412. “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u, s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee5i. Ta g\u1ecdi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n.<\/em>” T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i sa di Revata. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u201cRevata \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, Revata \u0111ang ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 t\u1ecbch trong r\u1eebng, xuy\u00ean qua th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, Revata \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean 500 t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t cho 500 v\u1ecb s\u01b0.\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c s\u01b0, \u201cC\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, Revata \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tham \u00e1i; Revata \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c r\u1ed3i.\u201d R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 385.<\/span><\/p>\n

        — c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n lai v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Trong nhi\u1ec1u Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n lai v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kinh t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n, ghi l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng khi t\u1edbi Ch\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p T\u00e1nh \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, g\u1eb7p Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 \u1ea4n T\u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng kinh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Khi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i, l\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng n\u00f3i gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng n\u00f3i ph\u01b0\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9ng, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e3i nhau kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i. Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e2m nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>.\u201d C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. Ph\u01b0\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean, th\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y x\u00f4 b\u1ed3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00f9m xanh \u0111\u1ecf tr\u1eafng v\u00e0ng v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. Ngay khi th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u1edbn bay, nh\u1eadn ra t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eadn ra trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i r\u1ed7ng rang, nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea3n lai v\u1eafng b\u1eb7t, nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n

        C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadn Duy Th\u1ee9c. Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cLiving Yogacara\u201d<\/em> (S\u1ed1ng Duy Th\u1ee9c) c\u1ee7a Tagawa Shu\u2019Ei, b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Charles Muller, nxb Wisdom Publications 2009, n\u01a1i trang 3, ghi l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 tanka Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ean h\u1ed3 Sarusawa Pond t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh Nara. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn, vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 tay b\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1 ch\u00e9p b\u01a1i t\u1edbi ch\u1edd th\u1ee9c \u0103n, c\u00e1c chim g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 bay l\u00ean v\u00ec s\u1ee3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u g\u00e1i s\u1ebd mang tr\u00e0 ra, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n

        N\u01a1i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e0n tay
        \nc\u00e1 ch\u00e9p b\u01a1i t\u1edbi ch\u1edd th\u1ee9c \u0103n
        \nchim h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng bay \u0111i, v\u00e0
        \nm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u g\u00e1i mang tr\u00e0 ra —
        \n[B\u00ean] h\u1ed3 Sarusawa.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam \u00fd tr\u00ean, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y xin tr\u00edch v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt<\/strong>. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi r\u1ea5t minh b\u1ea1ch: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nghe hay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u1edbn \u2013 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean, ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m), nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sinh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, ti\u1ebfng gi\u00f3 nghe b\u00ean tai \u2013 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m), v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y nghe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng) trong t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (ngay khi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00ec s\u00e1t na \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ly tham s\u00e2n si, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ba c\u00f5i). Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y do \u00a0H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Tr\u00ed Quang d\u1ecbch. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y xin d\u1eabn ra \u201cPh\u1ea9m 5. V\u00f4 T\u00e1nh.\u201d N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i d\u00f2ng tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tr\u00ed Quang, s\u1ebd k\u00e8m theo b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Thomas Cleary t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch \u201cBuddhist Yoga<\/em>\u201d (Duy Th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/em>), c\u00e1c trang 28-29. V\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem trong link (32)<\/strong>. Tr\u00edch ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a Sinh nh\u01b0 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

        (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tr\u00ed Quang): Th\u1eafng Ngh\u0129a Sinh, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 lai c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ba v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u00fd n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, sinh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        (B\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch Cleary): You should know that when I say all things have no essence, I am alluding their to three kinds of essencelessness: essencelessness of characteristics, essencelessness of birth, and ultimate essencelessness.\/\/\/ (Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c d\u1ecbch): Ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, khi Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, Nh\u01b0 Lai h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh: v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Th\u1ea7y TQ): T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1i sao, v\u00ec t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y do gi\u1ea3 danh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

        (Cleary): What is the essencelessness of characteristics of all things? It is their conceptually grasped character. Why? Because the characteristics are defined by artificial names, not by inherent definition. Therefore this is called essencelessness of characteristics.\/\/\/ (NG): V\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng [hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 l\u00ean] b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eef qua kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m [b\u1edfi t\u00e2m]. T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng do gi\u1ea3 danh d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Th\u1ea7y TQ): Sinh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh y tha kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea1i sao, v\u00ec do c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 duy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

        (Cleary): What is the essencelessness of birth of things? It is the dependently originated character of things. Why? Because they exist dependent on the power of other conditions and do not exist of themselves. Therefore this is called essencelessness of birth. \/\/\/ (NG): V\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng theo duy\u00ean sinh hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi<\/em>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        (Th\u1ea7y TQ): Th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 (m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t), c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do sinh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sinh c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1i sao, v\u00ec n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh s\u1edf duy\u00ean th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 lai n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 y tha kh\u1edfi t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thanh t\u1ecbnh s\u1edf duy\u00ean n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Cleary): What is the ultimate essencelessness of things? It means that things are said to be essenceless because of the essencelessness of birth; that is to say, the fact of dependent origination is also called ultimate essencelessness. Why? I reveal the pure object of attention in things to be ultimate essencelessness. Dependency is not a pure object of attention, so I also call it ultimately essenceless. \/\/\/ (NG): V\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do duy\u00ean sinh n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a. T\u1ea1i sao? Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a. Duy\u00ean sinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, do v\u1eady Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

