{"id":9626,"date":"2021-10-26T04:16:54","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T21:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/?p=9626"},"modified":"2021-10-28T23:09:45","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T16:09:45","slug":"ta-on-kinh-phat-ta-on-nguoi-dich-kinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/ta-on-kinh-phat-ta-on-nguoi-dich-kinh\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1 \u01a0n Kinh Ph\u1eadt, T\u1ea1 \u01a0n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u1ecbch Kinh"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u01b0 S\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1ea0 \u01a0N KINH PH\u1eacT, T\u1ea0 \u01a0N NG\u01af\u1edcI D\u1ecaCH KINH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111ang d\u1ecbu b\u1edbt t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian qua. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n minh b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 ngay b\u00ean tai c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p, t\u1edbi bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y xin ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang (v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi): \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Ph\u1eadt trong m\u00f9a d\u1ecbch, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00eam nay s\u1ebd l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 T\u1ea1 \u01a0n Kinh Ph\u1eadt. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i \u00fd ri\u00eang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i qua, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc say m\u00ea T\u1ea1ng Nikaya v\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch hai T\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean ra Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u00e0o th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tu h\u1ecdc theo Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng. Trong t\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 Kinh Kim Cang, l\u00e0 Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n, l\u00e0 Kinh Bahiya\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00fd do g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc hai T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hai T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Trong n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2020, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam sang ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Nikaya v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi (v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1edbi) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. C\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc bao nhi\u00eau, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch, ho\u1ea1nh t\u1eed, c\u1eadn t\u1eed, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u00e0o m\u00e1u x\u01b0\u01a1ng da th\u1ecbt m\u00ecnh (tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o).<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Th\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Si\u00eau, hay Trung T\u00e2m D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt Tr\u00ed T\u1ecbnh (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Ch\u00fac Ph\u00fa r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch). Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y truy c\u1ee9u b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen (https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/<\/a>) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u trang kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Sutta Central (https:\/\/suttacentral.net\/<\/a>) hay khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi T\u1ea1ng Nikaya ti\u1ebfng Anh \u1edf Access to Insight (https:\/\/accesstoinsight.org\/<\/a>). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 do v\u1eady, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 3 trang web tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh, v\u00e0 nghe Kinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb nghe v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng th\u00f3i quen nghe ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 qua YouTube v\u00e0 Internet, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u01b0a th\u00edch nghe Kinh qua m\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdc. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eaft y\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u00edch nghe h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecdc. Xin k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf ngay trong v\u00f9ng Qu\u1eadn Cam, California. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111ang \u1edf b\u1eadc trung h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 trai, h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1ee9a con th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00e1i, h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ea3 anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp. C\u00f4 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, ba m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean h\u1ecdc cao, c\u1eadu con c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m, v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u00e9 g\u00e1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mang thai \u0111\u1ee9a th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, c\u00f4 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o YouTube nghe qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng Kinh Ph\u1eadt, do v\u1eady b\u00e9 g\u00e1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh truy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nghe, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nghe v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Am-la<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc Kinh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc d\u00f2 ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m SA 622, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng, k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng Am-la t\u1edbi l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt, tr\u00edch:<\/span><\/p>\n

“M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i B\u1ea1t-k\u1ef3, du h\u00e0nh trong nh\u00e2n gian, \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec9 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Am-la, n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-ly. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 n\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 n\u1eef Am-la nghe tin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n du h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb B\u1ea1t-k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf trong v\u01b0\u1eddn Am-la, li\u1ec1n s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh xe ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-ly, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n cung k\u00ednh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda v\u01b0\u1eddn Am-la, xu\u1ed1ng xe \u0111i b\u1ed9, t\u1eeb xa tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111ang v\u00e2y quanh. Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1ea5y n\u00e0ng Am-la s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo: \u2018N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00ean tinh c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m an tr\u1ee5, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. Nay c\u00f3 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i Am-la \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng<\/strong><\/em>.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, trong t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng, l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m xong, n\u00e0ng Am-la ch\u1eafp tay b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt: \u201cXin Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0a mai c\u1ee7a con.\u201d Khi \u1ea5y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n im l\u1eb7ng nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc th\u00eam, t\u1ea1i sao Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean T\u1ea1ng Pali SN 47.2 (c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 2 b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujato v\u00e0 Bodhi) l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng n\u00e0y? C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng 2 Kinh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a ra v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh giai nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khoan, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y khi k\u1ebft t\u1eadp T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 ghi th\u00eam h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0ng Am-la v\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y b\u00ean T\u1ea1ng Pali \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0ng Am-la. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111a di\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch, xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o k\u00ednh v\u1ea1n hoa. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tu t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n, Kinh thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh, qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hu\u1ec7. Hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u00e1. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, sau khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hai kinh d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn<\/strong>, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn h\u1eefu th\u00e2n<\/strong>. C\u00f3 2 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t” (theo Kinh SN 22.44, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u) thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n, v\u1ec1 “con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00e2n” (theo Kinh SA 69, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng) thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 2 kinh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a n\u0103ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch Kinh SN 22.44, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/strong> s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t:<\/span><\/p>\n

“V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u1ecb \u00d0a v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n; kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, hay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc \u1edf trong t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u1edf trong s\u1eafc.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd\u2026 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng\u2026 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh\u2026\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c, hay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9c \u1edf trong t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, hay kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u1edf trong th\u1ee9c. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t<\/strong>.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Kinh SA 69, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hai th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng t\u1eadp trung d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 (kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng khen, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5) \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00e2n:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00e2n? \u00d0a v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly s\u1eafc. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng khen, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng khen, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean \u00e1i l\u1ea1c s\u1eafc kia di\u1ec7t<\/strong>. \u00c1i l\u1ea1c di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t; th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t, h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t th\u00ec sanh di\u1ec7t, sanh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed, \u01b0u, bi, kh\u1ed5, n\u00e3o, thu\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady di\u1ec7t. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d0\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00e2n. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00e2n.\u201d Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i Kinh n\u00e0y xong, c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo sau khi nghe nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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V\u1edbi Kinh SA 69, b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Analayo l\u00e0: \u201cWhat is the path to the cessation of the arisen identity?<\/em>” V\u1edbi Kinh SN 22.44, b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujato l\u00e0: “And what is the practice that leads to the cessation of identity?<\/em>” v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Bodhi l\u00e0: \u201cAnd what, bhikkhus, is the way leading to the cessation of identity?<\/em>“<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu 2 kinh tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb t\u1edbi Kinh AN 4.170, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y Ng\u00e0i Ananda d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i qu\u00e1n sau, c\u00f3 khi qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 sau, c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u00e2m d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng: “L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n, T\u1ef7-kheo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi khi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y an tr\u00fa, an t\u1ecda, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/em>” (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Kinh SN 22.44 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Pali n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 sau, v\u00e0 Kinh SA 69 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc g\u00ec n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Kinh AN 4.170 T\u1ea1ng Pali l\u00e0 Kinh SA 560 T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng 4 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Trong Kinh SA 560, ch\u1ec9-qu\u00e1n h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 4, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n “t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1n” \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 3, tr\u00edch:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, T\u1ef3-kheo, T\u1ef3-kheo-ni b\u1ecb n\u1eafm gi\u1eef b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i, ng\u1ed3i ngay ng\u1eafn tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m: Thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m, ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecd h\u00f3a. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng an tr\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u, l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed<\/em>.” (do Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng d\u1ecbch)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong Kinh SN 35.245 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 2 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong khi ni\u1ec7m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda t\u00e2m, tr\u00edch: “S\u00e1u c\u1eeda, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m. Hai v\u1ecb s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c<\/em>.” (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u00f3m Kinh v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau l\u00e0 t\u00f9y. R\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u Kinh, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111a di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c an t\u00e2m.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kinh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Th\u1ef1c ra, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kinh tr\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tu h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc tu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/em>.\u201d \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. V\u1eady th\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eef \u201cs\u1eafc<\/strong>\u201d th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eedi nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ea1m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/em>.\u201d Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y minh b\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u Kinh kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, b\u00ean tai\u2026 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0 vang, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u ngay B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m Kinh khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cS\u1eafc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng\u2026\u201d Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: s\u1eafc (form), th\u1ecd (feelings), t\u01b0\u1edfng (perception: the process of recognising what things are — ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng…), h\u00e0nh (mental formations, thoughts — \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng), th\u1ee9c (consciousness, an awareness of things — c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 hay v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1eadn ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tham s\u00e2n si d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ai kh\u00f4ng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00c1c ma<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 khi ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i b\u1eddi, c\u00f3 khi ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 khi t\u00ecm ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn \u00fd n\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Kinh SN 22.64 v\u00e0 Kinh SA 15.