        (Th\u1ea7y TQ): Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, (m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c), vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1i sao, t\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 do v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, n\u00ean (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hoa, t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Cleary): There is also the perfectly real character of things, which is also called ultimate essencelessness. Why? Because the selflessness of all things is called ultimate truth and can also be called essencelessness. This is the ultimate truth of all things and is revealed by essencelessness, so for these reasons it is called ultimate essencelessness. \/\/\/ (NG): Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a. T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 ra b\u1edfi v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a<\/em>. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        (Th\u1ea7y TQ): T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hoa, t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady<\/em>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u1ee7a \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt), sinh v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng do s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng v\u1eady, v\u00ec do ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 lai c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ba v\u00f4 t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

        (Cleary): You should know that essencelessness of characteristics is like flowers in the sky. Essencelessness of birth is like illusory images, and so is ultimate essencelessness in part. Just as space is only revealed by absence of forms and yet is omnipresent, so also is one part of ultimate essencelessness, because it is revealed by the selflessness of things, and because it is omnipresent. \/\/\/ (NG): Ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 hoa tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. V\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 b\u1edfi v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 do v\u1eady n\u00f3 [v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng] bao tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 b\u1edfi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 [v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng] bao tr\u00f9m kh\u1eafp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/em>. (32)<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, xin h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n xin b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o n\u01a1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1eafp ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        GHI CH\u00da:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        (1) Kinh AN 5.57: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an5.57\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (2) Kinh MN 113: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/mn113\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (3) Kinh EA 17.9: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/ea17.9\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        . Kinh MA 85: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/ma85\/vi\/tue_sy<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (4) Kinh DN 1: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/dn1\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (5) Kinh SA 785: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa785\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (6) Kinh AN 9.36: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an9.36\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (7) Kinh AN 11.16: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an11.16\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        . Kinh MN 52: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/mn52\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (8) Kinh MN 64: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/mn64\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (9) Kinh MA 205: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/ma205\/vi\/tue_sy<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (10) Kinh SA 864: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa864\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (11) Kinh AN 5.28: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an5.28\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (12) Kinh AN 5.256: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an5.256\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (13) Kinh MA 43: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/ma43\/vi\/tue_sy<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh AN 10.1 \u2013 AN 10.5: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an10-anisamsavagga<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (14) Kinh AN 3.63: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an3.63\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh AN 3.16: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an3.16\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (15) Kinh AN 4.170: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an4.170\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (16) Kinh SN 35.245: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn35.245\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (17) Kinh SN 12.70: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.70\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (18) Kinh SA 270: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa270\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (19) Guhatthaka-suttaniddeso: http:\/\/www.accesstoinsight.org\/tipitaka\/kn\/nm\/nm.2.04.olen.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (20) Kinh SN 35.23: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn35.23\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (21) Kinh SN 12.67: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.67\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SA 288: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa288\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (22) Kinh SN 35.24: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn35.24\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (23) Thag 10.3: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/thag10.3\/vi\/indacanda<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SN 54.1: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn54.1\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (24) Kinh AN 3.76: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an3.76\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SN 22.55: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn22.55\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh DN 11: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/dn11\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (25) Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/vb7\/en\/anandajoti<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        (26) Stephen Batchelor, Verses from the Center: https:\/\/www.stephenbatchelor.org\/index.php\/en\/verses-from-the-center<\/a> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        HT Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau, Trung Lu\u1eadn: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p19a15704\/pham-09-quan-ve-bon-tru<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SA 45: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa45\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (27) Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa: https:\/\/www.tipitaka.net\/tipitaka\/dhp\/index.php<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (28) Kinh SN 12.38: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.38\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Sujato: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn12.38\/en\/sujato<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SA 359: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa359\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh Bahiya, Ud 1.10: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p26a35902\/14-bai-phap-khan-cap-bahiya-sutta<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SA 926: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sa926\/vi\/tue_sy-thang<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (29) Kinh SN 22.79: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn22.79\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (30) Kinh AN 3.72: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/an3.72\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh MN 59: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/mn59\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Kinh SN 36.19: https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/sn36.19\/vi\/minh_chau<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (31) Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p16a998\/quyen-bon<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        (32) Kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt: https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/p16a1026\/pham-nam-vo-tanh<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

        Thomas Cleary, Buddhist Yoga, pp.28-29: https:\/\/terebess.hu\/english\/Buddhist-Yoga.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        C\u01b0 S\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c GHI CH\u00da V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ecaNH, HU\u1ec6 V\u00c0 GI\u1ea2I THO\u00c1T B\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n xin b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o n\u01a1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, v\u00e1 cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1eafp ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong b\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9128,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[159,191,273],"tags":[401,402],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9127"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9127"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9133,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9127\/revisions\/9133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}