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SN 22.64 k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 t\u1edbi xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u00e0y lui v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 tu cho t\u1edbi khi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: “Ai suy t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1ecb Ma tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Ai kh\u00f4ng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00c1c ma<\/em>.” (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u)<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Bhikkhu Bodhi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: “\u201cBhikkhu, in conceiving<\/strong> one is bound by Mara; by not conceiving one is freed from the Evil One<\/em>.\u201d (Ngh\u0129a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0: T\u1ef3 kheo, h\u1ec5 suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb Ma tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c; kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00c1c Ma).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bhikkhu Sujato l\u00e0: \u201cWhen you identify<\/strong>, mendicant, you\u2019re bound by M\u0101ra. Not identifying, you\u2019re free from the Wicked One<\/em>.\u201d (Ngh\u0129a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0: T\u1ef3 kheo, khi ng\u01b0\u01a1i nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y [li\u00ean k\u1ebft], ng\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ecb Ma tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y [li\u00ean k\u1ebft], ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00c1c Ma).<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, Bodhi v\u00e0 Sujato, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 3 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean A H\u00e0m l\u00e0 Kinh SA 15, l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cN\u00e0y T\u1ef3-kheo, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 sai s\u1eed<\/strong> theo s\u1eed<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft theo s\u1eed. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ebft theo s\u1eed l\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c. N\u1ebfu T\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sai s\u1eed theo s\u1eed, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft theo s\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft theo s\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee7<\/em>.\u201d (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n Kinh SA 15 do Analayo d\u1ecbch l\u00e0, tr\u00edch: “Monk, if one surrenders to the underlying tendencies<\/strong>, one surrenders to the underlying tendency at death. If one surrenders to the underlying tendency at death, one is bound by grasping. Monk, if one does not surrender to the underlying tendencies, one does not surrender to the underlying tendency at death. If one does not surrender to the underlying tendency at death, one is liberated from grasping<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, hai c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch Anh-Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a SA 15 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n y h\u1ec7t nhau. B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng ghi l\u00e0 “s\u1eed” s\u1ebd l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ma. “S\u1eed<\/strong>” n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Analayo d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “underlying tendencies<\/strong>” — t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn theo th\u00f3i quen th\u00ec 3 s\u1eed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tham-s\u00e2n-si. Khi hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao Bhikkhu Sujato d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “identify” (nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft) khi d\u1ecbch Kinh SN 22.64.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u00f2n 2 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Bhikkhu Bodhi th\u00ec sao? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai d\u1ecbch sai c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y. Ch\u1eef “suy t\u01b0\u1edfng” c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngh\u0129 th\u00eam t\u1edbi, di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ra, t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng… C\u00f2n ch\u1eef “conceiving” m\u00e0 Bhikkhu Bodhi d\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1eef “conceiving” trong ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 thai” — n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sanh ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng l\u00e0” “\u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 t\u00e2m m\u1ea1c v\u1ea5n thi\u1ec1n<\/strong>.” (\u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef g\u00ec, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00f4i \u0111i, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft g\u00ec, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn g\u00ec, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ‘mang b\u1ea7u, mang thai’ g\u00ec, th\u00ec ch\u1edb h\u1ecfi Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m chi.<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

Hay n\u00f3i theo Kinh Bahiya l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe… t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Kinh Snp 4.6 trong nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Kinh ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng ni t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p), tr\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i ghi r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng “ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>” chi h\u1ebft. Ng\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i v\u00f4 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch Snp 3.6 c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Khantipalo Mills (th\u1ec3 th\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i): “Certainly the wise do not conceive<\/strong> upon the seen, the heard, and cognized, nor wish for purity through another, for they are not attached nor yet displeased<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Sujato: “For the one who is cleansed does not conceive<\/strong> in terms of things seen, heard, or thought. They do not wish to be purified by another; they are neither passionate nor growing dispassioned<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c: “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, nghe, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm thanh t\u1ecbnh qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tham \u0111\u1eafm hay gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf.<\/em>“<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 L\u1ed7i L\u1ea7m<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa 2 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng: Kinh AN 3.16 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh Con \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u00f4ng C\u00f3 L\u1ed7i L\u1ea7m) v\u00e0 Kinh EA 21.6.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh AN 3.16, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0: “Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ba ph\u00e1p, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1eafng t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 trong \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/strong><\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m ch\u1eef “…ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>” trong b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujato l\u00e0: “…and is dedicated to wakefulness<\/em>.” Trong b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bodhi l\u00e0: “…and is intent on wakefulness<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng Kinh EA 21.6, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & Th\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0: “N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 T\u1ef3-kheo n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ba ph\u00e1p, \u1edf trong hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh tinh t\u1ea5n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ba? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf kinh h\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m ch\u1eef “kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf kinh h\u00e0nh<\/em>” trong b\u1ea3n Anh d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Th\u00edch Huy\u1ec1n-Vi, Sara Boin-Webb & Bhikkhu P\u0101s\u0101dika l\u00e0: “and c) who does not neglect his walking-exercises<\/em>.” T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, thi\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nhau, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba trong 2 kinh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 “\u0111i b\u1ed9, ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n AN 3.16 v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n “ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/strong>” l\u00e0, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: “V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/strong>? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ban ng\u00e0y trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, ban \u0111\u00eam trong canh m\u1ed9t, trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i,, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, ban \u0111\u00eam trong canh gi\u1eefa, n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u00f4ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, hai ch\u00e2n g\u00e1c l\u00ean nhau, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/strong>, t\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, ban \u0111\u00eam trong canh cu\u1ed1i, sau khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady trong khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i, g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>.” (Ghi nh\u1eadn: \u201cch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u201cch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c\u201d?)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n EA 21.6 v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n “kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf kinh h\u00e0nh<\/strong>” l\u00e0, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: “Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf kinh h\u00e0nh? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ef3-kheo, \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00f4m cu\u1ed1i h\u00f4m lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb kinh h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng sai th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a, th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng bu\u1ed9c \u00fd v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ban ng\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i, t\u01b0 duy di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p, tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed \u1ea5m c\u00e1i. R\u1ed3i l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00f4m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i, t\u01b0 duy di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p, tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed \u1ea5m c\u00e1i. R\u1ed3i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, t\u01b0 duy bu\u1ed9c \u00fd v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i h\u00f4m th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 duy di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p, tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed \u1ea5m c\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf kinh h\u00e0nh<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Hai \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 y h\u1ec7t nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y A H\u00e0m mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111i b\u1ed9 (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c) v\u00ec l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y “ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c” hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i l\u1eddi Kinh AN 3.16 d\u1ea1y “h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n” th\u00ec Kinh EA 21.6 d\u1ea1y “c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh” c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00e1c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch Kinh EA 21.6 d\u1ea1y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: “T\u1ef3-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, T\u1ef3-kheo khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh \u1edf n\u01a1i nh\u00e3n c\u0103n; v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u1ea5y n\u00ean lu\u00f4n th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n. Khi tai nghe ti\u1ebfng, m\u0169i ng\u01b0\u1edfi h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb, th\u00e2n bi\u1ebft m\u1ecbn l\u00e1ng, \u00fd bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh \u1edf n\u01a1i nh\u00e3n c\u0103n; v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u1ea5y n\u00ean lu\u00f4n th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 \u00fd c\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 T\u1ef3-kheo c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh<\/em>.” (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch TS&\u0110T)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng (kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ebft), t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch Kinh AN 3.16 d\u1ea1y h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau: “V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, T\u1ef7-kheo khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, v\u00ec nh\u00e3n c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, khi\u1ebfn tham \u01b0u, c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, T\u1ef7-kheo t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n. Khi tai nghe ti\u1ebfng \u2026 m\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2026 l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb \u2026 th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u2026 \u00fd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec, v\u00ed \u00fd c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, khi\u1ebfn tham m\u01b0u, c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, T\u1ef7-kheo t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd c\u0103n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u00fd c\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi “t\u01b0\u1edbng chung<\/em>” t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “features<\/em>” \u2013 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3i c\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb A c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng chung l\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u1edbn; t\u01b0\u1edbng chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u00f4 n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4 kh\u00e1c. G\u1ecdi “t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang” l\u00e0 “details” — t\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, l\u00e0m c\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb A kh\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00f4 kh\u00e1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00ec khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb A, ch\u1edb n\u00ean l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n, hay c\u00e1c c\u0103n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft theo s\u1eed, ch\u1edb n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec, ch\u1edb suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00ec… khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p khi t\u1edbi m\u1eaft, tai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ecdc 2 kinh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00eda, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn g\u1ea7n l\u1eabn nh\u00ecn xa. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1ch an t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, t\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y “ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 “ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c” nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u Kinh kh\u00e1c? Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

— Nh\u01b0 trong Kinh AN 3.16:<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch: ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sujato d\u1ecbch: is dedicated to wakefulness (<\/em>d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, gi\u1eefa \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u201cch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>\u201d Sujato d\u1ecbch \u201cmindful and aware<\/em>\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n

Bodhi d\u1ecbch: is intent on wakefulness<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

— Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Kinh AN 5.28, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch:<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sujato: mindful and aware<\/em> (Trong Kinh AN 8.81, Sujato d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: mindfulness and situational awareness<\/em>)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bodhi: mindful and clearly comprehending<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thanissaro: mindful & alert<\/em>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, xin ph\u00e9p \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong h\u00e0nh trinh \u0111\u00f3. \u201cCh\u00fa t\u00e2m<\/strong>\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c<\/strong> (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0110a B\u1ea3o t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean<\/strong>), v\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac th\u00ec t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u01b0u gi\u1eef cho \u201cm\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m\u201d (theo c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng). Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ngay c\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c (wakefulness<\/em>) ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Bahiya, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c l\u00f3e l\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t), nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m trinh tuy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc hay l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn ra d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i\u00a0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tham s\u00e2n si. T\u00e2m n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ngay trong c\u00e1i \u201cch\u00fa t\u00e2m\u201d t\u1eeb ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt (n\u00f3i theo Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng), v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i ch\u01b0a kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00edu gi\u1eef b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, ch\u01b0a so \u0111o, ch\u01b0a t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. Trong c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb lai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y Nam B\u1eafc v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c trinh tuy\u1ec1n, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn (Kinh DN 11 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cconsciousness without feature\u201d \u2013 th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng). V\u00ec th\u1eddi gian (qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian (\u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y Nam B\u1eafc) ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, c\u00f3 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng; v\u00e0 v\u00ec g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea5u v\u00edu n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn danh-s\u1eafc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong Kinh SN 12.64 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 khi \u201cn\u01a1i n\u00e0o th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa (theo Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch)\u201d (Sujato: Where consciousness is not established and doesn\u2019t grow). C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean A H\u00e0m c\u00f3 Kinh SA 376, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cNh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ef7, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5<\/strong>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t<\/em>.\u201d (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch: Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i A La H\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca tham s\u00e2n si, \u0111\u00e3 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i A La H\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng Kinh v\u1eabn n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh A La H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tu t\u1eadp th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng. C\u1ea3 hai T\u1ea1ng Pali v\u00e0 A H\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh SA 259, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng vi\u1ebft, tr\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i:<\/span><\/p>\n

“T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ma-ha C\u00e2u-hi-la l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t: \u201cX\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0 duy<\/em> nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o n\u1eefa?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t n\u00f3i: \u201cMa-ha C\u00e2u-hi-la, A-la-h\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng t\u01b0 duy n\u0103m th\u1ecd \u1ea5m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, l\u00e0 ung nh\u1ecdt, l\u00e0 gai nh\u1ecdn, l\u00e0 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng, phi ng\u00e3. V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Hai v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh s\u0129 nghe l\u1eabn nhau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, hoan h\u1ef7 ra v\u1ec1.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Kinh SN22.122, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u vi\u1ebft, tr\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u2014Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p g\u00ec?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014V\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 Kotthika, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, ung nh\u1ecdt, m\u0169i t\u00ean, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, \u1ed1m \u0111au, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1edbi v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, n\u00e0y Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m n\u1eefa, hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u00eam g\u00ec n\u1eefa trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c<\/em>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f2n trong c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, hai kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1eddi s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ea5n. Hu\u1ed1ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, tinh t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, v\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec tu m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat l\u00e0 an vui m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat, v\u00ec tu m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 an vui m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3 C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd l\u00ean cao<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1eefu v\u00f4 c\u00e2u b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp, nh\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh b\u1ed5n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f4<\/em> (Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp C\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1ng l\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd l\u00ean cao). Hai c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 T\u00f4ng Di\u1ec5n (1640 – 1711) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o VN t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng T\u00e2m Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 trong nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Trong \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, r\u1eb1ng \u201cS\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u1eafc\u2026\u201d Trong \u0111\u00f3, S\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eedi, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfm, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m x\u00fac, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d (s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00f3 hay Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi: khi t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 C\u00f3, v\u00e0 khi bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 trung \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn xa l\u00eca c\u1ea3 C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, mang t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i Bahiya trong Kinh Ud 1.10, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i Pukkusati trong Kinh MN 140. C\u0169ng r\u1ea5t hy h\u1eefu, Kinh MN 140 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 “Thi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed Pukkusati, do l\u00f2ng tin, y c\u1ee9 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/em>.” Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Pukkusati t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t gia, trong khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi c\u1ee5 t\u00fac, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 y b\u00e1t. May m\u1eafn, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m Bhaggava.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m cho ri\u00eang ng\u00e0i Pukkusati, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1eddi nh\u00e0 anh th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm y b\u00e1t, th\u00ec g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y, \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin ng\u00e0i Pukkusati b\u1ecb con b\u00f2 \u0111i\u00ean t\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cThi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed Pukkusati, sau khi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf lui \u0111\u1eddi \u1ea5y n\u1eefa<\/em>.\u201d C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ng\u00e0i Pukkusati nghe xong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p, li\u1ec1n ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai (th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A Na H\u00e0m) v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00f5i c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i B\u1ea5t Lai sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nh\u01b0ng Kinh MA 162 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i Kinh MN 140, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, ghi l\u1eddi ph\u00e1p y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau (khi \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y y h\u1ec7t Kinh Kim Cang v\u00e0 T\u00e2m Kinh):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDo kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eefu<\/strong> hay phi h\u1eefu<\/strong>, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi; ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i v\u1ecb \u1ea5y; do ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tu\u1ec7 tri: \u201cSanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026 \u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eafc\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean. N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ecb \u1ea9n s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u1ecb \u1ea9n s\u0129 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hy c\u1ea7u.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026 \u2026<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed Pukkusati \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ec7nh chung. Sanh th\u00fa c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, Thi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed Pukkusati, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u Ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Thi\u1ec7n gia nam t\u1eed Pukkusati, sau khi \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf lui \u0111\u1eddi \u1ea5y n\u1eefa<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i Kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m l\u00e0 Kinh MA 162, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng ghi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u00f2 t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ea5t-ca-la-sa-l\u1ee3i (phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb t\u00ean ng\u00e0i Pukkusati), nh\u01b0ng ghi trong c\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i Ph\u1ea5t-ca-la-sa-l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n (\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ai n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n do d\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc<\/em>\u201d). Kinh MA 162 ghi r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y xong, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea5t-ca-la-sa-l\u1ee3i vi\u1ec5n ly tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u, ph\u00e1t sanh ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea5t-ca-la-sa-l\u1ee3i vi\u1ec5n th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1ch t\u1ecbnh, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nghi ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ai n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n do d\u1ef1, \u0111\u00e3 an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u00f4 \u00fay, li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt<\/em>…”<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, khi trong t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu hay V\u00f4, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 C\u00f3 hay Kh\u00f4ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y hay c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe hay c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe\u2026 — th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian (qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai) ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u201cs\u1eafc th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c\u201d \u2013 n\u1ebfu trong t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u201cn\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o (t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec l\u01b0u gi\u1eef) th\u00ec ba th\u1eddi qu\u00e1, hi\u1ec7n, v\u1ecb lai s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kinh Nh\u1ea5t D\u1ea1 Hi\u1ec1n Gi\u1ea3 (Kinh MN 131) c\u00f3 ghi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng truy t\u00ecm qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1eebng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9t d\u1ea1 Hi\u1ec1n\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m c\u00f3 Kinh MA 165, c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng truy ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1eebng mong \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb lai, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat bi\u1ebfng l\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean h\u1ec7. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y, t\u1eebng gi\u1edd, t\u1eebng ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y n\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o. Do v\u1eady, khi n\u00f3i \u201cba c\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y quen thu\u1ed9c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 n\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, m\u01b0a, gi\u00f3, c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1\u2026 nh\u01b0ng trong gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u201cn\u00fai, s\u00f4ng, m\u01b0a, gi\u00f3, c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1\u2026\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eedi, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n\u2026 Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 C\u00f3, hay th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 ng\u00e0i Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u1ef9 (1230-1291). Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e2m Ca kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u (n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, theo v\u0103n xu\u00f4i cho d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn):<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p chi t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m.\/ Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m kh\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef ng\u00e3 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7p,\/Ph\u00e1p nh\u0129 nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean c\u1eafng c\u1ed5 c\u00e2m.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Thanh T\u1eeb d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m.\/Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m b\u00e8n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ta hi\u1ec7p,\/Ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ed5 kim.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, hai b\u00e0i K\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft l\u00e0, c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. “\u00dd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p,\/\u00dd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, \u00fd t\u1ea1o;\/N\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u00fd \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m,\/N\u00f3i l\u00ean hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,\/Kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o b\u01b0\u1edbc theo sau,\/Nh\u01b0 xe, ch\u00e2n v\u1eadt k\u00e9o”.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. “\u00dd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p,\/\u00dd l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, \u00fd t\u1ea1o,\/N\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u00fd thanh t\u1ecbnh,\/N\u00f3i l\u00ean hay h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng,\/An l\u1ea1c b\u01b0\u1edbc theo sau,\/Nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi h\u00ecnh “.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    .<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t minh b\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u01a1i Kinh SN 35.23 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3, tr\u00edch: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3? M\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc; tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng; m\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng; l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb; th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00fac; \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em>.\u201d (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch: Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u)<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf A H\u00e0m l\u00e0 Kinh SA 319: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9, m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, tai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh, m\u0169i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f9i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb, th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/em>\u201d (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch: Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng)<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u01a1i 2 Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m).<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u00e1i T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3<\/strong>, nh\u01b0 Kinh SN 35.24 d\u1ea1y (Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch: H\u00e3y \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn<\/strong> c\u00e1i T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3; Sujato d\u1ecbch: This is the principle for giving up<\/strong> the all; Bodhi d\u1ecbch: This, bhikkhus, is the Dhamma for abandoning<\/strong> all.)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf trong Kinh SN 35.24 l\u00e0m g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb t\u1edbi t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa 25, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Culapanthaka thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, trong 4 th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kinh n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng anh ru\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Mahapanthaka th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec em, c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u1eadu em l\u00e0 em kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch cho nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Culapanthaka t\u1edbi ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Gandhakuti, v\u1eeba lau b\u1ee5i, v\u1eeba l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef “Rajoharanam” (taking on impurity — l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/strong>). Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 k\u00e9m tr\u00ed kia khi lau ch\u00f9i, th\u1ea5y mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ebb lau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u v\u00ec b\u1ee5i, ng\u1ed9 ra l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 Kinh SN 35.25 (Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch: \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1edd th\u1eafng tri, li\u1ec5u tri<\/strong>; Sujato d\u1ecbch: giving up the all by direct knowledge and complete understanding<\/strong>; Bodhi d\u1ecbch: abandoning all through direct knowledge and full understanding<\/strong>.)<\/span><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn? Trong Kinh AN 6.61, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u ghi l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t Th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 Kheo v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang: \u201cS\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9, th\u01b0a ch\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. S\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u1ee9 hai. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa. \u00c1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i. Do \u00e1i d\u1ec7t\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean A H\u00e0m l\u00e0 Kinh SA 1164 n\u00f3i k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n, theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p: S\u00e1u n\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean; s\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 bi\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai; th\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa; \u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u1ee3 kh\u00e2u. Th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00e1i, r\u1ed3i do b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y nh\u00e2n kia m\u00e0 th\u00e2n l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t sanh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y do tr\u00ed m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft, do li\u1ec5u tri m\u00e0 li\u1ec5u tri. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec5u tri b\u1edfi li\u1ec5u tri, th\u00ec t\u1ed9t m\u00e9 kh\u1ed5, m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mang nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0 trong Kinh SN 35.241 ghi l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadn, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cB\u1edd b\u00ean n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y. B\u1edd b\u00ean kia, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9. B\u1ecb ch\u00ecm gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 tham. B\u1ecb m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n<\/em>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    .<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u1eafn t\u1eaft. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/strong>, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 tu T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 trong ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9, ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nh\u00ecn nh\u01b0 Kinh SN 35.23 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1i T\u1ea5t C\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, tai l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe\u2026 ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong Kinh SN 47.3, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr\u00edch l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau v\u1ec1 3 c\u00e1ch T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cTh\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y. \u2014V\u1eady n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed9t s\u1ea1ch hai ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9o thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c. N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, khi n\u00e0o \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi kh\u00e9o thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, \u00d4ng h\u00e3y y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi, an tr\u00fa tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi, tu t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 theo ba c\u00e1ch. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i th\u1ecd \u2026 Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u2026 Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Hay \u00d4ng h\u00e3y tr\u00fa, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, khi n\u00e0o \u00d4ng y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi, an tr\u00fa tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 theo ba c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; khi \u1ea5y, n\u00e0y T\u1ef7-kheo, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00eam hay ng\u00e0y, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Sujato c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean: th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi; th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, tu T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 theo 3 c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 theo 3 c\u00e1ch? Sujato d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201cYou should develop the four kinds of mindfulness meditation in three ways<\/strong>, depending on and grounded on ethics.<\/em>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0: ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n (r\u1ed3i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, r\u1ed3i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p) tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 (internally), ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n (th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p) tr\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (externally), ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n (th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p) tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (internally and externally).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ba c\u00f5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy th\u1ee9c. L\u00eca t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eadn ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 y h\u1ec7t l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi ph\u00e1p T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9. Trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong 2 nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: Ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 4 Kinh T\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea9m T\u00e1m; v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee9 5 Kinh T\u1eadp, t\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea9m Qua B\u1edd B\u00ean Kia) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 — l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i y h\u1ec7t T\u00e2m Kinh, Kinh Kim Cang v\u00e0 Kinh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n. Trong 2 nh\u00f3m Kinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ch\u1eef A La H\u00e1n, m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. (\u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, xin v\u00e0o Google, g\u00f5 ch\u1eef \u201cKinh Nh\u1eadt T\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 Th\u1eddi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u0169ng xin v\u00e0o Google, t\u00ecm \u201cSutta Nipata\u201d v\u00e0 trong n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc hai ph\u1ea9m \u201c4. Atthakavagga\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c5. Parayanavagga.\u201d)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201cni\u1ec7m\u201d (mindfulness, sati). T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi, trong m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9). C\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (“presence of mindfulness”).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta d\u1eabn ra Kinh MN 10, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Trong n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y d\u1ecbch ra d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang sanh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o<\/em>\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    Suddh\u0101so Bhikkhu d\u1ecbch: \u201cMonks, this is the one-way path<\/strong> for the purification of beings<\/em>\u2026\u201d (Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh\u2026).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    I.B. Horner d\u1ecbch: \u201cThere is this one way<\/strong>, monks, for the purification of beings<\/em>\u2026\u201d (C\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Thanissaro Bhikkhu d\u1ecbch: \u201cThis is the direct path<\/strong> for the purification of beings<\/em>\u2026\u201d (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00d1anamoli Thera v\u00e0 Bhikkhu Bodhi d\u1ecbch: “…this is the direct path<\/strong> for the purification of beings<\/em>…” (\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sinh\u2026)<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nyanasatta Thera d\u1ecbch: \u201cThis is the only way<\/strong>, monks, for the purification of beings<\/em>\u2026\u201d (d\u1ecbch y nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Soma Thera d\u1ecbch: \u201cThis is the only way<\/strong>, O bhikkhus, for the purification of beings<\/em>\u2026\u201d (d\u1ecbch y nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bhikkhu Sujato d\u1ecbch: \u201cMendicants, the four kinds of mindfulness meditation are the path to convergence<\/strong><\/em>.\u201d (Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, t\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/em>) — n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    .<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u00ean A H\u00e0m, trong Kinh EA 12.1, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 & \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cTh\u00ea\u0301 T\u00f4n ba\u0309o ca\u0301c Ty\u0300-kheo: \u201cCo\u0301 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o<\/strong>, la\u0300m thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a chu\u0301ng sanh, tr\u01b0\u0300 bo\u0309 s\u00e2\u0300u \u01b0u<\/em>\u2026\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    Trong Kinh MA 98, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh<\/strong>, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua lo s\u1ee3, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t k\u00eau kh\u00f3c, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/em>\u2026.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o d\u1ecbch sai. Thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111a ngh\u0129a, khi d\u1ecbch ra, s\u1ebd t\u00f9y qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng, theo \u00fd ri\u00eang (d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ed1n tu v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n k\u00e9m) c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sujato l\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh (samatha) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n (d\u00f9 l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 Kinh SN 22.44 d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (theo Kinh SN 47.3): ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p \u1edf n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 (internally), r\u1ed3i \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (externally), r\u1ed3i \u1edf n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (internally and externally). L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ba c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u2013 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.. C\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ng\u00e0i Bahiya duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, nghe, hay, bi\u1ebft\u2026 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, nh\u00ecn g\u00ec, hay nghe g\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra t\u00e2m<\/strong>).<\/span><\/p>\n

    .<\/span><\/p>\n

    Xin ghi l\u1eddi k\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y: ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng mang \u01a1n ba \u0111\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng; v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng mang \u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 qu\u00fd c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam; v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng mang \u01a1n b\u1ed5n s\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch T\u1ecbch Chi\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng mang \u01a1n Th\u1ea7y Minh Ch\u00e2u, Th\u1ea7y Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch T\u1ea1ng Pali v\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb hai T\u1ea1ng Kinh r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t v\u00e0 vi di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u01b0 S\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c T\u1ea0 \u01a0N KINH PH\u1eacT, T\u1ea0 \u01a0N NG\u01af\u1edcI D\u1ecaCH KINH Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch \u0111ang d\u1ecbu b\u1edbt t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian qua. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n minh b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[150,180,273],"tags":[433,434],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9626"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9626"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9629,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9626\/revisions\/9629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phapnhan.org\/tv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}